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Dzidza nezve zvakagadziridzwa mapurasitiki

Enlarged font  Narrow font Release date:2021-02-26  Browse number:364
Note: Iyo inoumbwa neyakagadzirwa resin uye mafillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, lubricants, pigments uye zvimwe zvinowedzera.

1. Kwakatangira izwi rekuti "resin"

Plastiki chinhu chine yakakwirira polymer sechinhu chikuru chinhu. Iyo inoumbwa neyakagadzirwa resin uye mafillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, lubricants, pigments uye zvimwe zvinowedzera. Iyo iri mune yakasviba mamiriro panguva yekugadzira uye kugadzirisa kugadzirisa modelling, Inopa yakasimba chimiro kana iko kugadzirisa kwapera. Chinhu chikuru chepurasitiki is synthetic resin. Resini yakatanga kutumidzwa mazita e lipid akavharirwa nemhuka nezvirimwa, senge rosin, shellac, nezvimwewo. Synthetic resins (dzimwe nguva inongodaidzwa kuti "resini") inoreva ma polymer ane ma molecular akakwirira asina kusanganiswa nemishonga yekuwedzera. Iyo resin inosvika 40% kusvika 100% yehuremu hwese hwepurasitiki. Izvo zvakakosha zveplastics zvinonyanya kutemerwa neiyo midziyo yeineti, asi zvinowedzerawo zvinoita basa rakakosha.

2. Sei mapurasitiki achifanira kuchinjwa?

Izvo zvinonzi "plastiki modification" inoreva nzira yekuwedzera imwe kana zvimwe zvimwe zvinhu mupurasitiki resin kuti ichinje mashandiro ayo epakutanga, kugadzirisa imwe kana zvimwe zvinhu, uye nokudaro kuzadzisa chinangwa chekuwedzera kukura kwayo kwekushandisa. Zvinhu zvakagadziridzwa zvepurasitiki zvakabatana zvinonzi "mapurasitiki akachinjwa".

Kusvika pari zvino, kutsvagisa nekusimudzira kwemakemikari indasitiri yemakemikari yakagadzira zviuru zvezvinhu zvepolymer, izvo zvinopfuura zana chete zvine kukosha kwemaindasitiri. Zvinopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana zvezvinhu zvinowanzoshandiswa resin mbishi zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvakaiswa mumatunhu mashanu (PE, PP, PVC, PS, ABS) Parizvino, zvakaoma kwazvo kuramba uchigadzira huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvitsva zvepolymer, izvo zvisiri zvehupfumi kana zvechokwadi.

Naizvozvo, zvakadzama kudzidza kwehukama pakati peyakaumbwa mapolymer, chimiro uye mashandiro, uye kugadziriswa kweanenge aripo mapurasitiki pachikonzero ichi, kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvitsva, yave imwe yenzira dzinoshanda dzekuvandudza indasitiri yepurasitiki. Bhizimusi repurasitiki indasitiri rakawanawo kukura kwakanyanya mumakore apfuura.

Kugadziriswa kwepurasitiki kunoreva kushandura zvivakwa zvemapurasitiki munzira inotarisirwa nevanhu kubudikidza nemuviri, makemikari kana nzira mbiri, kana kudzikisa zvakanyanya mutengo, kana kugadzirisa zvimwe zvinhu, kana kupa mapurasitiki Basa idzva rechinhu. Iyo yekushandurwa maitiro inogona kuitika panguva yekushandurwa kweiyo synthetic resin, ndiko kuti, makemikari ekushandurwa, senge copolymerization, kubatanidza, crosslinking, nezvimwewo, zvinogona kuitiswa panguva yekugadziriswa kweyakagadzirwa resin, ndiko kuti, kuchinjwa kwemuviri, senge kuzadza uye kubatanidza polymerization. Kusanganisa, kukwidziridzwa, nezvimwe. Pindura "rakachinja plastiki" kuti uone zvimwe

3. Ndedzipi nzira dzekushandurwa kwepurasitiki?

1. Kune angangoita anotevera marudzi epurasitiki modification nzira:

1) Kusimbisa: Chinangwa chekuwedzera kuomarara uye simba rezvinhu zvinoitwa nekuwedzera mafirita kana maflaya mafirita akadai segirazi faibha, kabhoni faibha, uye mica upfu, senge girazi faibha yakasimbisa nylon inoshandiswa muzvishandiso zvemagetsi.

2) Kubata: Chinangwa chekuvandudza kuomarara / kusimba kwesimba repurasitiki kunoitwa nekuwedzera rabha, thermoplastic elastomers nezvimwe zvinhu kumapurasitiki, senge rakabatanidzwa polypropylene inowanzo shandiswa mumotokari, midziyo yemumba uye zvinoshandiswa mumaindasitiri.

3) Kubatanidza: zvakafanana kusanganisa maviri kana anopfuura asingakwani anowirirana epolymer zvigadzirwa kuita macro-inoenderana uye micro-chikamu-chakaparadzaniswa musanganiswa kuzadzisa zvimwe zvinodiwa maererano nemuviri uye zvemagetsi zvivakwa, oparesheni zvivakwa, uye kugadzirisa zvivakwa. Nzira inodikanwa.

4) Alloy: yakafanana nekusanganisa, asi nekuenderana kwakanaka pakati pezvinhu, zviri nyore kuumba homogeneous system, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvisingakwanisike nechimwe chinhu, senge PC / ABS alloy, kana PS yakagadziridzwa PPO, inogona yakawanikwa.

5) Kuzadza: Chinangwa chekuvandudza epanyama uye echimakanika zvivakwa kana kudzikisa mutengo kunoitwa nekuwedzera mafiringi kupurasitiki.

6) Dzimwe shanduko: senge kushandiswa kweanodzora mafafitera kudzikisa kusagadzikana kwemagetsi epurasitiki; kuwedzerwa kwe antioxidants / light stabilizers kugadzirisa kusagadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze kwezvinhu; kuwedzerwa kwemavara / dhayi kuti uchinje ruvara rwezvinhu, uye kuwedzerwa kwemukati / ekunze ekuzora ekugadzira iwo mashandiro Kugadziriswa kweiyo semi-crystalline plastiki inovandudzwa, iyo nucleating mumiriri inoshandiswa kuchinja macristalline maitiro eiyo semi-crystalline plastiki yekuvandudza michina uye oparesheni zvivakwa, zvichingodaro.

Pamusoro penzira dziri pamusoro dzekushandurwa kwemuviri, kune dzimwe nzira dzekugadzirisa mapurasitiki nemakemikari kugadzirisa kuti uwane zvivakwa, senge maleic anhydride yakanamirwa polyolefin, polyethylene crosslinking, uye kushandiswa kwe peroxides muindasitiri yemachira. Deredza iyo resin yekuvandudza fluidity / fiber-inogadzira zvivakwa, nezvimwe. . Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana.

Iyo indasitiri inowanzo shandisa nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandura pamwechete, senge yekuwedzera rabha uye mamwe emagetsi ekugadzirisa mukugadzirisa kwepurasitiki kuitira kuti isarasikirwe nesimba rakawandisa; kana kusanganisa kwemuviri mukugadzirwa kwe thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV) Uye chemakemikari kuyambuka-kubatanidza, nezvimwe ...

Muchokwadi, chero epurasitiki mbishi zvinhu zvine angangoita chikamu chakati chemagadziriro painosiya fekitori ichidzivirira kubva mukudzikisira panguva yekuchengetedza, kutakura uye kugadzirisa. Naizvozvo, "mapurasitiki asina kuchinjwa" mupfungwa yakasimba haipo. Nekudaro, mumaindasitiri, iyo resin yakakosha inogadzirwa mumakemikari zvinomera inowanzo kunzi "isina-yakagadziridzwa mapurasitiki" kana "pure resin."

 
 
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