Gawo loyamba: kusanthula ndi kusinkhasinkha kwa zojambula za 2D ndi 3D za malonda, zomwe zikuphatikizidwazo zikuphatikizapo izi:
1. Masamu a mankhwala.
2. Kukula kwazinthu, kulolerana ndi kapangidwe kake.
3. Zofunikira zaukadaulo wa malonda (mwachitsanzo, luso laukadaulo).
4. Dzinalo, kupindika ndi mtundu wa pulasitiki wogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga.
5. Zowonekera pamwamba pazogulitsa.
Gawo 2: Sankhani mtundu wa jakisoni
Mafotokozedwe a jakisoni amatsimikizika makamaka kutengera kukula ndi kupanga kwa zinthu zapulasitiki. Posankha makina opangira jekeseni, wopanga amalingalira kwambiri kuchuluka kwake kwa pulasitiki, kuchuluka kwa jakisoni, kukakamira, malo ogwira ntchito munkhokwe (mtunda pakati pa zingwe zomangira jekeseni), modulus, mawonekedwe ochotsera ndikukhazikitsa kutalika. Ngati kasitomala wapereka mtundu kapena mtundu wa jakisoni wogwiritsidwa ntchito, wopanga ayenera kuwunika magawo ake. Ngati zofunikira sizingakwaniritsidwe, ayenera kukambirana ndi kasitomala m'malo mwake.
Gawo 3: Dziwani kuchuluka kwa mipata ndikukonzekera ming'aluyo
Chiwerengero cha mipangidwe ya nkhungu chimatsimikizika makamaka malinga ndi malo omwe akuwonetserako, mawonekedwe ake (okhala kapena osakoka mbali), kulondola kwa malonda, kukula kwa batch ndi maubwino azachuma.
Chiwerengero cha mipata chimatsimikizika makamaka potengera izi:
1. Gulu lazopanga (mtanda wa pamwezi kapena mtanda wapachaka).
2. Kaya mankhwala ali ndi mbali pachimake kukoka ndi njira yake yothandizira.
3. Makulidwe akunja a nkhungu ndi malo ogwira ntchito a jekeseni wopangira jekeseni (kapena mtunda pakati pa zingwe zomangira za jakisoni).
4. Kulemera kwa katundu ndi jekeseni wa makina opangira jekeseni.
5.Dera lojambulidwa ndi mphamvu yolumikizira mankhwala.
6. Kulondola kwazinthu.
7. Mtundu wa mankhwala.
8. Zopindulitsa zachuma (mtengo wopangira gawo lililonse).
Izi nthawi zina sizimaletsana, chifukwa chake pozindikira dongosolo lakapangidwe, kulumikizana kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zofunikira zake zikwaniritsidwa. Pambuyo poti chiwerengero cha kugonana kwamphamvu chatsimikizika, makonzedwe am'mbali ndi masanjidwe amalo amachitika. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphako kumakhudza kukula kwa nkhungu, kapangidwe kake ka gating, kayendedwe kabwino ka gating, kapangidwe kazomwe zimakoka (zotchinga), kapangidwe kazomwe zimayikidwa komanso kapangidwe ka wothamanga wotentha dongosolo. Mavuto omwe ali pamwambapa akukhudzana ndikusankha malo ogawikana pamwamba ndi malo amchipata, chifukwa chake pakupanga kwake, zosintha zofunikira ziyenera kupangidwa kuti zikwaniritse mapangidwe abwino kwambiri.
Gawo 4: Sankhani malo ogawa
Malo omwe adalekanitsa adanenedwa mwazithunzi zina zakunja, koma mumapangidwe ambiri a nkhungu, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi ogwira ntchito pachikombole. Nthawi zambiri, malo okhala munthawi ya ndege ndi osavuta kuthana nawo, ndipo nthawi zina mawonekedwe amitundu itatu amakumana nawo. Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa kumtunda wotsalira. Kusankhidwa kwa malo ogawikana kuyenera kutsatira mfundo izi:
1. Sizimakhudza mawonekedwe a malonda, makamaka pazogulitsa zomwe zili ndi zofunikira pakapangidwe kake, ndipo chidwi chachikulu chiyenera kulipidwa pakutha kwa zomwe zawonongeka.
2. Zimathandiza kutsimikizira kulondola kwa malonda.
3.Kuthandizira kukonza nkhungu, makamaka kukonza matumba. Woyamba kuchira.
4. Kuthandizira kapangidwe katsanulira, makina otulutsa utsi ndi makina ozizira.
5. onetsani kuwonongeka kwa malonda ndikuonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawo asiyidwa pambali pa nkhungu wosunthayo chikatsegulidwa.
6. Yabwino kuyika zitsulo.
Mukamapanga njira yofananira, ikuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti ndiyotetezeka komanso yodalirika, ndikuyesera kupewa kusokonezedwa ndi makina oyikirako, apo ayi njira yoyamba yobwererera iyenera kuyikidwa pachikombole.
Gawo 6: Chitsimikizo cha nkhungu m'munsi ndikusankha magawo wamba
Zomwe zili pamwambazi zitatsimikizika, maziko a nkhungu adapangidwa molingana ndi zomwe zatsimikizika. Mukamapanga nkhungu, sankhani nkhungu momwe mungathere, ndikudziwitseni mawonekedwe, malingaliro ndi makulidwe a mbale ya A ndi B pamiyeso ya nkhungu. Mbali Standard monga mbali ambiri muyezo ndi mbali nkhungu enieni muyezo. Zigawo wamba monga zomangira. Mbali zakuthambo monga mphete yolozera, malaya apachipata, ndodo yokankhira, kukankhira chubu, chitsogozo cholozera, malaya owongolera, masika apadera a kasupe, kuzirala ndi zotenthetsera, njira yachiwiri yolekanitsa ndi zigawo zofunikira pakukhazikitsa mwatsatanetsatane, ndi zina zotero. kuti mukamapanga nkhungu, mugwiritse ntchito nkhungu zofananira ndi magawo ena momwe mungathere, chifukwa gawo lalikulu lazigawo lakhala likugulitsidwa ndipo limatha kugulidwa pamsika nthawi iliyonse. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakufupikitsa nthawi yopanga ndikuchepetsa ndalama zopangira. zopindulitsa. Kukula kwa wogula kumatsimikizika, kuwerengera kofunikira ndi kuwerengera koyenera kuyenera kuchitidwa pamagawo oyenera a nkhungu kuti awone ngati mawonekedwe oyambira ali oyenera, makamaka pazowumba zazikulu. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka.
Gawo 7: Kapangidwe ka gating system
Kapangidwe ka ma gating akuphatikizira kusankha wothamanga wamkulu komanso kutsimikiza kwa mawonekedwe oyenda modutsa ndikukula kwa wothamangayo. Ngati chipata chogwiritsira ntchito chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kuti awonetsetse kuti othamanga agwa, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa pamapangidwe a chipangizocho. Mukamapanga makina otsegulira, gawo loyamba ndikusankha malo a chipata. Kusankhidwa koyenera kwa malo azipata kumakhudza mtundu wa mankhwalawo ngati jekeseniyo ingayendere bwino. Kusankhidwa kwa chipata kuyenera kutsatira mfundo izi:
1. Malo oyimilira pa chipata ayenera kusankhidwa momwe angathere pamalo omwe analekanitsa kuti athandize kukonza nkhungu ndi kuyeretsa pachipata.
2. Mtunda wapakati pa chipata ndi magawo osiyanasiyana am'mbali uyenera kukhala wosasinthasintha momwe ungathere, ndipo ndondomekoyi iyenera kukhala yayifupi kwambiri (makamaka kumakhala kovuta kukwaniritsa kaphokoso kakang'ono).
3. Chipata chikuyenera kuonetsetsa kuti pulasitiki ikalowetsedwa mu mphako, imayang'anizana ndi gawo lalikulu ndi linga lokulirapo mchimbamo kuti pakhale polasitiki.
4. Pewani pulasitiki kuti isathamangire molunjika kukhoma lamkati, pakati kapena kulowetsa ikamayenderera m'mimbamo, kuti pulasitikiyo izitha kulowa m'malo onse amphako mwachangu, komanso kupewa kupindika kwa maziko kapena kulowetsa.
5. Yesetsani kupewa kupanga zipsera za mankhwala. Ngati ndi kotheka, pangani zipsera zosungunuka kuti ziwonekere m'malo osafunikira a malonda.
6. Malo opita pachipata ndi mayikidwe ake a jekeseni wapulasitiki ayenera kukhala kuti pulasitikiyo imatha kuyenda molingana motsatira njira yofananira yamimbayo ikalowetsedwa mu mphako, ndipo imathandizira kutulutsa mpweya m'phimbamo.
7. Chipata chiyenera kupangidwa pamalo osavuta kwambiri kuti achotsedwe, ndikuwonekera kwa malonda sikuyenera kukhudzidwa momwe zingathere.
Gawo 8: kapangidwe ka ejector system
Mitundu yotsitsa imatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: ejection ejection, hydraulic ejection, ndi pneumatic ejection. Kutulutsa kwamakina ndikulumikizana komaliza mu jekeseni wa jekeseni. Kutulutsa kwamtunduwu kumatha kutsimikizira mtundu wa malonda. Chifukwa chake, kutulutsa kwazinthu sikunganyalanyazidwe. Mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuwonedwa popanga dongosolo la ejector:
1. Pofuna kupewa kuti mankhwalawa asapunduke chifukwa chothamangitsidwa, cholinga chake chizikhala choyandikira kwambiri kapena gawo lomwe limakhala lovuta kuligwetsa, monga cholembera chopingasa, chomwe chimachotsedwa ndi chubu chokankhira. Makonzedwe azitunda ayenera kukhala oyenera momwe angathere.
2. Choikidwirapo chiyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti chinthucho chitha kupirira mphamvu zazikuluzikulu ndipo gawolo ndi kukhazikika kwabwino, monga nthiti, ma flanges, ndi m'mbali mwa khoma lazinthu zamtundu wa zipolopolo.
3. Yesetsani kupewa mfundo yomwe ingagwire malo ocheperako kuti muteteze katunduyo. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zopangidwa ndi chipolopolo ndi zopanga zama cylindrical nthawi zambiri zimachotsedwa ndimakankhidwe.
4. Yesetsani kupewa zotsitsa kuti zisakhudze mawonekedwe ake. Chipangizocho chimayenera kukhala pamalo obisika kapena osakongoletsa malonda. Pazogulitsa zowonekera, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa pakusankhidwa kwa mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe akuchotsera.
5. Kuti apange mankhwala yunifolomu mphamvu pa ejection, ndi kupewa mapindikidwe mankhwala chifukwa cha vakuyumu kumamatira, ejection gulu kapena mawonekedwe apadera ejection kachitidwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga kukankha ndodo, Kankhani mbale kapena Kankhani ndodo, ndi kukankhira chubu gulu la Ejector, kapena gwiritsani ntchito ndodo yolowetsa mpweya, choletsa ndi zida zina, ngati kuli kofunikira, valavu yolowera mpweya iyenera kukhazikitsidwa.
Gawo 9: Kupanga kwa dongosolo lozizira
Kapangidwe kazinthu zoziziritsa ndi ntchito yotopetsa, ndipo kuzirala, kuzirala kofananira komanso momwe dongosolo lozizira limapangidwira nkhungu ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Kapangidwe kazinthu zoziziritsa kukhosi kali ndi izi:
1. Makonzedwe amachitidwe ozizira ndi mawonekedwe apadera a makina ozizira.
2. Kukhazikitsa kwa malo ndi kukula kwa makina ozizira.
3. Wozizilitsa mbali zazikulu monga kusunthira pachimake pachitsanzo kapena kuyika.
4. Kuzirala kwazithunzi zammbali ndi zotsekemera zammbali.
5. Mapangidwe azinthu zoziziritsa kukhosi komanso kusankha kwa zinthu zoziziritsa kukhosi.
6. Kapangidwe kazisindikizo.
Gawo lakhumi:
Chida chowongolera pachikombole cha jekeseni la pulasitiki chatsimikizika pakagwiritsidwe ntchito koyambira. Nthawi zonse, opanga amangofunikira kusankha molingana ndi mawonekedwe a nkhungu. Komabe, zida zowongolera mwatsatanetsatane zikafunika kuti zikhazikike malinga ndi zomwe akufuna, wopanga ayenera kupanga mapangidwe ena malinga ndi kapangidwe kake. Kuwongolera konseku kumagawika: kalozera pakati pazosunthika ndi nkhungu lokhazikika; kalozera pakati mbale ndi Kankhani mbale wokhazikika wa ndodo Kankhani; kalozera pakati ndodo mbale Kankhani ndi Chinsinsi makina; chitsogozo pakati pa maziko okhazikika a nkhungu ndi mtundu wa pirated. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kulondola kwa machining kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kwakanthawi, kulondola kofananira kwa chida chowongolera kumachepa, zomwe zingakhudze kulondola kwa malonda. Chifukwa chake, gawo loyika mwandondomeko liyenera kupangidwa padera pazogulitsazo ndizofunikira kwambiri. Zina zasinthidwa, monga ma cones. Zipini zosanjikiza, mabatani oyika, ndi zina zambiri zilipo kuti zisankhidwe, koma zida zowongolera mwatsatanetsatane ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa mwapadera molingana ndi kapangidwe kake.
Gawo 11: Kusankhidwa kwa chitsulo cha nkhungu
Kusankhidwa kwa zida zopangira nkhungu (zotsekera, pachimake) zimatsimikizika molingana ndi kukula kwa mtanda wa malonda ndi mtundu wa pulasitiki. Pazinthu zowala kwambiri kapena zowonekera, 4Cr13 ndi mitundu ina ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosagwira dzimbiri kapena chitsulo cholimbitsa zaka chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pazinthu zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki zolimbitsa galasi, Cr12MoV ndi mitundu ina yachitsulo cholimba chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zinthu zakuthupi ndi PVC, POM kapena zili ndi lawi lamoto, zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri ziyenera kusankhidwa.
Masitepe khumi ndi awiri: Jambulani chojambula cha msonkhano
Pambuyo masanjidwe nkhungu m'munsi ndi okhutira zokhudzana anatsimikiza, chojambula msonkhano akhoza kujambula. Pojambula zojambula pamsonkhano, makina osankhidwa, makina ozizira, makina okoka, makina otulutsa, ndi zina zambiri adalumikizidwa ndikukonzedwa bwino kuti akwaniritse bwino kapangidwe kake.
Gawo lakhumi ndi chitatu: kujambula zigawo zazikulu za nkhungu
Mukamajambula patsekeke kapena pachithunzi choyambirira, ndikofunikira kuti muone ngati mapangidwe owumbidwa, kulolerana ndi malingaliro azogwirizana ndizogwirizana, komanso ngati kapangidwe kake kamagwirizana ndi kapangidwe kazinthuzo. Nthawi yomweyo, kupangika kwa pakhosi ndi pachimake pokonza ndi makina ndi kudalirika pakugwiritsa ntchito kuyeneranso kuganiziridwa. Mukamajambula gawo lazithunzi, pomwe formwork imagwiritsidwa ntchito, magawo ena kupatula mawonekedwe omwe amakopedwa, ndipo magawo ambiri azithunzi sangachotsedwe.
Gawo 14: Kuwonetseratu zojambula zojambula
Kamangidwe ka nkhungu ikamalizidwa, wopanga nkhunguyo amatumiza zojambula ndi zina zoyambirira kwa woyang'anira kuti awerenge.
Wowerengera wowerengera ayeneranso kuwerengera momwe akukhudzidwira, mfundo zogwirira ntchito, ndi kuthekera kwa magwiridwe antchito a nkhungu molingana ndi kapangidwe kofunikira kamene kasitomala amapatsa komanso zofunika kwa kasitomala.
Gawo 15: Chojambulira zojambula zojambula
Chojambula cha nkhungu chikamalizidwa, chiyenera kutumizidwa nthawi yomweyo kwa kasitomala kuti avomereze. Pokhapokha kasitomala atavomereza, nkhungu imatha kukonzekera ndikupanga kupanga. Pamene kasitomala ali ndi malingaliro akulu ndipo akufunika kusintha kwakukulu, ayenera kukonzedwanso kenako ndikuperekedwa kwa kasitomala kuti avomereze mpaka kasitomala akhutira.
Gawo 16:
Dongosolo utsi amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kuonetsetsa kuti khalidwe la akamaumba mankhwala. Njira za utsi ndi izi:
1. Gwiritsani ntchito kagawo ka utsi. Malo otulutsira utsi nthawi zambiri amakhala kumapeto kwa mimbamo kuti mudzaze. Kuzama kwa poyambira kumasiyana ndi ma pulasitiki osiyanasiyana, ndipo kumatsimikizika ndi chilolezo chololedwa kwambiri pulasitiki ikapanda kutulutsa.
2. Gwiritsani ntchito kusiyana kofananira kwa ma cores, ma insert, ndodo zowakankhira, ndi zina zotero kapena mapulagi apadera otulutsa utsi.
3. Nthawi zina kuti tipewe kusungunuka kwa ntchito yomwe ikuchitika chifukwa chochitika pamwambapa, ndikofunikira kupanga chotsitsa cha utsi.
Kutsiliza: Potengera ndondomekoyi pamwambapa, zina mwazinthu zitha kuphatikizidwa ndikuziwona, ndipo zina ziyenera kuganiziridwa mobwerezabwereza. Chifukwa zinthu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsutsana, tiyenera kupitiliza kuwonetserana ndikugwirizana wina ndi mzake pakupanga kuti tipeze chithandizo chabwino, makamaka zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nkhungu, tiyenera kuzilingalira mozama, ndipo nthawi zambiri timaganizira mapulani angapo nthawi imodzi . Kapangidwe kameneka kamalemba zabwino ndi zoyipa za gawo lililonse momwe zingathere, ndikuwunika ndikuwongolera m'modzi ndi m'modzi. Zapangidwe zimakhudza kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nkhungu, ndipo zoyipa zake zitha kupangitsa kuti nkhungu yonse iwonongeke. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe ka nkhungu ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti nkhungu ndiyabwino, ndipo kapangidwe kake ndi ukadaulo woyenera.
