Imvelaphi yegama "resin"
Iplastiki yinto enepolymer ephezulu njengeyona nto iphambili. Iqukethe i-resin synthetic kunye ne-fillers, i-plasticizers, i-stabilizers, i-lubricants, i-pigment kunye nezinye izongezo. Kukwimeko yolwelo ngexesha lokuvelisa kunye nokulungiselela ukuhambisa imodeli, Inika imilo eqinileyo xa kugqityiwe ukwenziwa. Icandelo ephambili zeplastiki - nentlaka zokwenziwa. Ii-Resins ekuqaleni zazithiywa ngee-lipids ezifihliweyo zizilwanyana nezityalo, ezifana ne-rosin, i-shellac, njl. Njl. I-resin i-akhawunti malunga ne-40% ukuya kwi-100% yobunzima bebonke beplastiki. Iipropathi ezisisiseko zeplastiki ikakhulu zimiselwe ziipropathi zentlaka, kodwa izongezo zikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo.
2. Kutheni le nto iiplastiki kufuneka ziguqulwe?
Oko kubizwa ngokuba "kukuguqulwa kweplastiki" kubhekisa kwindlela yokongeza enye okanye ezingaphezulu izinto kwi-resin yeplastiki ukutshintsha ukusebenza kwayo kwasekuqaleni, ukuphucula imeko enye okanye ezingaphezulu, kwaye ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswe injongo yokwandisa ububanzi bayo besicelo. Izinto zeplastiki eziguqulweyo ngokudibeneyo zibizwa ngokuba yi "plastiki eguqulweyo".
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uphando kunye nophuhliso lweplastikhi yamashishini ekhemikhali yenze amawaka ezinto zepolymer, ezingaphezulu kwe-100 kuphela ezinexabiso lemizi-mveliso. Ngaphezulu kwama-90% ezinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo zentlaka kwiiplastikhi zigxile kwintlaka ezintlanu ngokubanzi (i-PE, i-PP, i-PVC, i-PS, i-ABS) Okwangoku, kunzima ukuqhubeka nokuhlanganisa inani elikhulu lezinto zepolymer ezintsha, engenako ukonga okanye inyani.
Ke ngoko, isifundo esinzulu sobudlelwane phakathi kolwakhiwo lwepolymer, ulwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza, kunye nokulungiswa kweeplastikhi esele zikhona kwesi sizathu, ukuvelisa izinto ezifanelekileyo zeplastiki, ibe yenye yeendlela ezisebenzayo zokuphuhlisa ishishini leplastikhi. Umzi mveliso weplastikhi yezesondo nawo ufeze inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo kule minyaka idlulileyo.
Ukulungiswa kweplastiki kubhekisa ekutshintsheni iipropathi zezinto zeplastiki kwicala elilindelwe ngabantu ngokwasemzimbeni, imichiza okanye zombini iindlela, okanye ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko, okanye ukuphucula iipropathi ezithile, okanye ukunika iiplastikhi Umsebenzi omtsha wezinto eziphathekayo. Inkqubo yokulungiswa inokwenzeka ngexesha lokumodareyitha kwe-resin eyenziweyo, oko kukuthi, ukuguqulwa kwamachiza, njengokukopishwa komgubo, ukufakelwa, ukudibanisa, njl njl, kungenziwa kwakhona ngexesha lokulungiswa kwentlaka yokwenziwa, oko kukuthi, ukuguqulwa komzimba, ukugcwalisa kunye nokudityaniswa kwepolymerization. Ukuxuba, ukuphucula, njl. Phendula kwi "plastiki eguqulweyo" ukuze ubone okungakumbi
3. Zeziphi iindlela zokuguqulwa kweplastiki?
1. Kukho phantse ezi ndlela zilandelayo zokuguqulwa kweeplastiki:
1) Ukuqiniswa: Injongo yokwandisa ukuqina kunye namandla omathiriyeli kufezekiswa ngokudibanisa i-fibrous okanye i-flake fillers ezinje ngeglasi yefayibha, ifayibha yekhabhoni kunye nomgubo we-mica, njengeglasi yefayibha yenylon eqinisiweyo esetyenziswa kwizixhobo zamandla.
2) Ukubamba: Injongo yokuphucula ubungqongqo / ifuthe lamandla eplastikhi kufezekiswa ngokudibanisa irabha, i-elastomers ye-thermoplastic kunye nezinye izinto kwiiplastikhi, ezinje nge-polypropylene eqinisiweyo esetyenziswa kwiimoto, izixhobo zasekhaya kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso.
I-3) Ukuxuba: ngokuxuba ngokufanayo izinto ezimbini okanye ezingaphezulu ezingahambelaniyo kumxube we-macro-ehambelanayo kunye nomxube wesigaba esahlukileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile ngokubhekisele kwiipropathi zomzimba kunye nezomatshini, iipropathi ezibonakalayo, kunye nepropathi yokuqhubekeka. Indlela efunekayo.
4) Ingxubevange: efanayo nokudibanisa, kodwa ngokuhambelana okuhle phakathi kwezinto, kulula ukwenza inkqubo efanayo, kunye neepropathi ezithile ezingenakufezekiswa licandelo elinye, njenge-PC / ABS alloy, okanye i-PS eguqulweyo ye-PPO, inokuba ifunyenwe.
5) Ukuzalisa: Injongo yokuphucula iipropathi zomzimba kunye noomatshini okanye ukunciphisa iindleko kufezekiswa ngokongeza iifilthi kwiplastiki.
6) Olunye uhlengahlengiso: njengokusebenzisa iifilitha zokuhambisa ukunciphisa ukumelana kombane neeplastiki; ukongezwa kwee-antioxidants / zokuqinisa ukukhanya ukuphucula imeko yemozulu yezixhobo; ukongezwa kwee-pigment / idayi ukutshintsha umbala wento leyo, kunye nokongezwa kwezithambisi zangaphakathi / zangaphandle ukwenza izinto. semi-crystalline yeplastiki ukuphucula iipropathi zoomatshini kunye nokubonakalayo, njalo njalo.
Ukongeza kwezi ndlela zingasentla zokulungiswa komzimba, kukwakho neendlela zokuguqula iiplastikhi ngokuphendula kwamachiza ukufumana iipropathi ezithile, ezinje nge-maleic anhydride emiliselwe kwi-polyolefin, i-polyethylene crosslinking, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweeperoksayidi kwishishini lempahla eyolukiweyo. Ukuhlaziya i-resin ukuphucula iipropati zokubumba / iifayibha, njl. . Zininzi izinto ezahlukeneyo.
Umzi-mveliso uhlala usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuguqula kunye, njengokufaka irabha kunye nezinye iiarhente zokudibanisa kwinkqubo yokuqinisa ukuqiniswa kweplastikhi ukuze ungalahli amandla amakhulu empembelelo; okanye ukuxubana ngokwasemzimbeni kwimveliso ye-thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV) Kwaye ukunxibelelana kweekhemikhali, njl.
Ngapha koko, nayiphi na into eluhlaza yeplastiki iqulethe ubuncinci umlinganiso othile wezinto ezizinzisayo xa ishiya umzi-mveliso ukuyikhusela ekuthotyeni ngexesha lokugcina, ukuhambisa kunye nokulungiswa. Ke ngoko, "iiplastiki ezingaguqulwanga" ngengqondo engqongqo azikho. Nangona kunjalo, kumzi mveliso, i-resin esisiseko eveliswa kwizityalo zemichiza ihlala ibizwa ngokuba "yiplastiki engaguqulwanga" okanye "intlaka emsulwa."
