Plastike nikintu dukunze gukoresha mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi. Nka mifuka ya pulasitike, amacupa yumwana, amacupa yinzoga, agasanduku ka sasita, gupfunyika plastike, nini nka firime yubuhinzi, ibikoresho, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, icapiro rya 3D, ndetse na roketi na misile, plastike zose zirahari.
Plastike nishami ryingenzi ryibikoresho bya polymer, hamwe nubwoko bwinshi, umusaruro mwinshi nibikorwa byinshi. Kubintu bitandukanye bya plastiki, birashobora gushyirwa muburyo bukurikira:
1. Ukurikije imyitwarire iyo yashyutswe, plastiki irashobora kugabanywa muri thermoplastique na siyanse ya thermosetting ukurikije imyitwarire yabo iyo ishyushye;
2. Ukurikije ubwoko bwa reaction mugihe cyo guhuza ibisigarira muri plastiki, ibisigazwa birashobora kugabanywamo plastiki ya polymerizasique na plastiki ya polycondensed;
3. Ukurikije uko imiterere ya macromolecules ikurikirana, plastiki irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: plastike amorphous na plastiki ya kristalline;
4. Ukurikije urugero rwimikorere nogukoresha, plastike irashobora kugabanywamo plastike rusange, plastiki yubuhanga, na plastiki idasanzwe.
Muri byo, plastiki-intego rusange niyo ikoreshwa cyane mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi. Rusange-intego rusange ya plastike bivuga plastike ifite umusaruro mwinshi, itangwa ryinshi, igiciro gito kandi ikwiranye nini nini. Rusange-rusange-plastiki ifite uburyo bwiza bwo kubumba, kandi irashobora kubumbabumbwa mubicuruzwa kubikorwa bitandukanye nibikorwa bitandukanye. Muri rusange plastiki zirimo polyethylene (PE), polypropilene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystirene (PS), acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene (ABS).
Iki gihe nzavuga cyane cyane kumiterere nyamukuru nikoreshwa rya polyethylene (PE). Polyethylene (PE) ifite uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya no gukoresha ibintu, nubwoko bukoreshwa cyane mubisigazwa bya sintetike, kandi ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro bwashyizwe kumwanya wa mbere mubwoko bwose bwa plastiki. Ibisigarira bya polyethylene birimo cyane cyane polyethylene (LDPE), umurongo muto wa polyethylene (LLDPE), hamwe na polyethylene (HDPE).
Polyethylene ikoreshwa cyane mubihugu bitandukanye, kandi film niyo ikoresha cyane. Ikoresha hafi 77% ya polyethylene yubucucike buke na 18% ya polyethylene yuzuye. Mubyongeyeho, inshinge zakozwe mububiko, insinga ninsinga, ibicuruzwa bidafite umumaro, nibindi byose bifata imiterere yabyo Ikigereranyo kinini. Mubintu bitanu rusange-bigamije gusubiramo, gukoresha PE biza kumwanya wa mbere. Polyethylene irashobora guhindurwa ibumba amacupa, amabati, ibigega byinganda, ingunguru nibindi bikoresho; inshinge zakozwe kugirango zikore inkono zitandukanye, ingunguru, ibitebo, ibiseke, ibiseke nibindi bikoresho bya buri munsi, izuba rya buri munsi nibikoresho, nibindi.; Gukuramo ibishushanyo Gukora ubwoko bwose bwimiyoboro, imishumi, fibre, monofilaments, nibindi. Byongeye kandi, irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukora insinga ninsinga zifata impapuro nimpapuro. Mubisabwa byinshi, ibice bibiri byingenzi byabaguzi ba polyethylene ni imiyoboro na firime. Hamwe niterambere ryubwubatsi bwimijyi, firime yubuhinzi nibiribwa bitandukanye, imyenda ninganda zipakira inganda, iterambere ryiyi mirima yombi ryagutse cyane.
