Yini i-polypropylene (PP) futhi yini ukusetshenziswa kwayo?
I-Polypropylene (PP) iyi-polymer enezela nge-thermoplastic eyenziwe ngenhlanganisela yama-propylene monomers. Inezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukupakishwa komkhiqizo wabathengi, izingxenye zepulasitiki zemboni yezimoto, nezindwangu. Ososayensi bePhilip Oil Company uPaul Hogan noRobert Banks baqala ukwenza i-polypropylene ngo-1951, kwathi kamuva ososayensi base-Italy nabaseJalimane uNatta noRehn nabo benza i-polypropylene. UNatta waphelelisa futhi wahlanganisa umkhiqizo wokuqala we-polypropylene eSpain ngo-1954, futhi ikhono layo lokufaka amakhemikhali lavusa isasasa elikhulu. Ngo-1957, ukuthandwa kwe-polypropylene kwase kukhuphukile, futhi umkhiqizo omkhulu wezentengiselwano wawusuqale kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Namuhla, sekube ngomunye wamaplastiki asetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ibhokisi lomuthi elenziwe nge-PP elinesivalo esinamahenjisi
Ngokwemibiko, isidingo samanje somhlaba wonke sezinto ze-PP cishe singamathani ayizigidi ezingama-45 ngonyaka, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi isidingo sizokwenyuka sifike kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-62 ngasekupheleni kuka-2020. Isicelo esikhulu se-PP imboni yokupakisha, ama-akhawunti cishe we-30% wokusetshenziswa okuphelele. Esesibili ukukhiqiza ugesi nemishini, edla cishe ama-26%. Imishini yasendlini kanye nezimboni zezimoto ngamunye udla u-10%. Imboni yezokwakha isebenzisa ama-5%.
I-PP inendawo ebushelelezi futhi ingashintsha eminye imikhiqizo yepulasitiki, njengamagiya namaphakethe wefenisha enziwe nge-POM. Indawo ebushelelezi futhi yenza kube nzima nge-PP ukunamathela kwezinye izinto, okungukuthi, i-PP ayikwazi ukuboshelwa ngokuqinile ngeglue yezimboni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kufanele ihlanganiswe ngokushisela. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amapulasitiki, i-PP nayo inezici zobuningi obuphansi, obunganciphisa isisindo sabasebenzisi. I-PP inokumelana okuhle kakhulu kumakhemikhali awuketshezi anjengamafutha ekamelweni lokushisa. Kepha i-PP kulula ukuyifaka i-oxidize emazingeni aphezulu okushisa.
Enye yezinzuzo eziphambili ze-PP ukusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu kokucubungula, okungakhiwa ngomjovo wokubumba noma ukucutshungulwa kwe-CNC. Isibonelo, ebhokisini lemithi le-PP, isivalo sixhunywe emzimbeni webhodlela ngomnyango ophilayo. Ibhokisi lephilisi lingacutshungulwa ngqo ngomjovo we-injection noma i-CNC. Ihenjisi eliphilayo elixhumanisa isivalo yiphepha leplastiki elincanyana kakhulu elingagobeka kaninginingi (lihamba ebangeni elibi kakhulu eliseduze nama-degree angama-360) ngaphandle kokuphuka. Yize ihenjisi eliphilayo elenziwe nge-PP lingakwazi ukuthwala umthwalo, lilungele kakhulu ikepisi lebhodlela lezidingo zansuku zonke.
Enye inzuzo ye-PP ukuthi ingahlanganiswa kalula namanye ama-polymers (njenge-PE) ukwakha amapulasitiki ahlanganisiwe. I-copolymer ishintsha kakhulu izakhiwo zento, futhi ingafinyelela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamandla zobunjiniyela ngokuqhathaniswa ne-PP emsulwa.
Olunye uhlelo olungenakulinganiswa ukuthi i-PP ingasebenza njengokubili kwepulasitiki kanye nempahla ye-fiber.
Izici ezingenhla zisho ukuthi i-PP ingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziningi: amapuleti, amathreyi, izinkomishi, izikhwama, iziqukathi zepulasitiki ezi-opaque namathoyizi amaningi.
Yiziphi izici ze-PP?
Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-PP zingokulandelayo:
Ukumelana namakhemikhali: i-alkali ehlanjululwe ne-asidi ayiphenduli ne-PP, okuyenza isitsha esihle seziphuzo ezinjengalezi (okokuhlanza, imikhiqizo yosizo lokuqala, njll.).
Ukuqina nobulukhuni: I-PP inokunwebeka ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuthile bokuphambuka, futhi izobhekana nokusonteka kwepulasitiki ngaphandle kokuqhekeka kusigaba sokuqala sokweqa, ngakho-ke kuvame ukubhekwa njengento "enzima". Ukuqina yigama lobunjiniyela elichazwa ngokuthi yikhono lokokusebenza ukukhubazeka (ukusonteka kwepulasitiki kunokuguquguquka okunwebeka) ngaphandle kokuphuka.
Ukukhathala ukumelana: I-PP igcina ukwakheka kwayo ngemuva kokuphambuka okuningi nokugoba. Lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni amahinji okuphila.
Izinto zokuvala umoya: Impahla ye-PP inokumelana okuphezulu futhi iyinto yokuvikela izinto.
Transmittance: Kungenziwa umbala obala, kepha imvamisa kwenziwa umbala opaque wemvelo ngokuhanjiswa okuthile kombala. Uma kudingeka ukuhanjiswa okuphezulu, kufanele kukhethwe i-acrylic noma i-PC.
I-PP iyi-thermoplastic enendawo yokuncibilika engaba ngu-130 degrees Celsius, futhi iba uketshezi lapho ifinyelela lapho incibilika khona. Njengamanye ama-thermoplastics, i-PP ingashiswa futhi ipholile iphindaphindwe ngaphandle kokwehla okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-PP ingabuye isetshenziswe kabusha futhi itholakale kalula.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-PP?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ama-homopolymers nama-copolymers. AmaCopolymers ahlukaniswa futhi aba ngamabhulokhi ama-block kanye nama-copolymers angahleliwe. Isigaba ngasinye sinezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukile. I-PP ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "insimbi" impahla yomkhakha wepulasitiki, ngoba ingenziwa ngokungeza izithasiselo ku-PP, noma yenziwe ngendlela eyingqayizivele, ukuze i-PP iguqulwe futhi yenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza ezihlukile.
I-PP yokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwezimboni yi-homopolymer. Vimba i-copolymer PP ingezwe nge-ethylene ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nomthelela. I-copolymer engahleliwe i-PP isetshenziselwa ukwenza imikhiqizo engaphezulu ye-ductile nebala.
I-PP yenziwa kanjani?
Njengamanye amapulasitiki, iqala kusukela "kumafrakshini" (amaqembu alula) akhiwe nge-distillation ye-hydrocarbon fuels futhi ihlangana namanye ama-catalysts ukwakha amaplastiki ngokusebenzisa i-polymerization noma i-polycondensation reaction.
CNC, 3D ukuphrinta kanye nomjovo izici udini
Ukuphrinta kwe-PP 3D
I-PP ayinakusetshenziselwa ukuphrinta kwe-3D ngefomu yentambo.
Ukucubungula kwe-PP CNC
I-PP isetshenziselwa ukucutshungulwa kwe-CNC kwifomu leshidi. Lapho senza prototypes inombolo encane izingxenye PP, thina ngokuvamile enze CNC machining phezu kwabo. I-PP inokushisa okuncishisiwe okuphansi, okusho ukuthi kukhubazeka kalula ngokushisa, ngakho-ke kudinga izinga eliphakeme lekhono ukusika ngokunembile.
Umjovo we-PP
Yize i-PP inezakhiwo ezinamakhristali amancane, ine-fluidity enhle kakhulu ngenxa ye-viscosity yayo ephansi, ngakho-ke kulula ukuyilungisa. Lesi sici sithuthukisa kakhulu ijubane lapho impahla igcwalisa isikhunta. Izinga le-shrinkage le-PP cishe liyi-1-2%, kepha lizohluka ngenxa yezici eziningi, kufaka phakathi ingcindezi yokubamba, isikhathi sokubamba, ukuncibilika kwethempelesha, ukujiya kodonga, isikhunta lokushisa, nohlobo namaphesenti wezithasiselo.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa
Ngaphezu kwezicelo ezijwayelekile zepulasitiki, i-PP nayo ifaneleka kakhulu ekwenzeni imicu. Imikhiqizo enjalo ifaka phakathi izintambo, okhaphethi, izinto zokugqoka, izingubo, njll.
Yiziphi izinzuzo ze-PP?
I-PP itholakala kalula futhi ishibhile.
I-PP inamandla aphezulu okuguquguquka.
I-PP inendawo ebushelelezi.
I-PP ingubufakazi bomswakama futhi inamanzi amancane.
I-PP inokumelana okuhle kwamakhemikhali kuma-acid ahlukahlukene kanye ne-alkalis.
I-PP inokuqina okuhle kokukhathala.
I-PP inamandla omthelela omuhle.
I-PP iyisivikelo esihle sikagesi.
Yikuphi ukungalungi kwe-PP?
I-PP inomlingani ophakeme wokunwetshwa okushisayo, okubeka umkhawulo kuzicelo zayo zokushisa okuphezulu.
I-PP isengozini yokwehliswa yimisebe ye-ultraviolet.
I-PP inokumelana okuncane kumakhemikhali awuketshezi anama-hydrocarbon anamakha.
I-PP kunzima ukuyifutha phezulu ngenxa yezindawo zayo zokunamathela ezimbi.
I-PP ivutha kakhulu.
I-PP kulula ukuyifaka i-oxidize.
Yize kunamaphutha ayo, i-PP imvamisa iyinto enhle. Inezici zokuxuba ezihlukile ezinye izinto ezingakwazi ukuziqhathanisa, okungukuthi, zingaphanjaniswa namanye ama-polymers ukwakha izinto ezihlanganisiwe, futhi kunezelwa izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene, ezenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kumaphrojekthi amaningi.
Ziyini izimfanelo ze-PP?
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, okungukuthi, izinga lokushisa elingu-25 ° C no-1 umoya wokucindezela.
Igama Lobuchwepheshe: Polypropylene (PP)
Ifomula lamakhemikhali: (C3H6) n
Ikhodi yokukhomba ye-Resin (yokwenza kabusha):
Ukushisa okuncibilikayo: 130 ° C
Ukushisa okujwayelekile komjovo: 32-66 ° C
Ukushisa kokushisa okushisayo: 100 ° C (ngaphansi kwengcindezi engu-0.46 MPa)
Amandla eqine: 32 MPa
Amandla we-Flexural: 41 MPa
Amandla adonsela phansi athile: 0.91
Izinga lokuncipha: 1.5-2.0%
