Menene polypropylene (PP) kuma menene amfanin sa?
Polypropylene (PP) shine polymer mai ƙera thermoplastic wanda aka yi shi daga haɗuwa da monomers propylene. Yana da aikace-aikace da yawa, gami da kunshin kayayyakin masarufi, sassan filastik don masana'antar kera motoci, da kayan masaku. Masana kimiyyar kamfanin Philip Oil Paul Hogan da Robert Banks sun fara yin polypropylene a shekarar 1951, daga baya kuma masana kimiyya dan kasar Italia da na Jamus Natta da Rehn suma suka yi polypropylene. Natta ya kammala kuma ya kirkiri samfurin polypropylene na farko a Spain a cikin 1954, kuma iya karfinta ya haifar da sha'awa sosai. Zuwa 1957, shaharar polypropylene ta yi tashin gwauron zabi, kuma an fara samar da kasuwanci mai yawa a ko'ina cikin Turai. A yau, ya zama ɗayan filastik ɗin da aka fi amfani da shi a duniya.
Akwatin magani da aka yi da PP tare da murfin marufi
A cewar rahotanni, bukatar da ake da ita yanzu na kayan PP a duniya ya kai kimanin tan miliyan 45 a kowace shekara, kuma an kiyasta cewa bukatar za ta karu zuwa kimanin tan miliyan 62 a karshen shekarar 2020. Babban abin da PP ke amfani da shi shi ne masana'antar kwalliya, wanda lissafin kusan 30% na yawan amfani. Na biyu shine masana'antar lantarki da kayan aiki, wanda ke cinye kusan 26%. Kayan aikin gida da masana'antar mota kowannensu yana cin 10%. Masana'antar gini na cin kashi 5%.
PP yana da danshi mai santsi kuma zai iya maye gurbin wasu samfuran filastik, kamar su giya da kayan daki wadanda aka yi da POM. Yankin mai santsi yana kuma wahalar da PP ya bi sauran wurare, ma'ana, PP ba za a iya haɗa shi da manne na masana'antu ba, kuma wani lokacin dole ne a haɗa shi ta hanyar walda. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran robobi, PP kuma yana da halaye na ƙananan ƙima, wanda zai iya rage nauyi ga masu amfani. PP yana da kyakkyawar juriya ga abubuwan ƙyama irin su man shafawa a zazzabin ɗaki. Amma PP yana da sauƙi don yin oxidized a babban zafin jiki.
Ofaya daga cikin mahimman fa'idodi na PP shine kyakkyawan aikin sarrafawa, wanda za'a iya ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar yin allura ko sarrafa CNC. Misali, a cikin akwatin maganin PP, an haɗa murfin zuwa jikin kwalban ta wurin raɗaɗin rai. Ana iya sarrafa akwatin kwaya kai tsaye ta hanyar inginin allura ko CNC. Dogayen rayayye wanda yake haɗa murfin shine takaddar filastik siririya wacce za a iya lanƙwasa ta akai-akai (motsi cikin matsanancin kewayo kusa da digiri 360) ba tare da karyewa ba. Kodayake sandararren rai da aka yi daga PP ba zai iya ɗaukar nauyin ba, ya dace sosai da kwalban kwalbar abubuwan buƙata ta yau da kullun.
Wata fa'idar PP ita ce, a sauƙaƙe ana iya haɗa shi tare da wasu polymers (kamar su PE) don ƙirƙirar filastik ɗin da aka haɗu. Mawallafin mahimmin copolymer yana canza kaddarorin kayan, kuma zai iya samun nasarar aikace-aikacen injiniya idan aka kwatanta da PP mai tsabta.
Wani aikace-aikacen da ba za a iya gwadawa ba shine PP na iya aiki azaman kayan roba ne da kayan zare.
Abubuwan da ke sama suna nufin cewa ana iya amfani da PP a aikace-aikace da yawa: faranti, trays, kofuna, jakunkuna, kwantena filastik da yawa da kayan wasa da yawa.
Menene halayen PP?
Mafi mahimmancin halaye na PP sune kamar haka:
Juriya na sinadarai: narkewar alkali da acid ba sa amsawa tare da PP, wanda ya sa ya zama babban akwati don irin waɗannan ruwaye (kamar mayukan wanka, kayayyakin taimakon farko, da sauransu).
Lasticarfafawa da tauri: PP yana da taushi a cikin wasu keɓaɓɓiyar juyi, kuma zai sami nakasar filastik ba tare da ɓarkewa a farkon matakin nakasawa ba, saboda haka galibi ana ɗaukarsa azaman abu mai "tauri". Ughara wuya lokaci ne na injiniya wanda aka bayyana azaman ikon abu don nakasa shi (nakasar filastik maimakon nakasawa ta roba) ba tare da karyewa ba.
Juriya gajiya: PP yana riƙe da fasalinsa bayan da yawa yana juyawa da lanƙwasawa. Wannan fasalin yana da mahimmanci musamman don yin sandunan rai.
Rufi: Kayan PP yana da tsayin daka kuma kayan abu ne mai rufi.
Transmittance: Ana iya sanya shi a cikin launi mai haske, amma yawanci ana yin shi zuwa launi mai launi na halitta tare da takamaiman watsa launi. Idan ana buƙatar babban watsawa, yakamata a zaɓi acrylic ko PC.
PP thermoplastik ne mai narkar da kusan digiri 130 a ma'aunin Celsius, kuma yakan zama ruwa idan ya isa wurin narkewa. Kamar sauran thermoplastics, PP na iya zama mai ɗumi da sanyaya akai-akai ba tare da wata ƙimar lalacewa ba. Sabili da haka, ana iya sake yin amfani da PP kuma za'a iya dawo dashi cikin sauƙi.
Menene nau'ikan PP?
Akwai manyan nau'ikan guda biyu: masu son yin luwadi da maɓuɓɓuka. Copolymers sun sake kasu kashi biyu copolymers da bazuwar copolymers. Kowane rukuni yana da aikace-aikace na musamman. Ana kiran PP sau da yawa azaman "ƙarfe" na masana'antar robobi, saboda ana iya yin sa ta ƙarin abubuwan ƙari a cikin PP, ko ƙera su ta wata hanya ta musamman, ta yadda za a iya gyara PP kuma ta dace don saduwa da buƙatun aikace-aikace na musamman.
PP don amfanin masana'antu gabaɗaya shine homopolymer. An saka PP mai haɗin copolymer tare da ethylene don haɓaka haɓakar tasiri. Random copolymer PP ana amfani dashi don samar da samfuran ductile da bayyane.
Yaya ake yin PP?
Kamar sauran robobi, yana farawa daga "ƙananan ɓoyayyun" (ƙungiyoyin wuta) waɗanda aka samar ta hanyar narkewar makamashin hydrocarbon kuma yana haɗuwa da wasu masu haɓaka don samar da robobi ta hanyar polymerization ko polycondensation reactions.
CNC, 3D bugu da siffofin gyare-gyaren allura
PP 3D bugawa
Ba za a iya amfani da PP don buga 3D ba a cikin nau'in filament.
PP CNC aiki
Ana amfani da PP don sarrafa CNC a cikin takardar takarda. Lokacin yin samfoti na ƙananan ƙananan sassan PP, yawanci muna yin aikin CNC akan su. PP yana da ƙarancin zafin jiki na annealing, wanda ke nufin yana da sauƙin lalacewa ta hanyar zafi, saboda haka yana buƙatar babban matakin fasaha don yanke daidai.
Injin PP
Kodayake PP yana da kyawawan kristaline, yana da kyakkyawan ruwa saboda ƙarancin narkewar narkewar sa, saboda haka yana da sauƙin fasali. Wannan yanayin yana inganta saurin abin da kayan ke cika sifar. Theididdigar ƙimar PP ya kusan 1-2%, amma zai bambanta saboda dalilai da yawa, gami da riƙe matsi, riƙe lokaci, zafin jiki mai narkewa, kaurin bangon ƙira, yanayin zafin nama, da nau'in da kuma yawan adadin abubuwan ƙari.
Sauran amfani
Baya ga aikace-aikacen filastik na al'ada, PP ya dace sosai don yin zaren. Irin wadannan kayayyakin sun hada da igiyoyi, darduma, kayan kwalliya, tufafi, da dai sauransu.
Menene fa'idodin PP?
PP yana da sauƙin samuwa kuma yana da ɗan arha.
PP yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
PP yana da santsi mai santsi.
PP yana da tabbacin danshi kuma yana da karancin shan ruwa.
PP yana da kyakkyawan juriya na sinadarai a cikin acid da alkalis iri-iri.
PP yana da kyakkyawan juriya gajiya.
PP yana da tasirin tasiri mai kyau.
PP mai kyau insulator ne na lantarki.
Menene rashin dacewar PP?
PP yana da babban coefficient na thermal fadada, wanda iyakance ta high zazzabi aikace-aikace.
PP yana da saukin lalacewa ta hanyar hasken ultraviolet.
PP yana da ƙarancin juriya ga sinadaran kara kuzari da hydrocarbons mai ƙanshi.
PP yana da wahalar fesawa a farfajiyar saboda rashin ingancin kayan mannewa.
PP yana da saurin kunnawa.
PP yana da sauki don yin kwalliya.
Duk da gazawarsa, PP gabaɗaya abu ne mai kyau. Yana da halaye masu haɗuwa na musamman waɗanda sauran kayan ba zasu iya kwatantawa ba, ma'ana, ana iya haɗa shi tare da sauran polymers don ƙirƙirar kayan haɗi, kuma ana iya ƙara abubuwa daban-daban, wanda ya sa ya zama zaɓi mafi kyau ga ayyukan da yawa.
Menene halayen PP?
Karkashin daidaitattun yanayi, ma'ana, yanayi mai dumama na 25 ° C da yanayi na matsi 1.
Sunan Fasaha: Tsarin roba (PP)
Kayan sunadarai: (C3H6) n
Lambar shaidar resin (don sake yin fa'ida):
Zafin zafin jiki: 130 ° C
Hankula allura zazzabi: 32-66 ° C
Zazzabi mai karkatar zafi: 100 ° C (a karkashin 0.46 MPa matsa lamba)
Tenarfin ƙarfi: 32 MPa
Farfin sassauci: 41 MPa
Specific nauyi: 0.91
Rinkimar raguwa: 1.5-2.0%
