Motar farawa gaggawa ta gaggawa
Wutar da take farawa da gaggawa ta samar da wutar lantarki ta hannu ce wacce za'ayi amfani da ita wacce aka bunkasa don masoyan mota da kuma 'yan kasuwa masu tuki da tafiya. Abin halayyar ta shine fara motar lokacin da ta rasa wutar lantarki ko ba zata iya kunna motar ba saboda wasu dalilai. A lokaci guda, ana haɗa famfon iska tare da samar da wutar gaggawa, hasken waje da sauran ayyuka, wanda shine ɗayan mahimman kayayyaki don balaguron waje.
Startingarfin farawa na gaggawa na Motar: Jigon Motar Motsa jiki
Aikace-aikacen rayuwa: motoci, wayoyin hannu, litattafan rubutu
Kayan samfur: daidaitaccen haske mai haske mai haske
Abvantbuwan amfani: fitarwa mai sauri, sake amfani da shi, šaukuwa
Nau'in baturi: batirin gubar-acid, batirin iska, batirin lithium ion
Takaitaccen gabatarwar wutar lantarki farawa da wutan lantarki:
Manufar ƙirar motar gaggawa lokacin da aka fara samar da wutar lantarki yana da sauƙin aiki, dace don ɗauka, kuma yana iya amsawa ga yanayi na gaggawa daban-daban. A halin yanzu, akwai manyan nau'ikan samar da wutar lantarki na gaggawa guda biyu da za a fara amfani da su wa motoci a kasuwa, daya nau'ikan batirin acid ne, daya kuma nau'in lithium polymer ne.
Nau'in batirin gubar-acid wanda yake farawa da wutan lantarki ya zama na gargajiya ne.Yana amfani da batirin mai dauke da gubar-acid, wadanda suke da girma babba da girma, kuma karfin batirin da yake farawa da na yanzu zai zama babba. Irin waɗannan samfuran gabaɗaya suna da injin famfo na iska, kuma suna da ayyuka kamar na wuce gona da iri, yawan caji, da ƙarin caji, da kuma kariya ta nuni na haɗin haɗi, wanda zai iya cajin samfuran lantarki iri-iri, kuma wasu samfuran suma suna da ayyuka kamar masu juyawa.
Kayan wutar lantarki na Lithium polymer na farawa na motoci yanzunnan yayi kyau.Wannan samfurin ne da ya bayyana kwanan nan.Yana da nauyi a cikin nauyi da kuma karami a girma kuma ana iya sarrafa shi da hannu daya. Wannan nau'in samfurin gabaɗaya bashi da fanfon iska, yana da aikin kashe caji sama da ƙasa, kuma yana da ƙarancin aikin haske, wanda zai iya ba da ƙarfi ga samfuran lantarki iri-iri. Hasken wannan nau'in samfurin gabaɗaya yana da aikin walƙiya ko hasken siginar ceto na SOS mai nisa, wanda yafi amfani.
Aiwatar da rayuwa:
1. Motoci: Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan fara amfani da batirin batirin gubar-acid, matsakaicin zangon shine amperes 350-1000, kuma matsakaicin halin yanzu na motocin farko na lithium polymer ya zama 300-400 amperes. Don samar da sauki, samarda wutan lantarki na gaggawa yana da karamin aiki, za'a iya daukarsa kuma zai iya jurewa.Yana da kyau mataimaki ga fara motar gaggawa.Ya iya samar da ikon farawa na taimako ga mafi yawan motocin da karamin jirgi.Haka kuma Yi amfani dashi azaman azaman mai ɗauke da wutar lantarki 12V DC mai ɗauke dashi don shirya don mota .. An yi amfani dashi a cikin yanayin gaggawa.
2. Littafin rubutu: Rashin wutar lantarki mai saurin fara aiki da gaggawa yana da karfin lantarki mai karfin 19V, wanda zai iya samar da tsayayyen wutan lantarki na littafin ajiyar don tabbatar da cewa wasu 'yan kasuwa sun fita.Yanayin batirin ajiyar littafin yana rage yanayin da yake shafar aiki Gabaɗaya, batir polymer na Mah 12000 Ya kamata su iya ba da mintina 240 na rayuwar batir don littafin rubutu.
3. Wayar hannu: Hakanan an samarda wutar lantarki mai amfani da wuta ta 5V, wanda ke tallafawa rayuwar batir da samarda wuta ga na'urorin nishadi da yawa kamar wayoyin hannu, PAD, MP3, da sauransu.
4. Hauhawar farashin kaya: sanye take da famfon iska da kuma iska iri uku, wadanda zasu iya hura tayoyin mota, bawul din hauhawar farashin kaya, da kwalla daban-daban
Iri da halaye:
A halin yanzu, ana amfani da waɗannan nau'ikan tushen farkon farkon tushen gaggawa a duk duniya, amma ko da wane iri ne, suna da buƙatu mafi girma don ƙimar fitarwa. Misali, batirin gubar-acid da ke cikin kekunan lantarki da batirin lithium a cikin cajin wayar hannu ya yi nesa da isa don fara mota.
1. Gubar acid:
a. Batirin gargajiya na gubar-acid mai fa'ida: Fa'idodi sune ƙarancin farashi, karko mai ɗorewa, ƙarancin zafin jiki mai haɗari; rashin fa'ida tana da yawa, yawan caji da kiyayewa, tsarma sulfuric acid yana da saukin zubewa ko bushewa, kuma baza'a iya amfani dashi ƙasa da 0 ° C ba .
b. Batirin da aka rufe: Fa'idodi sune farashi mai rahusa, ƙanana da šaukuwa, ƙarancin yanayin zafin jiki, ƙarancin zazzabi ƙasa da -10 ℃ ana iya amfani da shi, sauƙin kulawa, tsawon rai; hasara ita ce girma da nauyin batirin lithium suna da girma, kuma ayyukanda basu cika batirin lithium ba.
2. Lithin ion:
a. Polymer lithium cobalt oxide baturi: Fa'idodi ƙanana ne, masu kyau, masu aiki da yawa, masu ɗaukuwa, da kuma dogon lokacin jiran aiki; rashin fa'ida shine zai fashe a zazzabi mai ƙarfi, ba za'a iya amfani dashi a ƙananan zafin jiki ba, da'irar kariya tana da rikitarwa, ba za a iya yin lodi ba, ƙarfin yana kaɗan, kuma samfura masu inganci suna da tsada.
b. Lithium iron phosphate baturi: Fa'idodi ƙanana ne da šaukuwa, kyawawa, dogon lokacin jiran aiki, tsawon rai, tsayayyar zafin jiki sama da batirin polymer, kuma ana iya amfani da su a ƙarancin yanayin ƙasa da ƙasa -10 ° C; rashin fa'ida shi ne cewa yanayin zafi mai girma a sama 70 ° C basu da aminci kuma da'irar kariya tana da rikitarwa .. capacityarfin ya fi na batirin rauni rauni kuma farashin ya fi batirin polymer tsada.
3. Capacitors:
Super capacitors: fa'idodi ƙanana ne da šaukuwa, manyan fitarwa na yanzu, caji mai sauri, da tsawon rai; rashin fa'ida sun kasance marasa aminci a zazzabi mai zafi sama da 70 ℃, kewayen rikitarwa mai rikitarwa, mafi ƙarancin ƙarfi, da tsada sosai.
samfurin fasali:
1. Rashin wutar lantarki na fara motar gaggawa na iya ƙone dukkan motoci tare da fitowar batir 12V, amma keɓaɓɓen samfurin motoci da keɓewa daban-daban zai bambanta, kuma zai iya ba da sabis kamar ceto gaggawa na filin;
2. Tabbataccen LED mai haske farin fari mai haske, hasken gargaɗi mai walƙiya, da hasken siginar SOS, mai taimako mai kyau don tafiya;
3. Bayar da wutan lantarki na gaggawa na gaggawa ba wai kawai yana tallafawa farawar gaggawa ta mota ba ne, har ma yana tallafawa nau'ikan kayan aiki, gami da fitowar 5V (tallafi ga dukkan nau'ikan samfuran wayar hannu kamar wayoyin hannu), fitowar 12V (masu ba da hanya da sauran kayayyaki), 19V fitarwa (tallafawa mafi yawan samfuran kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka)), yana ƙaruwa da yawan aikace-aikace a rayuwa;
4. Wurin bada wutan lantarki na gaggawa yana da batir mai dauke da sinadarin lead-acid, kuma akwai wani babban aikin polymer lithium-ion, tare da fadi da dama;
5. Litium-ion polymer abin da ke farawa da gaggawa na gaggawa yana da tsawon rai, caji da sauke hawan keke na iya kaiwa sama da sau 500, kuma tana iya fara motar sau 20 idan ta cika caji (batirin ya bayyana a cikin 5 sanduna) (marubucin yayi amfani da wannan, ba duk alamu bane);
6. Bayar da wutar lantarki ta gaggawa batirin jagora sanye take da famfon iska tare da matsi na 120PSI (samfurin hoto), wanda zai iya sauƙaƙa hauhawar farashin kaya.
7. Bayani na Musamman: Matakin batirin mai bada wutar lantarki na gaggawa na lithium-ion polymer dole ne ya kasance sama da sanduna 3 3 kafin a kunna motar, don kar a kona masaukin da zai fara aikin gaggawa. Kawai tuna caji da shi.
Umarnin:
1. upauke birki na hannu, sanya kama a tsaka tsaki, duba mabudin farawa, ya zama cikin KASHE matsayi.
2. Da fatan za a sanya alamar gaggawa a kan tsayayyen ƙasa ko dandamali mara motsi, nesa da injin da bel.
3. Haɗa shirin jan abu mai kyau (+) na "mai saurin farawa" zuwa amintaccen lantarki na batirin da bashi da ƙarfi. Kuma tabbatar cewa haɗin yana da ƙarfi.
4. Haɗa maɓallin keɓaɓɓen kayan haɗi (-) na "farawar gaggawa" zuwa sandar da ke ƙasa, kuma ka tabbata haɗin haɗin yana da ƙarfi.
5. Duba daidaito da ƙarfin haɗin haɗin.
6. Fara motar (bai fi sakan 5 ba). Idan farawa bai yi nasara ba, da fatan za a jira sama da daƙiƙa 5.
7. Bayan nasara, cire mummunan matsa daga sandar ƙasa.
8. Cire faifan madogara mai fa'ida na "mai saurin farawa" (wanda aka fi sani da "Kuros Riba Kogin") daga kyakkyawar tashar batirin.
9. Don Allah yi cajin batir bayan amfani.
Fara caji caji:
Da fatan za a yi amfani da kayan lantarki na musamman don caji. Kafin amfani da shi a karon farko, da fatan za a caja na'urar har tsawon awanni 12. Yawanci ana iya cajin batirin lithium-ion polymer a cikin awanni 4. Ba za a ce idan an ce ya fi haka ba, zai fi kyau. Batiran-acid da ba su kulawa da kansu suna buƙatar lokutan caji daban-daban gwargwadon ƙarfin samfurin, amma lokacin caji ya fi na batirin lithium polymer yawa.
Matakan caji na lithium polymer:
1. Saka shigar da kebul ɗin caji na mata da aka shigo da shi cikin tashar shigar da caji ta gaggawa kuma ka tabbatar yana da tsaro.
2. Toshe ɗaya ƙarshen wayan caji a cikin maɓuyan bututun da aka tabbatar kuma amintacce ne. (220V)
3. A wannan lokacin, alamar caji zaiyi haske, yana nuna cewa caji yana kan aiki.
4. Bayan an gama caji, sai a kashe fitilar mai nuna alama sannan a barshi na tsawon awa 1 don gano cewa karfin batirin ya kai yadda ake bukata, wanda ke nufin an cika shi da caji.
5. Lokacin caji bai kamata ya fi awa 24 ba.
Matakan cajin batirin batirin mai kulawa da rashin kulawa:
1. Saka shigar da kebul ɗin caji na mata da aka shigo da shi cikin tashar shigar da caji ta gaggawa kuma ka tabbatar yana da tsaro.
2. Toshe ɗaya ƙarshen wayan caji a cikin maɓuyan bututun da aka tabbatar kuma amintacce ne. (220V)
3. A wannan lokacin, alamar caji zaiyi haske, yana nuna cewa caji yana kan aiki.
4. Bayan hasken mai nuna alama ya zama kore, yana nufin caji ya cika.
5. Don amfani na farko, ana bada shawarar yin caji na dogon lokaci.
maimaita:
Domin isa iyakar rayuwar motar da aka fara amfani da ita, ana ba da shawarar a ci gaba da caji inji a kowane lokaci.Idan ba a sanya wutar lantarki a cikakke caji ba, za a taƙaita rayuwar mai ba da wutar. Idan ba haka ba a cikin aiki, da fatan za a tabbatar an caji kuma an sauke shi kowane watanni 3.
Ainihin ka'idar:
Tsarin gine-ginen wutar na mafi yawan motoci dole ne ya bi mafi mahimman ka'idoji yayin zanawa, amma ba kowane mai zane bane yake da cikakkiyar fahimtar waɗannan ƙa'idodin. Wadannan sune ka'idoji shida masu mahimmanci wadanda ake buƙata a bi yayin zana tsarin gine-ginen wutar lantarki.
1. Inginin VIN mai ƙarfin shigarwa: zangon wucewa na ƙarfin batirin 12V yana ƙayyade kewayon ƙarfin ƙarfin shigarwar ƙarfin juyawar IC
Halin ƙarfin batirin motar na yau da kullun shine 9V zuwa 16V. Lokacin da injin yake a kashe, ƙarfin ƙarfin batirin motar shine 12V; lokacin da injin ɗin ke aiki, ƙarfin batirin yana kusa da 14.4V. Koyaya, a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban, ƙarfin ƙarfin wucewa zai iya kaiwa V 100V. Tsarin masana'antar ISO7637-1 yana bayyana kewayon canjin lantarki na batirin mota. Hanyoyin jujjuyawar da aka nuna a cikin Hoto na 1 da Hoto na 2 wani bangare ne na gyaran fuska da aka bayar ta hanyar mizanin ISO7637. Adadin yana nuna mawuyacin yanayin da masu sauya wutar lantarki masu ƙarfin lantarki ke buƙatar saduwa da su. Baya ga ISO7637-1, akwai wasu kewayon aiki na baturi da yanayin da aka ayyana don injunan gas. Yawancin sabbin bayanai an samar dasu ne ta masana'antun OEM daban-daban kuma ba lallai bane su bi ƙa'idodin masana'antu. Koyaya, kowane sabon mizani yana buƙatar tsarin don samun ƙarfin wuce haddi da ƙarancin ƙarfi.
2. Lissafin watsawar zafi: buƙatar watsa zafi yana buƙatar tsara bisa ga ƙimar mafi ƙasƙanci na mai canza DC-DC
Don aikace-aikace tare da raƙuman iska mara kyau ko ma babu zagayawar iska, idan yanayin zafin jiki yayi yawa (> 30 ° C) kuma akwai tushen zafi (> 1W) a cikin ƙofar, na'urar zata yi zafi da sauri (> 85 ° C) . Misali, yawancin kayan kara sauti suna bukatar a sanya su a wuraren da sukejin zafi kuma suna bukatar samar da kyawawan yanayin yawo a iska domin watsa zafi. Bugu da kari, kayan PCB da wani yanki mai sanye da tagulla na taimakawa wajen inganta ingancin turawar zafin, ta yadda za a cimma kyakkyawan yanayin narkar da zafi. Idan ba a yi amfani da matattarar zafi ba, ƙarfin watsawar zafin na firin fakin a kan kunshin an iyakance zuwa 2W zuwa 3W (85 ° C). Yayin da yanayin zafin jiki ke ƙaruwa, ƙarfin watsawar zafi zai ragu sosai.
Lokacin da ƙarfin batir ya canza zuwa ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki (misali: 3.3V), mai daidaita layi zai cinye 75% na ƙarfin shigarwa, kuma ingancinsa yana da ƙasa ƙwarai. Don samar da 1W na ikon fitarwa, 3W na wuta za'a cinye azaman zafi. Iyakantacce ta yanayin zafin yanayi da yanayin / mahaɗan yanayin zafi, ƙarfin ƙarfin fitarwa na 1W zai ragu ƙwarai. Ga mafi yawan ƙarfin lantarki DC-DC masu sauyawa, lokacin da ƙarfin fitarwa yana cikin kewayon 150mA zuwa 200mA, LDO na iya samar da tsada mafi tsada.
Don sauya ƙarfin batirin zuwa ƙaramin ƙarfin (misali: 3.3V), idan ƙarfin ya kai 3W, ana buƙatar zaɓar mai canza canjin ƙarshe, wanda zai iya ba da ƙarfin fitarwa sama da 30W. Wannan shine ainihin dalilin da yasa masana'antun samar da wutar lantarki ke zabar sauya hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki da kuma kin al'adun gargajiya na LDO.
3. Quiescent current (IQ) da kuma shutdown current (ISD)
Tare da saurin ƙaruwa a cikin adadin na'urorin sarrafa lantarki (ECUs) a cikin motoci, yawan adadin da ake amfani da shi daga batirin motar shima yana ƙaruwa. Koda lokacin da injin ke kashe kuma batirin ya ƙare, wasu rukunin ECU suna ci gaba da aiki. Don tabbatar da cewa tsayayyen IQ na yanzu yana cikin zangon sarrafawa, yawancin masana'antun OEM suna fara iyakance IQ na kowane ECU. Misali, buƙatar EU ita ce: 100μA / ECU. Yawancin ƙa'idodin motoci na EU suna ƙayyade cewa ƙimar ECU IQ ƙasa da 100μA. Na'urorin da ke ci gaba da aiki koyaushe, kamar su masu karɓar sakonnin CAN, agogo na ainihi, da kuma amfani da microcontroller a halin yanzu sune manyan abubuwan dubawa ga ECU IQ, kuma ƙirar samar da wutar lantarki tana buƙatar yin la’akari da mafi ƙarancin kasafin kuɗin IQ.
4. Gudanar da kuɗaɗen farashi: daidaitawar masana'antun OEM tsakanin tsada da bayanai dalla-dalla muhimmin lamari ne da ke shafar lissafin samar da wutar lantarki na kayan aiki
Don samfuran da aka samar cikin taro, tsada muhimmiyar mahimmanci ne da za a yi la'akari da shi a cikin ƙirar. Nau'in PCB, damar watsawa mai zafi, zaɓuɓɓukan kunshin da sauran ƙuntatawa ƙirar ƙira an ƙayyade su ta hanyar kasafin kuɗi na wani aikin. Misali, ta amfani da allon mai launi 4 FR4 da kwamiti mai layin Layer CM3, karfin yaduwar zafin na PCB zai zama daban.
Kasafin kudin aikin zai haifar da wani takura.Masu amfani zasu iya karbar ECU masu tsada, amma ba zasu bata lokaci da kudi ba wajen sauya fasalin kayan wutar gargajiya na gargajiya. Ga wasu sabbin tsarukan ci gaba masu tsada masu tsada, masu zanen kaya kawai suna yin wasu sauye-sauye masu sauki ga tsarin samar da wutar gargajiya na gargajiya da ba a yiwa kwalliya ba.
5. Matsayi / shimfidawa: PCB da tsarin abubuwa a cikin ƙirar samar da wutar lantarki zai iyakance aikin gabaɗaya na samar da wutar
Tsarin gine-gine, tsarin kwamitin kewaye, ƙararrawar amo, batutuwa masu alaƙa da almara, da sauran ƙayyadaddun shimfidawa za su ƙuntata ƙirar kayan haɗin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi. Yin amfani da ƙarfi-na-loda don samar da dukkan ƙarfin da ake buƙata zai haifar da tsada mai yawa, kuma ba shi da kyau a haɗa abubuwa da yawa akan guntu ɗaya. Masu zanen samarda wutar lantarki suna buƙatar daidaita tsarin aiki gaba ɗaya, ƙuntataccen inji, da tsada bisa ga takamaiman bukatun aikin.
6. Hasken lantarki
Yanayin lantarki da yake saurin canzawa zai samar da sinadarin lantarki.Yawan zafin ya ta'allaka ne da yawa da kuma nisan filin. Matsalar electromagnetic da kewaya ta hanyar aiki guda ɗaya zata shafi wata hanyar kai tsaye. Misali, tsangwama na tashoshin rediyo na iya haifar da jakar iska ta lalace .. Don gujewa wadannan illolin mara kyau, masana'antun OEM sun kafa iyakar iyakokin lantarki na lantarki ga sassan ECU.
Don kiyaye wutar lantarki (EMI) a cikin kewayon da ake sarrafawa, nau'in, topology, zaɓin abubuwan da ke gefe, tsarin tsara kewaye da garkuwar mai canza DC-DC duk suna da mahimmanci. Bayan shekaru masu yawa, masu zanan IC masu ƙarfi sun haɓaka fasahohi daban-daban don iyakance EMI. Aiki tare na agogo waje, mitar aiki sama da AM, kuma ginannen MOSFET, fasaha mai sauya laushi, yada fasahar bakan, da dai sauransu duk hanyoyin magance EMI ne da aka gabatar a shekarun baya.
