Ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, iVietnam "ayinakulinda" ukubhengeza ukusebenza kwayo kwezoqoqosho kulo nyaka uphelileyo. I-7.02% yenqanaba lokukhula kwe-GDP, i-11.29% yenqanaba lokukhula kwemveliso ... Ukujonga nje idatha, ungaziva ubungqabavu beli lizwe lisapuma mpuma Asia.
Ngakumbi nangakumbi izityalo zokuvelisa, ngakumbi nangakumbi igama lokufika, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhuthaza utyalo-mali kurhulumente waseVietnam, ngokuthe ngcembe yenze iVietnam yaba "ngumzi mveliso wehlabathi" kunye nomzi mveliso weplastikhi kunye namatyathanga enxulumene nawo. Isiseko esitsha.
Utyalomali olusebenzayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kuqhuba ukukhula kwamanani aphindwe kabini kumzi mveliso weplastikhi
Ngokwedatha ekhutshwe ngaphambili yi-Vietnam General Administration of Statistics, ukukhula kwe-Vietnam ye-GDP ngo-2019 kwafikelela kwi-7.02%, kugqitha kwi-7% kunyaka wesibini ngokulandelelana. Phakathi kwabo, izinga lokukhula kokulungiswa kunye nokuveliswa kukhokelele kwimizi mveliso emikhulu, ngezinga lokukhula lonyaka eli-11.29%. Abasemagunyeni baseVietnam bachaze ukuba inqanaba lokukhula kwenkqubo yokulungisa kunye nokwenza imveliso liza kufikelela kwi-12% kwi-2020.
Malunga nokungenisa ngaphakathi kunye nokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe, ukungenisa elizweni kunye nokuthunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe eVietnam kulo nyaka kugqithe kwi-US $ 500 yezigidigidi uphawu okokuqala, kufikelela kwi-US $ 517 yezigidigidi, ethi ke yona ithunyelwe kumazwe angaphandle ifike kwi-US $ 263.45 yezigidigidi, ukufikelela kwintsalela ye-US $ 9.94 yezigidigidi. Iinjongo zaseVietnam ze-2020 kukufikelela kwi-300 yezigidigidi zeedola zaseMelika kuthumelo olupheleleyo.
Imfuno yangaphakathi nayo yomelele kakhulu, intengiso iyonke yeempahla zabathengi inyuka nge-11.8%, elona nqanaba liphezulu phakathi kuka-2016 no-2019. Ngokukhanga utyalo-mali lwangaphandle, iVietnam itsale i-38 yezigidigidi zeedola zaseMelika kunyaka ophelileyo, elona nqanaba liphezulu kwiminyaka eli-10. Ukusetyenziswa kweemali zangaphandle kwakungu-20.38 billion zeedola zase-US, irekhodi.
Zonke iindlela zobomi zikhulula umoya odlamkileyo, odityaniswa nezibonelelo zabasebenzi abaphantsi, umhlaba kunye nerhafu, kunye nezibonelelo zamazibuko, kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wokuvula iVietnam (iVietnam kunye namanye amazwe kunye nemimandla batyikitye ngaphezulu kwesivumelwano sokurhweba simahla. ). Ezi meko zibangele ukuba iVietnam ibe sisiqwenga "sezitapile" kwimakethi esemaZantsi mpuma eAsia.
Abatyalomali abaninzi bamanye amazwe baya kugxila eVietnam, eyindawo eshushu yotyalo mali. Izigebenga zamazwe ngamazwe ezinje ngeNike, Adidas, Foxconn, Samsung, Canon, LG, kunye no-Sony zingene kweli lizwe.
Utyalomali olusebenzayo kunye neemarike zabathengi ziqhube uphuhliso olunamandla lwamashishini oveliso ahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwazo, ukubonwa kokuqhutywa kweplastikhi kunye nomzi mveliso wokuvelisa kubaluleke kakhulu. Kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo, i-avareji yenqanaba lokukhula kwishishini leplastikhi yaseVietnam lihleli malunga ne-10-15%.
Igalelo elikhulu lezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezixhobo zobugcisa
Umzi mveliso waseVietnam okhulayo uqhube isidingo esikhulu sempahla yeplastiki, kodwa imfuno yempahla eluhlaza yaseVietnam ilinganiselwe, ngenxa yoko ixhomekeke ubukhulu becala kuthengiso. Ngokwe-Vietnam Plastics Association (i-Vietnam Plastics Association), imboni yeplastikhi yeli lizwe ifuna umndilili we-2 ukuya kwi-2,5 yezigidi zeemveliso ngonyaka, kodwa i-75% ukuya kwi-80% yezinto ezingavunyelwanga zixhomekeke ekungenisweni elizweni.
Ngokubhekisele kwizixhobo zobuchwephesha, kuba uninzi lweenkampani zeplastiki zalapha eVietnam zingamashishini amancinci naphakathi, zixhomekeke ikakhulu ekungeniseni elizweni ngokobuchwephesha kunye nezixhobo. Ke ngoko, kukho imfuno enkulu yentengiso yegalelo lezixhobo zobugcisa.
Uninzi lweenkampani zoomatshini kunye nezixhobo, ezinje ngabavelisi boomatshini beplastikhi baseTshayina abanjengeHaiti, Yizumi, Bochuang, Jinwei, njl., Zilandelise ngokulandelelana iziseko zemveliso, iindawo zokugcina iimpahla, iinkxaso-mali, kunye neendawo zokuthengisa emva kokuthengisa kwindawo yengingqi, besebenzisa yexabiso eliphantsi. Kwelinye icala, inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zentengiso yendawo ekufutshane.
Umzi mveliso weplastikhi weplastikhi uvelisa amathuba amakhulu eshishini
IVietnam inezinto ezininzi eziluncedo kwishishini lokupakisha, njengokuthatha inxaxheba koomatshini bangaphandle, izixhobo kunye nabathengisi bemveliso. Kwangelo xesha, ngenxa yokwanda okuqhubekayo kokusetyenziswa komntu ngamnye ngeplastiki eVietnam, intengiso yokupakisha yeplastiki yasekhaya ikwimfuno enkulu.
Okwangoku, iinkampani ezivela eThailand, South Korea naseJapan zenza i-90% yesabelo semarike yokupakisha yeVietnam. Banobuchwephesha obuphambili, iindleko kunye neemveliso zentengiso yokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe. Kule nkalo, iinkampani zokupakisha zaseTshayina kufuneka ziqonde ngokupheleleyo amathuba emarike, ziphucule itekhnoloji kunye nomgangatho, kwaye zizame ukufumana isabelo kwimakethi yokupakisha yaseVietnam.
Ngokuphuma kwimveliso yokupakisha, i-United States kunye ne-Japan zenza i-60% kunye ne-15% yeVietnam yokupakisha eplastikini ngokulandelelana. Ke ngoko, ukungena kwimakethi yokupakisha yaseVietnam kuthetha ukuba nethuba lokungena kwinkqubo yokubonelela ngeempahla ezinje ngeMelika kunye neJapan.
Ukongeza, iinkampani zaseVietnam zasekuhlaleni azivuthwanga ngokwaneleyo kwitekhnoloji yokupakisha ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezihlala zisanda zabathengi, ke kukho imfuno enkulu yentengiso yegalelo lobuchwephesha bokupakisha. Umzekelo, abathengi baya bekhetha ukukhetha umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokusebenza okuninzi ukugcina ukutya, kodwa ziinkampani ezimbalwa zalapha ekhaya ezinokwenza olu hlobo lweemveliso zokupakisha.
Thatha ukupakisha ubisi njengomzekelo. Okwangoku, inikwa ikakhulu ziinkampani zangaphandle. Ukongeza, iVietnam ixhomekeke ikakhulu kwiinkampani zangaphandle kwimveliso yeebhegi zephepha ze-PE ezingafakwanga okanye iingxowa ezizimeleyo. Konke oku kuyinkqubela phambili kwiinkampani zokupakisha zaseTshayina ukusika kwimarike yeVietnam.
Kwangelo xesha, i-EU kunye neJapan imfuno yokungenisa iplastiki isephezulu, kwaye abathengi baya bekhetha iimveliso zeplastiki ezivela eVietnam. NgoJuni 2019, iVietnam kunye ne-EU batyikitya isivumelwano sokurhweba simahla samazwe amabini (i-EVFTA), evula indlela yokuncitshiswa kwerhafu phakathi kwe-EU kunye namazwe akuMazantsi mpuma eAsia, eya kuthi idale amathuba okukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kweplastikhi kwintengiso yaseYurophu.
Kukwabalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba phantsi kweliza elitsha loqoqosho olujikelezayo, ubuchwephesha bokupakisha obuhlaza obuzayo, ngakumbi ukonga umbane kunye neetekhnoloji zokunciphisa ukungcola, ziya kuduma ngakumbi. Kwiinkampani zokupakisha zeplastiki, eli lithuba elikhulu.
Ulawulo lweNkunkuma luba yintengiso yophuhliso
IVietnam ivelisa malunga ne-13 lezigidi zeetoni zenkunkuma eqinileyo minyaka le, kwaye lelinye lamazwe amahlanu avelisa inkunkuma eqinileyo. Ngokwolawulo lweNdalo esingqongileyo yaseVietnam, inani lenkunkuma eqinileyo kamasipala eyenziweyo kweli lizwe inyuka nge-10-16% minyaka le.
Njengokuba iVietnam ikhawulezisa inkqubo yokwenziwa kwamashishini kunye nokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini, kudityaniswa nolwakhiwo olungalunganga kunye nolawulo lokugcwaliswa komhlaba komhlaba waseVietnam, ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma eyomeleleyo eyingozi kuyaqhubeka ukwanda. Okwangoku, malunga ne-85% yenkunkuma yaseVietnam ingcwatyelwe ngqo kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma ngaphandle konyango, i-80% yayo ayihlambulukanga kwaye ibangela ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo. Ke ngoko, iVietnam ifuna ngokungxamisekileyo ulawulo lwenkunkuma. IVietnam, utyalo-mali kwicandelo lolawulo lwenkunkuma luyanda.
Ke, ngawaphi amathuba oshishino apho iimfuno zentengiso zeshishini lolawulo lwenkunkuma eVietnam ziqulathe?
Okokuqala, kukho ibango lokurisayikilisha ubuchwephesha. Uninzi lweenkampani zokurisayikilisha kunye nokurisayikilisha eVietnam ngamashishini osapho okanye amashishini amancinci anobuchwephesha obungafakwanga. Okwangoku, uninzi lweenkampani zikarhulumente zisebenzisa itekhnoloji yamanye amazwe, kwaye zimbalwa kuphela iinkampani ezinkulu zamazwe aphesheya ezineenkxaso-mali eVietnam ezinetekhnoloji yazo. Uninzi lwababoneleli ngetekhnoloji yolawulo lwenkunkuma bavela eSingapore, China, United States nakumazwe aseYurophu.
Kwangelo xesha, inqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokurisayikilisha eVietnam isezantsi, ikakhulu ijolise kwiimveliso zekhompyutha. Kukho indawo eninzi yokuhlola kwimarike yokurisayikilisha nokurisayikilisha yezinye iintlobo zeemveliso.
Ukongeza, ngokunyuka okuqhubekayo kwemisebenzi yezoqoqosho kunye nokuvalwa kwenkunkuma e-China, iVietnam iye yaba ngomnye wabathumeli beempahla zenkunkuma zeplastiki ezinkulu eUnited States. Isixa esikhulu senkunkuma yeplastiki kufuneka sigqithisiwe, esifuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo zolawulo olusebenzayo.
Ngokumalunga nolawulo lwenkunkuma yeplastiki, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona kuthathwa njengemfuno engxamisekileyo kulawulo lwenkunkuma eVietnam kunye nokukhetha okusebenzayo ukunciphisa inkunkuma engena kwindawo zokulahla inkunkuma.
Urhulumente waseVietnam ukwamkela imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yolawulo lwenkunkuma kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kuyo. Urhulumente uzama ngenkuthalo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zolawulo lwenkunkuma, njengokukhuthaza uphando kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokusebenzisa amandla amdaka ukuze isebenzise ngokupheleleyo inkunkuma kwaye iyiguqule ibe zizixhobo eziluncedo, ethi ikhuthaze ngakumbi amandla olawulo lwenkunkuma kwaye idale Amathuba oshishino kutyalo-mali lwangaphandle.
Urhulumente waseVietnam ukwakhuthaza ngenkuthalo imigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo lwenkunkuma. Umzekelo, ukuqulunqwa kwesiCwangciso-qhinga soLawulo lweNkunkuma kuZwelonke kubonelela ngenkqubo-sikhokelo eneenkcukacha zokusekwa koqoqosho olujikelezayo. Injongo kukufezekisa ingqokelela ebanzi yenkunkuma ngowama-2025. Oku kuyakuzisa isikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo kwishishini lokurisayikilisha nokuyiqhuba. Uphuhliso lwe.
Kukwafanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba iimveliso eziphambili zamanye amazwe zikwazile ukujoyina ukukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho olujikelezayo eVietnam. Umzekelo, ngoJuni 2019, iinkampani ezisithoba ezaziwayo kwimveliso yabathengi kunye nakwimizi-mveliso yokupakisha zenze umbutho wokuphinda usebenzise kwakhona (i-PRO iVietnam) eVietnam, ujonge ukukhuthaza uqoqosho olujikelezayo kunye nokuphucula ukugcinwa nokuzinza kwempahla yokuphinda isebenze kwakhona.
Amalungu asithoba alo mfelandawonye yiCoca-Cola, FrieslandCampina, La Vie, Nestle, NutiFood, Suntory Pepsi, Tetra Pak, TH Group ne-URC. I-Vietnam yase-Vietnam iphawula okokuqala kwezi nkampani zisebenzisana eVietnam kwaye zisebenza kunye ukuphucula imeko yeVietnam.
Umbutho ukhuthaza ukurisayikilisheka ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo amane aphambili, njengokukhulisa ulwazi lokurisayikilisha, ukuphucula inkqubo yokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma, ukuxhasa iiprojekthi zokurisayikilisha iiprosesa kunye nezokurisayikilisha, kunye nokusebenzisana norhulumente ukukhuthaza imisebenzi yokurisayikilisha, ukudala ukupakishwa kwempahla emva kokuthenga abathengi amathuba okushishina. kunye neenkampani, njl.
Amalungu e-Vietnam e-Vietnam anethemba lokuqokelela, ukuphinda asebenze ngokutsha, kunye nokuphinda asebenzise zonke izinto zokupakisha ezibekwe kumarike ngo-2030.
Zonke ezi zinto zingasentla zizise amandla kushishino lokulawulwa kwenkunkuma, zikhuthaze ukubekwa emgangathweni, umlinganiso kunye nokuzinza kweshishini, kwaye ngenxa yoko kuzisa amathuba ophuhliso lwamashishini.
Inxalenye yolwazi kweli nqaku ihlanganiswe kwi-Hong Kong Chamber of Commerce eVietnam.
