(African Trade Research Center) Chiyambire ufulu wake, Morocco ndi amodzi mwamayiko ochepa mu Africa omwe adadzipereka pantchito zopanga magalimoto. Mu 2014, kampani yamagalimoto idapambana mafakitale a phosphate koyamba ndipo idakhala msika waukulu kwambiri wopanga kunja.
1. Mbiri yakukula kwa msika wamagalimoto ku Morocco
1) Gawo loyambirira
Kuyambira pomwe dziko la Morocco lidapeza ufulu, lakhala limodzi mwamayiko ochepa ku Africa omwe adadzipereka pantchito zopanga magalimoto, kupatula South Africa ndi maufumu ena agalimoto.
Mu 1959, mothandizidwa ndi Gulu Loyendetsa Magalimoto ku Italy, Morocco idakhazikitsa Kampani Yopanga Magalimoto ku Moroko (SOMACA). Chomeracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalimoto amtundu wa Simca ndi Fiat, omwe amakhala ndi magalimoto okwana 30,000 pachaka.
Mu 2003, chifukwa chakusayenda bwino kwa SOMACA, boma la Moroko lidaganiza zosiya kuyambiranso mgwirizano ndi Fiat Group ndikugulitsa gawo lake la 38% pakampaniyo ku French Renault Group. Mu 2005, Renault Group idagula magawo ake onse opanga magalimoto ku Moroko ku Fiat Group, ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito kampaniyo kuphatikiza Dacia Logan, galimoto yotsika mtengo pansi pa gululo. Akukonzekera kupanga magalimoto 30,000 pachaka, theka lake amatumizidwa ku Eurozone ndi Middle East. Magalimoto a Logan mwachangu adakhala galimoto yogulitsa kwambiri ku Morocco.
2) Gawo lotukuka mwachangu
Mu 2007, makampani opanga magalimoto ku Moroko adalowa gawo lachitukuko chofulumira. Chaka chino, boma la Moroccan ndi Renault Group adasainirana mgwirizano kuti agwirizane kuti apange fakitale yamagalimoto ku Tangier, Morocco ndi ndalama pafupifupi 600 miliyoni, zomwe zimapangidwa pachaka magalimoto a 400,000, 90% yake itumiza kunja .
Mu 2012, chomera cha Renault Tangier chidayamba kugwira ntchito, makamaka ndikupanga magalimoto otsika mtengo a Renault, ndipo nthawi yomweyo adakhala chomera chachikulu kwambiri chopangira magalimoto ku Africa ndi dera lachiarabu.
Mu 2013, gawo lachiwiri la fakitale ya Renault Tangier lidagwiritsidwa ntchito mwalamulo, ndipo mphamvu zopanga pachaka zinawonjezeka mpaka 340,000 mpaka 400,000 magalimoto.
Mu 2014, chomera cha Renault Tangier ndi SOMACA yake idatulutsa magalimoto 227,000, okhala ndi 45%, ndipo akukonzekera kufikira 55% chaka chino. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhazikitsidwa ndi kukonza kwa Renault Tanger Automobile Assembly Plant kwalimbikitsa kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zamagalimoto oyandikira kumtunda. Pali mafakitore opitilira 20 azigawo zamagalimoto ozungulira fakitoleyi, kuphatikiza Denso Co, Ltd., wopanga zida zopondera ku France Snop, ndi Valeo waku France Valeo, wopanga magalasi agalimoto aku France Saint Gobain, lamba wapampando waku Japan ndi wopanga ma airbag Takata, ndi magalimoto aku America wopanga zamagetsi Visteon, pakati pa ena.
Mu Juni 2015, French Peugeot-Citroen Group yalengeza kuti ipanga ndalama za 557 miliyoni ku Morocco kuti ipange makina opangira magalimoto okwanira 200,000 pachaka. Ipanga makamaka magalimoto otsika mtengo monga Peugeot 301 kuti igulitsidwe kumisika yamakolo ku Africa ndi Middle East. Idzayamba kupanga mu 2019.
3) Makampani opanga magalimoto akhala msika waukulu kwambiri wogulitsa kunja ku Morocco
Kuchokera ku 2009 mpaka 2014, mtengo wamagalimoto ogulitsa ku Moroccan pachaka wogulitsa kunja udakwera kuchoka pa 12 biliyoni dirham mpaka 40 biliyoni zamadiramu, ndipo gawo lake pazogulitsa zonse ku Morocco lidakulanso kuchokera ku 10.6% mpaka 20.1%.
Kuwunika kwa misika yamoto yopita kumayiko ena njinga zamoto kumawonetsa kuti kuyambira 2007 mpaka 2013, misika yakutumiza njinga zamoto imakhazikika kwambiri m'maiko 31 aku Europe, akuwerengera 93%, pomwe 46% ndi France, Spain, Italy ndi United Kingdom. motero Ndi 35%, 7% ndi 4.72%. Kuphatikiza apo, kontinenti ya Africa ilinso mbali ina ya msika, Egypt ndi Tunisia ndi 2.5% ndi 1.2% motsatana.
Mu 2014, idapambana mafakitale a phosphate koyamba, ndipo msika wamagalimoto aku Moroko udakhala kampani yayikulu kwambiri yopezera kunja ku Moroccan. Nduna Yowona Zamalonda ndi Zamalonda ku Moroko Alami adati mu Novembala 2015 kuti kuchuluka kwamagalimoto ogulitsa ku Moroccan akuyembekezeka kufikira 100 biliyoni dirhams mu 2020.
Kukula mwachangu kwamakampani opanga magalimoto kwathandizira kupititsa patsogolo mpikisano wazogulitsa kunja kwa Morocco mpaka pamlingo wina, komanso nthawi yomweyo zakonzanso mkhalidwe wakuchepa kwakanthawi kwamalonda akunja aku Morocco. Mu theka loyambirira la 2015, lotsogozedwa ndi zotumiza kunja kuchokera kumakampani opanga magalimoto, Morocco inali ndi zotsalira zamalonda ndi France, mnzake wachiwiri wamkulu wogulitsa, koyamba, kufika ma 198 miliyoni.
Zimanenedwa kuti mafakitale opanga zida zamagalimoto ku Moroko nthawi zonse amakhala makampani akulu kwambiri pamsika wamagalimoto aku Moroccan. Pakadali pano, makampaniwa asonkhanitsa makampani opitilira 70 ndipo akwanitsa kutumiza kunja kwa ma dirham a 17.3 biliyoni mu 2014. Komabe, pomwe chomera cha Renault Tangier chidayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2012, kutumizira magalimoto ku Morocco kudakwera kuchokera ku Dh1.2 biliyoni mu 2010 mpaka Dh19. 5 biliyoni mu 2014, chiwongola dzanja chapachaka choposa 52%, kupitilira momwe zidaliri kale. Tumizani za makampani chingwe.
2. Msika wamagalimoto apakhomo ku Morocco
Chifukwa chakuchepa kwa anthu, msika wanyumba zamagalimoto ku Morocco ndi wocheperako. Kuyambira 2007 mpaka 2014, kugulitsa kwamagalimoto pachaka pachaka kunali pakati pa 100,000 ndi 130,000 zokha. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wochokera ku Motorcycle importers Association, kuchuluka kwa njinga zamoto kudakwera ndi 1.09% mu 2014, ndipo kuchuluka kwagulitsa magalimoto atsopano kudafika 122,000, koma kudali kotsika kuposa mbiri ya 130,000 yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2012. Mwa iwo, Renault ndi yotsika mtengo Galimoto yamagalimoto ya Dacia ndiye yogulitsa kwambiri. Zambiri zogulitsa zamtundu uliwonse ndi izi: Kugulitsa kwa Dacia magalimoto 33,737, chiwonjezeko cha 11%; Kugulitsa kwa Renault 11475, kutsika kwa 31%; Magalimoto a Ford ogulitsa 11,194, chiwonjezeko cha 8.63%; Fiat yogulitsa magalimoto a 10,074, kuwonjezeka kwa 33%; Kugulitsa kwa Peugeot 8,901, Kutsika 8.15%; Citroen adagulitsa magalimoto 5,382, chiwonjezeko cha 7.21%; Toyota idagulitsa magalimoto a 5138, chiwonjezeko cha 34%.
3. Makampani opanga magalimoto ku Morocco amakopa ndalama zakunja
Kuchokera mu 2010 mpaka 2013, ndalama zakunja zakunja zomwe zidakopeka ndimakampani opanga njinga zamoto zidakwera kwambiri, kuchokera ku 660 miliyoni dirhams mpaka 2.4 biliyoni zamadirham, ndipo gawo lake lazogulitsa zakunja lomwe lakopeka ndi mafakitale lachuluka kuchokera ku 19.2% mpaka 45.3%. Mwa iwo, mu 2012, chifukwa chomanga fakitale ya Renault Tangier, ndalama zakunja zakunja zidakopa chaka chimenecho zidafika pachimake cha dirhams za 3.7 biliyoni.
France ndiye gwero lalikulu kwambiri lazogulitsa zakunja ku Morocco. Ndikukhazikitsidwa kwa fakitale yamagalimoto ya Renault Tangier, Morocco pang'onopang'ono yakhala malo opangira akunja kumakampani aku France. Izi zidzawonekera kwambiri pambuyo pomaliza kupanga Peugeot-Citroen mu njinga yamoto mu 2019.
4.Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zamakampani opanga magalimoto ku Morocco
M'zaka zaposachedwa, makampani opanga magalimoto ku Morocco ndi amodzi mwamakampani opanga chitukuko. Pakadali pano pali makampani opitilira 200 omwe amagawidwa m'malo atatu akulu, omwe ndi Tangier (43%), Casablanca (39%) ndi Kenitra (7%). Kuphatikiza pa malo ake apamwamba, ndale zokhazikika, komanso mtengo wotsika pantchito, chitukuko chake mwachangu chili ndi zifukwa izi:
1. Dziko la Morocco lasayina mapangano a malonda aulele ndi bungwe la European Union, mayiko achiarabu, United States ndi Turkey, ndipo makampani opanga magalimoto ku Morocco amathanso kutumiza kumayiko omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa popanda misonkho.
Makina opanga magalimoto aku France a Renault ndi Peugeot-Citroen awona zabwinozi pamwambapa ndikusandutsa Morocco kukhala malo otsika mtengo opangira magalimoto otumiza kumayiko aku European Union ndi mayiko achiarabu. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa makina opangira magalimoto kumayendetsa makampani akumtunda kuti adzagulitse ndalama zawo ndikukhazikitsa mafakitole ku Morocco, potero kuyendetsa chitukuko cha makina onse ogulitsa magalimoto.
2. Pangani ndondomeko yomveka bwino yachitukuko.
Mu 2014, Morocco idapereka malingaliro ofulumira otukula mafakitale, momwe makampani opanga magalimoto akhala makampani ofunikira ku Morocco chifukwa chakuwonjezeka kwake, unyolo wautali wa mafakitale, kuyendetsa bwino kwamphamvu ndikuwongolera ntchito. Malinga ndi dongosololi, pofika chaka cha 2020, makampani opanga magalimoto ku Morocco adzawonjezeka kuchoka pa 400,000 mpaka 800,000 pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa malo kudzawonjezeka ndi 20% mpaka 65%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ntchito kudzawonjezeka ndi 90,000 mpaka 170,000.
3. Perekani misonkho ndi ndalama zothandizira.
Mumzinda wamagalimoto wokhazikitsidwa ndi boma (umodzi ku Tangier ndi Kenitra), msonkho wamakampani amakhululukidwa kwa zaka 5 zoyambirira, ndipo msonkho wa zaka 20 zikubwerazi ndi 8.75%. Misonkho wamba yamakampani ndi 30%. Kuphatikiza apo, boma la Moroko limaperekanso ndalama kwa omwe amapanga zida zamagalimoto omwe akugulitsa ku Moroccan, kuphatikiza magawo 11 m'magawo anayi akuluakulu amtambo, zipinda zamagalimoto, kupondaponda kwazitsulo ndi mabatire osungira, ndipo ndiye woyamba kubzala m'makampani 11 awa. -3 Makampani atha kulandira chithandizo pamagawo 30% azachuma ochulukirapo.
Kuphatikiza pazothandizidwa pamwambapa, boma la Moroko limagwiritsanso ntchito ndalama za Hassan II Fund ndi Industrial and Investment Fund Fund kuti zithandizire ndalama.
4. Mabungwe azachuma adzagwiranso ntchito pothandizira chitukuko cha makampani opanga magalimoto.
Mu Julayi 2015, Banki ya Attijariwafa, Banki Yogulitsa Zakunja ku Morocco (BMCE) ndi BCP Bank, omwe ndi mabanki atatu akulu kwambiri ku Morocco, adasaina mgwirizano ndi Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Zamalonda ku Moroccan ndi Moroccan Automobile Industry and Commerce Association (Amica) kuti athandizire Njira zopangira makampani opanga magalimoto. Mabanki atatuwa azipereka ntchito zandalama zakunja kuzogulitsa zamagalimoto, kufulumizitsa kusonkhanitsa ngongole zamakontrakitala, ndikupereka ndalama zothandizirana ndikuwathandiza.
5. Boma la Morocco limalimbikitsa mwamphamvu maphunziro a maluso pantchito yamagalimoto.
A King Mohammed VI adalankhula m'mawu awo patsiku lokhazikitsidwa pampando wachifumu ku 2015 kuti chitukuko cha mabungwe ophunzitsira ntchito zamakampani oyendetsa magalimoto chikuyenera kupitilizidwa. Pakadali pano, mabungwe anayi ophunzitsira luso laopanga magalimoto (IFMIA) akhazikitsidwa ku Tangier, Casa ndi Kennethra, komwe makampani opanga magalimoto amakhala okhazikika. Kuyambira 2010 mpaka 2015, matalente 70,000 adaphunzitsidwa, kuphatikiza mamanejala 1,500, mainjiniya 7,000, akatswiri 29,000, ndi ma 32,500. Kuphatikiza apo, boma limathandiziranso maphunziro ogwira ntchito. Ndalama zophunzitsira zapachaka ndi ma dirham a 30,000 kwa oyang'anira, 30,000 dirhams kwa akatswiri, ndi dirham 15,000 kwa ogwira ntchito. Munthu aliyense atha kusangalala ndi ma sapoti ali pamwambapa kwa zaka zitatu.
Malinga ndi kusanthula kwa African Trade Research Center, makampani opanga magalimoto pakadali pano ndiye makampani ofunikira komanso otsogola mu boma la Moroccan "Accelerated Industrial Development Plan". M'zaka zaposachedwa, maubwino osiyanasiyana monga mgwirizano wamalonda akunja, mapulani omveka bwino, ndondomeko zabwino, kuthandizidwa ndi mabungwe azachuma, ndi matalente ambiri agalimoto zathandizira kupititsa patsogolo makampani ogulitsa magalimoto kukhala msika waukulu kwambiri wopezera katundu kunja. Pakadali pano, malonda ogulitsa magalimoto ku Morocco makamaka amatengera msonkhano wamagalimoto, ndipo kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo opangira magalimoto kumayendetsa makampani omwe akukwera kuti adzagulitse ndalama ku Morocco, potero kuyendetsa chitukuko cha makina onse agalimoto.
South Africa Makalata Ogulitsa Magalimoto
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