Ihindurwa rya plastiki ryerekeza ku bicuruzwa bya pulasitiki hashingiwe ku bintu rusange bigamije plastiki na plastiki y’ubuhanga byatunganijwe kandi bihindurwa nuburyo nko kuzuza, kuvanga, no gushimangira kunoza umuriro, imbaraga, kurwanya ingaruka, no gukomera.
Plastiki isanzwe ikunze kugira ibiranga inenge. Ibice bya pulasitike byahinduwe ntibishobora gusa kugera kumikorere yibyuma bimwe na bimwe, ariko kandi bifite ubucucike buke, ubukana bwinshi, kurwanya ruswa, kurwanya ingaruka nyinshi, imbaraga nyinshi, no kwihanganira kwambara. Urukurikirane rwibyiza, nka anti-vibration na flame-retardant, byagaragaye mu nganda nyinshi, kandi ntibishoboka rwose kubona ibikoresho bishobora gusimbuza ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike ku rugero runini kuri iki cyiciro.
Mu myaka yashize, iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda zitunganya n’inganda ku isi ryateje imbere cyane abaguzi bakeneye plastiki zahinduwe.
Muri 2018, Ubushinwa busaba plastiki zahinduwe bwageze kuri toni miliyoni 12.11, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 9.46%. Ibisabwa bya plastiki byahinduwe murwego rwimodoka ni toni miliyoni 4.52, bingana na 37%. Umubare wa plastiki yahinduwe mubikoresho by'imbere mu modoka wiyongereye kugera kuri 60%. Nkibikoresho byingenzi byimodoka byoroheje, ntibishobora kugabanya ubwiza bwibice hafi 40%, ariko kandi bigabanya ibiciro byamasoko hafi 40%. .
Porogaramu zimwe zahinduwe za plastiki mumashanyarazi
Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho bya PP (polypropilene) hamwe na PP byahinduwe bikoreshwa cyane mubice by'imbere mu modoka, ibice by'inyuma ndetse n'ibice biri munsi ya hood. Mu bihugu byateye imbere mu nganda z’imodoka, gukoresha ibikoresho bya PP ku magare bingana na 30% bya plastiki zose z’ibinyabiziga, akaba aribwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bya pulasitiki mu modoka. Ukurikije gahunda yiterambere, muri 2020, impuzandengo yo gukoresha plastike kumodoka izagera kuri 500kg / ibinyabiziga, bingana na 1/3 cyibikoresho byose byimodoka.
Kugeza ubu, haracyari icyuho hagati y’abashinwa bahinduye plastiki n’ibindi bihugu. Icyerekezo cyiterambere kizaza cya plastiki yahinduwe ifite ibintu bikurikira:
1. Guhindura plastiki rusange;
2. Plastike yahinduwe ni imikorere-yo hejuru, ikora-byinshi kandi ikomatanya;
3. Igiciro gito ninganda za plastiki zidasanzwe;
4. Gukoresha tekinoroji yo hejuru nka tekinoroji ya nanocomposite;
5. Icyatsi, kurengera ibidukikije, karubone nkeya no gutunganya plastiki zahinduwe;
6. Teza imbere inyongeramusaruro nshya kandi ihindurwe idasanzwe
Gukoresha igice cya plastiki zahinduwe mubikoresho byo murugo
Usibye ikibuga cyimodoka, ibikoresho byo murugo nabyo ni umurima aho plastiki zahinduwe zikoreshwa. Ubushinwa nigihugu gikora ibikoresho byinshi murugo. Amashanyarazi yahinduwe yakoreshejwe cyane mubyuma bikonjesha nibindi bicuruzwa kera. Muri 2018, icyifuzo cya plastiki zahinduwe mubijyanye nibikoresho byo murugo cyari hafi toni miliyoni 4.79, bingana na 40%. Hamwe niterambere ryibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, icyifuzo cya plastiki zahinduwe mubijyanye nibikoresho byo murugo cyiyongereye buhoro buhoro.
Ntabwo aribyo gusa, kubera ko plastiki zahinduwe muri rusange zifite amashanyarazi meza, zigira uruhare rukomeye mumashanyarazi na elegitoroniki.
Imbaraga z'amashanyarazi, irwanya ubuso, hamwe nubunini bwijwi mubisanzwe birashobora kuzuza byuzuye ibisabwa nibicuruzwa byamashanyarazi make. Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bikoresha ingufu nkeya biratera imbere mu cyerekezo cya miniaturizasiya, imikorere myinshi, hamwe n’umuyaga mwinshi, bisaba gukoresha ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bifite imbaraga nziza kandi birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Amasosiyete menshi yo mu Bushinwa arategura kandi plastike yihariye yahinduwe nka PA46, PPS, PEEK, nibindi, kugirango arusheho gutanga ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bikora neza cyane kubakora ibikoresho byamashanyarazi make. Mugihe cya 5G muri 2019, ibice bya antenne bisaba ibikoresho bihoraho bya dielectric, kandi ibikoresho bihoraho bya dielectric birasabwa kugirango ubuke bwihuse. Ibi bifite byinshi bisabwa kuri plastiki zahinduwe kandi bizana amahirwe mashya.
