Amashanyarazi ya biodegradable arashobora kugabanywamo ibice bishingiye kuri bio-plastike yangirika hamwe na peteroli ishingiye kuri peteroli ukurikije inkomoko yabyo. Byakoreshejwe mubice byinshi nkibikoresho byo kumeza, gupakira, ubuhinzi, imodoka, kwivuza, imyenda, nibindi. Ubu abakora peteroli nini ku isi bohereje. Ibinyabuzima byangiza plastike bihatira gukoresha amahirwe yisoko hakiri kare. Niba rero inshuti zacu mubikorwa bya plastike zishaka kubona umugabane winganda zibora ibinyabuzima, twakomeza dute? Nigute dushobora gutandukanya ibinyabuzima bishingiye kuri bio na peteroli ishingiye kuri plastiki yangirika? Nibihe bikoresho hamwe nikoranabuhanga muburyo bwibicuruzwa nurufunguzo, kandi mubihe bihe ibikoresho byangirika bishobora kubora kugirango bigere kubisanzwe ......
Polypropilene (Polypropilene) ni ibikoresho bya polymer bikoreshwa cyane, byitwa PP, bifite imiterere myiza ya thermoplastique. Bitewe nuburyo butagira ibara, impumuro nziza kandi idafite ubumara bwumubiri, kuri ubu ikoreshwa nka plastiki yoroheje-igamije rusange. Polypropilene ifite imikorere myiza, umutekano nuburozi, igiciro gito kandi cyoroshye kubona ibikoresho fatizo, kandi ibicuruzwa byateguwe nibikoresho byoroshye kandi bitangiza ibidukikije. Yakoreshejwe mubipfunyika ibicuruzwa, ibikoresho fatizo bya chimique, ibice byimodoka, imiyoboro yubwubatsi nindi mirima.
1. Intangiriro kubikorwa byo gukora ibicuruzwa bya polypropilene
Mu myaka ya za 1950, ubushakashatsi kuri tekinoroji ya polipropilene bwatangiye. Kuva muburyo gakondo bwa solvent polymerisation (bizwi kandi nkuburyo bwibyondo) kugeza kuburyo bunoze bwo gukemura polymerisiyoneri, bwateye imbere kugeza ubu icyiciro cyamazi cyinshi hamwe na gaz icyiciro cya polymerisation. Hamwe niterambere rihoraho ryibikorwa byumusaruro, cyane cyane polymerisation ya solvent polymerisation Amategeko ntagikoreshwa muruganda.
Hirya no hino ku isi hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya polypropilene, umusaruro wa basell wa buri mwaka wa polypropilene urenga 50% by’umusaruro rusange w’isi, cyane cyane ukoresheje inzira ya gazi ya Spheripol double-loop; hiyongereyeho, synthesis ya Spherizone polypropilene yakozwe na basell yatejwe imbere ishyirwa mubikorwa. Ikoranabuhanga, inzira ya synthesis ya Borstar polypropilene yatejwe imbere kandi ishyirwa mubikorwa na Borealis yakoreshejwe cyane.
1.1 Inzira ya spheripol
Ikoreshwa rya Spheripol double-loop gazi ya polypropilene yateye imbere kandi ishyirwa mubikorwa na basell nuburyo bushya bwuburambe bwa polipropilene synthesis. Ugereranije nuburyo gakondo bwo gukora, ibicuruzwa byakozwe na polypropilene bifite ireme ryiza nibisohoka binini.
Ibisekuru bine bya catalizator byatejwe imbere. Kugeza ubu, hashyizweho reaction ya polypropilene synthesis ifite imiterere-ibiri-yubatswe, kandi ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byiza bya polypropilene byakozwe hashingiwe kuri iki gikorwa. Imiterere ya double-loop tube irashobora kubona ibicuruzwa bya polypropilene nibikorwa byiza muguhindura umuvuduko mugikorwa cya synthesis, kandi ikanamenya kugenga ubwinshi bwa macropolecules ya polypropilene na morphologie ya macromolecules; igisekuru cya kane cataliste yabonetse nyuma yiterambere ryinshi, Igicuruzwa cya polypropilene catalizike gifite isuku ryinshi, imiterere yimashini nziza, hamwe no kwihanganira kwambara.
Bitewe no gukoresha imiterere-ya-reaction ya reaction ya reaction, ibikorwa byo gukora birashobora kuba byiza; umuvuduko wa reaction uriyongera, nuko hydrogène yibikorwa byose byakozwe byiyongera, bitezimbere imitungo itandukanye yibicuruzwa bya polypropilene kurwego runaka; icyarimwe, hashingiwe kumiterere yuburyo bubiri-impeta yububiko Irashobora gukora umusaruro ugereranije na macromolecules yujuje ubuziranenge hamwe n’ibicuruzwa bito bya polipropilene, ku buryo ibipimo bya molekuline bikwirakwizwa n’ibicuruzwa byakozwe na polypropilene ari binini, kandi byabonye polipropilene ibicuruzwa ni bimwe.
Iyi miterere irashobora guteza imbere ihererekanyabubasha hagati yibikoresho bya reaction. Niba uhujwe na catalizike yateye imbere cyane, ibicuruzwa bya polypropilene nibikorwa byiza bizategurwa mugihe kizaza. Imiterere ya reaction ya double loop itezimbere umusaruro, ituma inzira yumusaruro yoroha kandi ihinduka, kandi kurwego runaka byongera umusaruro wibicuruzwa bya polypropilene.
1.2 Inzira ya Spherizone
Kubera ubwiyongere bukenewe kuri bimodal polypropilene, basell yateje imbere uburyo bushya bwo gukora. Inzira ya Spherizone ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora bimodal polypropilene. Udushya twinshi mubikorwa byumusaruro ni uko muri reaktor imwe, reaction iracitsemo ibice, kandi ubushyuhe bwibisubizo, umuvuduko wibisubizo hamwe nigitutu cya reaction muri buri karere gashobora kugenzurwa kugiti cye. Ubwinshi bwa hydrogène buzenguruka mukarere ka reaction hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwumusaruro hamwe nuburyo umusaruro ushobora kugenzurwa mugihe gikomeza gukura kwa molekuline ya polypropilene mugihe ikomatanya polypropilene. Ku ruhande rumwe, bimodal polypropilene hamwe nibikorwa byiza irahuzwa. Kurundi ruhande, ibicuruzwa bya polypropilene byabonetse bifite uburinganire bwiza.
1.3 Inzira ya Borstar
Gahunda ya synthesis ya Borstar polypropilene ishingiye kuri gahunda ya synthesis ya polypropilene ya basell Corporation na Borealis, ishingiye ku miterere ya reaction ya double-loop, kandi reaction ya gaze ya fasi ya gazi ihujwe ikurikiranye icyarimwe, bityo ikabyara polypropilene ikora neza . ibicuruzwa.
Mbere yibi, inzira zose za synthesis ya polypropilene yagenzuraga ubushyuhe bwa reaction kuri 70 ° C kugirango hirindwe kubyara ibibyimba mugihe cyumusaruro kandi bigatuma ibicuruzwa bya polypropilene bihuza kimwe. Inzira ya Borstar yateguwe na Borealis ituma ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bukora, bushobora no kurenga agaciro gakomeye k'ibikorwa bya propylene. Ubwiyongere bwubushyuhe nabwo butera kwiyongera kwingutu zikorwa, kandi ntanubwo habaho ibisebe mubikorwa, nubwoko bwimikorere. Nibikorwa byiza bya polipropilene.
Ibiranga ibintu biranga inzira byakozwe muri make kuburyo bukurikira: Icya mbere, ibikorwa bya catalizator ni byinshi; icya kabiri, reaction ya gaze ya gazi ihujwe murukurikirane hashingiwe kumyuka ibiri ya loop tube, ishobora kurushaho kugenzura misile ya molekile hamwe na morphologie ya macromolecule; Icya gatatu, buri mpinga yabonetse mugihe cyo gukora bimodal polypropilene irashobora kugera kuri molekile ntoya ikwirakwizwa, kandi ubwiza bwibimodal nibyiza; icya kane, ubushyuhe bwo gukora bwiyongera, na molekile ya polypropilene ibuzwa gushonga muri phenomenon ya propylene ntabwo izatera ibicuruzwa bya polypropilene gukomera kurukuta rwimbere rwa reaction.
2. Iterambere mugukoresha polypropilene
Polypropilene (Polypropilene) yakoreshejwe mubice byinshi nko gupakira ibicuruzwa, ibikenerwa bya buri munsi, gukora imodoka, ibikoresho byubwubatsi, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, nibindi bitewe nibikorwa byayo bikuze, bihendutse kandi byoroshye kubona ibikoresho fatizo, umutekano, non -ibicuruzwa byangiza kandi bitangiza ibidukikije. Bitewe nubu gukurikirana ubuzima bwicyatsi nibindi bisabwa kugirango habeho kurengera ibidukikije, polypropilene yasimbuye ibikoresho byinshi n’ibidukikije bitangiza ibidukikije.
2.1 Gutezimbere ibicuruzwa bya polypropilene kumiyoboro
Umuyoboro usanzwe wa copolymer polypropilene, uzwi kandi nka PPR, ni kimwe mu bicuruzwa bisabwa cyane muri iki gihe. Ifite imashini nziza kandi irwanya ingaruka zikomeye. Umuyoboro wateguwe muriwo nkibikoresho fatizo ufite imbaraga za mashini, uburemere bworoshye, no kwambara birwanya. Kurwanya ruswa kandi byoroshye gutunganya neza. Kubera ko ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi n’amazi ashyushye, ifite igihe kirekire cya serivisi ishingiye ku kugenzura ubuziranenge, ibicuruzwa byiza no guhagarara neza, kandi yakoreshejwe cyane mu gutwara amazi akonje kandi ashyushye.
Bitewe n'imikorere ihamye, umutekano no kwizerwa, hamwe nigiciro cyiza, yashyizwe kurutonde nkibikoresho byasabwe guhuza minisiteri yubwubatsi nizindi nzego zibishinzwe. Igomba gusimbuza buhoro buhoro imiyoboro gakondo hamwe nicyatsi kibungabunga ibidukikije nka PPR. Ku bushake bwa guverinoma, igihugu cyanjye kirimo kubakwa. Kurenga 80% byamazu akoresha imiyoboro yicyatsi ya PPR. Iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda z’ubwubatsi mu gihugu cyanjye, icyifuzo cya PPR nacyo kiriyongera. Dukurikije imibare, impuzandengo isabwa buri mwaka ni 200kt.
2.2 Gutezimbere ibicuruzwa bya firime polypropilene
Ibicuruzwa bya firime nabyo nibimwe mubisabwa cyane bya polipropilene. Gukora firime ninzira yingenzi kubikorwa bya polypropilene. Dukurikije imibare, hafi 20% ya polypropilene ikorwa buri mwaka ikoreshwa mu gukora firime. Nka firime ya polypropilene itajegajega kandi yangiza ibidukikije, irashobora gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa bitandukanye bipfunyika, nkibikoresho bitandukanye byokwirinda ibicuruzwa neza, kandi birashobora no gukoreshwa mubice byinshi nkibikoresho byubaka. Cyane cyane mumyaka yashize, ibikoresho bya firime byinshi bya polypropilene byongerewe agaciro byateguwe. Kurugero, firime ya propylene-Ethylene-1-butene ternary copolymer polypropylene irashobora gukoreshwa mubushyuhe buke bwo gufunga ubushyuhe buke, bufite isoko ryinshi.
Ugereranije na firime gakondo yo mu bwoko bwa firime-ubushyuhe bwo gufunga ibikoresho, irashobora kandi kugera ku mbaraga zumukanishi no kurwanya ingaruka. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibicuruzwa bya firime, hamwe na firime zihagarariwe zikenewe cyane ni: firime ya BOPP yerekanwe biaxial, firime ya polypropilene CPP, firime ya CPP ikoreshwa cyane mubiribwa no gupakira ibicuruzwa, firime ya BOPP ikoreshwa cyane mubipfunyika ibicuruzwa na kubyara ibicuruzwa bifatika. Dukurikije amakuru, Ubushinwa bugomba gutumiza hafi 80kt y'ibikoresho bisa na firime nka polypropilene buri mwaka.
2.3 Gutezimbere ibicuruzwa bya polypropilene kubinyabiziga
Nyuma yo guhindurwa, ibikoresho bya polypropilene bifite uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya, imbaraga za mashini nyinshi, kandi birashobora gukomeza imikorere myiza nyuma yingaruka nyinshi. Ihuye nigitekerezo cyiterambere cyumutekano no kurengera ibidukikije. Kubwibyo, yakoreshejwe cyane murwego rwimodoka.
Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa bya polypropilene bikoreshwa mubice bitandukanye byimodoka nkibibaho, ibikoresho byimbere, hamwe na bumpers. Ibicuruzwa byahinduwe na polypropilene byahindutse ibicuruzwa byingenzi bya plastike kubice byimodoka. By'umwihariko, haracyari icyuho kinini mubikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bya polypropilene, kandi iterambere ryizere.
Hamwe n’iterambere ry’Ubushinwa risabwa mu kongera umusaruro w’imodoka no kurushaho gukangurira kurengera ibidukikije mu bijyanye n’inganda z’imodoka, iterambere ry’inganda z’imodoka rigomba gukemura ikibazo cyo gutunganya no gukoresha ibikoresho bya polipropilene ku binyabiziga. Ibibazo nyamukuru byibicuruzwa bya polypropilene bikoreshwa mu nganda z’imodoka Kubera kubura itangwa ry’ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bya polipropilene, birasabwa ko ibicuruzwa bya polypropilene bigomba kuba icyatsi, bitangiza ibidukikije, bitarimo umwanda, bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, imbaraga z’ubukanishi kandi imbaraga zikomeye zo kurwanya ruswa.
Muri 2020, Ubushinwa buzashyira mu bikorwa "National VI", kandi iterambere ry’imodoka zoroheje rizashyirwa mu bikorwa. Ibicuruzwa bya polipropilene birahendutse kandi biremereye. Bazagira ibyiza byinshi kandi bizakoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byimodoka.
2.4 Gutezimbere ibicuruzwa bya polipropilene
Ibikoresho bya polipropilene bifite umutekano kandi bidafite uburozi, kandi bifite ibiciro byumusaruro muke, kandi byangiza ibidukikije mukoresha. Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa cyane mugutegura ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byubuvuzi bikoreshwa nko gupakira ibiyobyabwenge, siringi, amacupa ya infusion, gants, hamwe nigituba kibonerana mubikoresho byubuvuzi. Gusimbuza ibikoresho byibirahure gakondo byagezweho ahanini.
Kubera ko abaturage muri rusange bagenda basabwa kugira ngo ubuvuzi bwiyongere ndetse n’Ubushinwa bugenda bwiyongera mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi ku bikoresho by’ubuvuzi, ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa bya polypropilene ku isoko ry’ubuvuzi biziyongera cyane. Usibye gukora ibicuruzwa nkibi byo mu rwego rwo hasi ugereranije, birashobora no gukoreshwa mugutegura ibikoresho byubuvuzi byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nkimyenda idoda idoda hamwe nimpyiko zimpimbano.
3. Incamake
Polypropilene ni ibikoresho bya polymer bikoreshwa cyane hamwe nubuhanga bukuze bukuze, bihendutse kandi byoroshye kubona ibikoresho fatizo, umutekano, uburozi nibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije. Yakoreshejwe mubipfunyika ibicuruzwa, ibikenerwa bya buri munsi, gukora imodoka, ibikoresho byubwubatsi, ibikoresho byubuvuzi nizindi nzego. .
Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho byinshi byo gukora polypropilene, uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, hamwe na catalizator mu Bushinwa biracyakoresha ikoranabuhanga ry’amahanga. Ubushakashatsi ku bikoresho bitanga umusaruro wa polipropilene bigomba kwihutishwa, kandi hashingiwe ku gukuramo uburambe buhebuje, hagomba gutegurwa uburyo bwiza bwo gukora polypropilene. Muri icyo gihe, birakenewe kongera ishoramari mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi, guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bya polypropilene bifite imikorere myiza kandi byongerewe agaciro, no kuzamura ubushobozi bw’Ubushinwa.
Bitewe na politiki yo kurengera ibidukikije, ikoreshwa rya plastiki ishobora kwangirika mu bikoresho byo kumeza, gupakira, ubuhinzi, imodoka, kwivuza, imyenda n’izindi nzego zitangiza amahirwe mashya yo guteza imbere isoko.
