Biodegradable palasitika mafai ona vaevaeina i bio-faʻavae degradable palasitika ma kesi-faʻavae degradable palasitika faʻatatau i le mafuaʻaga o a latou mea. Sa faʻaoga i le tele o matata e pei o lafoa laulau e teu ai, afifiina, faʻatoʻaga, taʻavale, togafitiga faʻafomaʻi, ie, ma isi. O lenei ua faʻatutuina le tele gaosi oloa petrochemical lalolagi. O loʻo taumafai palasitika faʻasolosolo e puʻea avanoa muamua i maketi. Afai la o tatou uo i le palasitika alamanuia mananao e maua se faʻasoa o le biodegradable mea alamanuia, faʻafefea ona tatou alualu i luma? Faʻafefea ona vaeluaina le va o le bio-based ma le petrolie-based degradable palasitika? Lea elemeni ma tekinolosi i le oloa fua o le ki, ma i lalo o a tuʻaiga e mafai ona faʻavaivaia mea le lelei e oʻo atu i le tulaga masani ......
Polypropylene (Polypropylene) o se lautele faʻaaogaina mea polymer, taʻua o le PP, lea e sili atu ona lelei thermoplastic meatotino. Ona o le leai o se lanu, leai se manogi ma le oʻona mea totino, o loʻo faʻaaogaina nei o se mama mama lautele-faʻamoemoe palasitika. Polypropylene ei ai sili lelei gaioiga, saogalemu ma le leai-oona, maualalo le tau ma faigofie ona maua ni mea mata, ma o oloa saunia o mea mama ma siosiomaga faʻauo. Na faʻaaogaina i oloa oloa, vailaʻau mata mea, taʻavale vaega, fausia paipa ma isi fanua.
1. Faʻatomuaga i le gaosiga o gaioiga o oloa polypropylene
I le 1950s, na amata ai suʻesuʻega i luga o le polypropylene synthesis. Mai le sili ona masani solvent polymerization metotia (lauiloa foi o le metotia palapala) i se sili alualu i luma fofo polymerization metotia, ua atiina ae i le taimi nei vai vaega lapoʻa ma kesi vaega tele polymerization metotia. Faatasi ai ma le faifai pea atinae o le gaosiga gaioiga, o le sili atu anamua solvent polymerization O le tulafono ua le toe faʻaaogaina i le alamanuia.
I le lalolagi atoa alualu i luma gaosiga tekonolosi o polypropylene, basell's faʻaletausaga gaosiga o polypropylene sili atu i le 50% o le aofaʻi o galuega faatino i le lalolagi, mafuli faʻaaogaina le Spheripol lua-loop gas phase polymerization process; i se faʻaopopoga, o le Spherizone polypropylene synthesis paeonia e basell ua atiaʻe ma tuʻuina i le gaosiga. O le tekonolosi, o le Borstar polypropylene synthesis process na atiaʻe ma tuʻuina atu i le gaosiga e Borealis ua lautele faʻaaogaina.
1.1 Spheripol gaioiga
O le Spheripol lua-loop gas phase polypropylene tekonolosi atiaʻe ma tuʻuina i le faʻagaioiga e basell o le sili ona poto masani ituaiga fou o le polypropylene faʻasologa gaioiga. Faʻatusatusa i le faʻagasologa o gaioiga gaosi, o oloa gaosia polypropylene e sili atu lona lelei ma tele atu i fafo.
E fa augatupulaga o faʻamaumauga ua faʻaleleia ua faʻaleleia. I le taimi nei, o le polypropylene synthesis reactor ma le faʻalua-matasele fausaga na fausiaina, ma le tele o ituaiga sili atu polypropylene oloa na gaosia i luga o le faʻavae o lenei gaioiga. O le faʻataʻatiaga paipa faʻalua e mafai ona maua mai ai oloa polypropylene ma sili atu le faʻatinoina e ala i le suia o le mamafa i le synthes process, ma iloa ai le faʻatulafonoina o le vaega tele o polypropylene macromolecules ma le morphology o polypropylene macromolecules; o le vaega lona fa o vaega taua na mauaina ina ua maeʻa le tele o faʻaleleia atili, O le catalyzed polypropylene oloa o loʻo maualuga le mama, sili atu lelei meatotino masini, ma maualuga laei teteʻe.
Ona o le faʻaaogaina o le faʻalua-mama paipa tali faʻavae fausaga, o le gaosiga faʻagaioiga mafai ona sili atu talafeagai; ua faʻateleina le tali atu, o lea o le hydrogen mea i le atoa gaosiga gaioiga ua faʻateleina, lea e faʻaleleia atili ai le tele o meatotino o polypropylene oloa i se tasi itu; i le taimi e tasi, faʻavae i luga o le sili atu faʻalua-mama paipa fausaga E mafai ona gaosia sili atu maualuga-lelei macromolecules ma laʻititi-lelei polypropylene oloa, o lea o le molemole mamafa tufatufa laina o le gaosia polypropylene oloa e tele, ma o le mauaina polypropylene oloa e sili atu tutusa.
Lenei fausaga mafai sili faʻalauiloaina le vevela fesiitai i le va o tali tali atu. Afai e tuʻufaʻatasia ma le sili atu alualu i luma faʻatulagaina uʻamea, polypropylene oloa ma sili atu gaioiga o le a saunia i le lumanaʻi. O le faʻalua loop reactor fausaga faʻaleleia le gaosiga lelei, faia le gaosiga gaioiga sili atu ona talafeagai ma fetuʻutuʻunaʻi, ma i se tasi tulaga faʻateleina le gaosiaina o polypropylene oloa.
1.2 Polokalame Spherizone
Talu ai ona o le taimi nei ua siʻitia manaoga mo bimodal polypropylene, basell ua atiaʻe se ituaiga fou gaosiga. O le Spherizone process e tele na faʻaaogaina mo le gaosiaina o le bimodal polypropylene. O le autu fou o le gaosiga o gaioiga o le i le tutusa reactor, o le reactor ua vaeluaina, ma le tali atu i le vevela, tali atu o le mamafa ma le tali atu i le taʻitasi o sone tali mafai ona faʻatonutonu pulea. O le hydrogen faʻalapotopotoga o loʻo faʻasalalauina i le tali sone ma eseʻese tulaga gaosiga ma mafai ona faʻatonutonu tulaga gaosiga i le taimi o le faʻaauau pea tuputupu aʻe o polypropylene molemate filifili pe a synthesizing polypropylene. I le tasi itu, bimodal polypropylene ma sili atu faʻatinoga gaioiga. I leisi itu, o le mauaina oloa polypropylene e sili atu tutusa.
1.3 Borstar gaioiga
O le Borstar polypropylene synthesis process e faʻavae i luga o le polypropylene synthes process o basell Corporation e Borealis, faʻavae i luga o le lua-loop fausaga reactor, ma le kesi-vaega fluidized moega reactor e fesoʻotaʻi i le faʻasologa i le taimi e tasi, ma maua ai polypropylene ma sili atu faʻatinoga . oloa
I luma atu o lenei, uma polypropylene gaioiga gaioiga faʻatonutonuina le tali atu vevela i le tusa o le 70 ° C e aloese ai mai le gaosiga o puta i le taimi o le gaosiga gaioiga ma faia le polypropylene oloa sili atu homogeneous. O le Borstar gaioiga fuafuaina e Borealis faʻatagaina le maualuga faʻagaioia o le vevela, lea e mafai foi ona sili atu i le taua taua o le propylene faʻagaioiga. O le siʻitia o le vevela faʻamalosia foi le faʻateleina o le faʻagaioia o le mamafa, ma e toetoe lava a leai ni puta i le gaioiga, o se ituaiga o gaioiga. O se sili lelei polypropylene tuʻufaʻatasia gaioiga.
O le taimi nei uiga o le gaioiga ua aoteleina faapenei: Muamua, o le vaega faʻatosina gaoioiga e maualuga atu; lona lua, o le kesi vaega o le reactor e fesoʻotaʻi i le faʻasologa i luga o le faʻavae o le lua loop tube reactor, lea e mafai ona sili atu ona faigofie ona faʻataʻitaʻia le vaega o le molelaele ma le faʻasolosolo o le synthesized macromolecule; Lona tolu, o tumutumu taʻitasi na maua i le taimi o le gaosiga o le bimodal polypropylene e mafai ona ausia se vaapiapi o le lapisi o le lapoʻa o le tufatufaina, ma o le bimodal oloa lelei e sili atu; lona fa, ua faʻateleina le vevela faʻagaioia, ma le polipropylene molelaʻau puipuia mai le faʻamamaina i le O le faʻaaliga o le propylene o le a le mafua ai oloa polypropylene e pipii i totonu puipui o le reactor.
2. Alualu i luma i le faaaogaina o polypropylene
Polypropylene (Polypropylene) na faʻaaogaina i le tele o matata e pei o oloa afifiina, mea e manaʻomia i aso uma gaosiga, taʻavale gaosiga, fausiaina mea, meafaigaluega faʻafomaʻi, ma isi ona o lona matua gaosiga gaioiga, taugofie ma faigofie-e-maua mea mata, saogalemu, leai -toxic ma siosiomaga faauo oloa. Ona o le taimi nei sailiga o le lanumeamata ola ma sili atu manaʻoga mo le puipuiga o le siosiomaga, polypropylene ua suia le tele o mea ma le lelei siosiomaga faauo.
2.1 Atinaʻeina o oloa polypropylene mo paipa
Random copolymer polypropylene paipa, e lauiloa foi o le PPR, o se tasi o oloa e sili ona manaʻomia polypropylene oloa i le taimi nei. E i ai lelei masini meatotino ma malosi aafiaga tetee. O le paipa na saunia mai ia te ia o se mea masani e maualuga le malosi o le masini, malamalama mama, ma laei teteʻe. Faʻafuaseu tetee ma talafeagai mo nisi gaioiga. Talu ai e mafai ona tatalia le maualuga vevela ma vevela vai, ua i ai se umi auaunaga olaga faavae i luga o le lelei asiasiga, lelei oloa lelei ma maualuga tulaga mautu, ma ua lautele faaaogaina i malulu ma vevela felauaiga felauaiga.
Ona o lona mautu faatinoga, saogalemu ma le faʻatuatuaina, ma talafeagai tau, ua lisiina o le fautuaina paipa fetaui mea e le Matagaluega o Fausiaina ma isi talafeagai matagaluega. E tatau ona faʻasolosolo ona suia paipa masani ma paipa lanumeamata puipuiga o le siʻosiʻomaga pei o le PPR. I lalo o le polokalame a le malo, o lo o fausia ai nei loʻu atunuu. Sili atu i le 80% o nofoaga e faʻaaoga ai paipa lanumeamata PPR. Faatasi ai ma le televave atinae o laʻu atunuu atinae pisinisi, o le manaoga mo PPR paipa o loo faateleina foi. E tusa ai ma faʻamaumauga, o le averesi tausaga manaʻomia e tusa ma le 200kt.
2.2 Atinaʻeina o ata tifaga polypropylene oloa
O ata tifaga o oloa foi o se tasi o sili ona manaʻomia polypropylene oloa. O ata tifaga o se auala taua mo polypropylene talosaga. E tusa ai ma faʻamaumauga, e tusa ma le 20% o le polypropylene na gaosia i tausaga taʻitasi e faʻaaoga e fausia ai ata. A o polypropylene ata tifaga e mautu ma siʻosiʻomaga agalelei, e mafai ona faʻaaogaina i le tele o oloa afifiina, e pei o eseese mea faʻamamaina i le saʻo oloa, ma mafai foi ona faʻaaogaina i le tele o fanua pei o fale mea. Ae maise lava i tausaga talu ai nei, e tele atu polypropylene ata tifaga ma maualuga faʻaopoopoina taua ua atiaʻe. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, propylene-ethylene-1-butene ternary copolymer polypropylene film e mafai ona faʻaaogaina mo le maualalo o le vevela vevela-faʻamau faʻamaufaʻailoga, lea e tele manaʻoga maketi.
Faʻatusatusa i tu ma aga masani-ituaiga vevela-faʻamaufaʻailogaina vaega mea, e mafai foi ona ausia sili atu le malosi masini ma faʻafitauli tetee. E tele ituaiga o ata tifaga, ma sui ata tifaga o loʻo manaʻomia tele o: ata tifaga BOPP faʻataʻitaʻiina, lafoina polypropylene CPP Ata Tifaga, CPP ata e tele lava faʻaaoga mo meaai ma vailaʻau vailaʻau afifi, BOPP ata e tele faʻaaoga mo oloa afifiina ma le gaosiga o oloa pipiʻi. E tusa ai ma faʻamatalaga, o loʻo manaʻomia lava e Saina le faʻaulufaleina mai ile 80kt o ata e pei ole polypropylene mea uma ile tausaga.
2.3 Atinaʻeina o oloa polypropylene mo taʻavale
Ina ua maeʻa faʻafouina, polypropylene mea e sili lelei gaosi meatotino, maualuga masini malosi, ma mafai ona faʻatumauina lelei lelei pe a maeʻa tele aʻafiaga. E ogatusa ma le atinaʻe manatu o le saogalemu ma le puipuiga o le siosiomaga. O le mea lea, ua lautele faʻaaogaina i totonu o taʻavale taʻavale.
I le taimi nei, o oloa polypropylene o loʻo faʻaaogaina i vaega eseese o taʻavale e pei o dashboard, mea i totonu, ma tagata osooso. Fesuiaʻi polypropylene oloa ua avea nei ma autu palasitika oloa mo taʻavale vaega. Ae maise lava, o loʻo i ai pea se avanoa tele i mea maualuluga polypropylene mea, ma o atinaʻe vaʻaiga e mautinoa.
Faʻatasi ai ma le faʻaauau pea le faʻaleleia o Saina manaʻoga o loʻo i ai nei mo taʻavale gaosiga ma faʻateleina le malamalama i le puipuiga o le siosiomaga i le matata o taʻavale gaosiga, o le atinaʻeina o taʻavale pisinisi tatau ona foia le faʻafitauli o le toe gaosia ma le toe faʻaaogaina o mea polypropylene mo taʻavale. O le faʻafitauli autu o oloa polypropylene o loʻo faʻaaogaina i totonu o le taʻavale taʻavale Aua o le le lava o le sapalai o maualuga-iuga oloa polypropylene, e manaʻomia le polypropylene oloa tatau ona lanumeamata, siʻosiʻomaga agalelei, faʻaleagaina-leai, maua maualuga vevela teteʻe, maualuga masini malosi ma malosiʻaga tetee vailaʻau vailaʻau.
I le 2020, Saina o le a faʻatinoina le "National VI" tulaga masani, ma le atinaʻeina o mama mama o le a faʻaaogaina. O oloa Polypropylene e taugata ma mama. O le a latou maua sili atu lelei ma o le a sili atu lautele faʻaaogaina i le tautaavale pisinisi.
2.4 Atinaʻeina o vailaʻau polypropylene oloa
Polypropylene synthetic material e saogalemu ma e le oona, ma e maualalo le tau o gaosiga, ma e sili atu siosiomaga faʻauo i le faʻaaogaina. O le mea lea, e tele na faʻaaoga i le sauniuniga o vailaʻau e mafai ona lafoa vailaʻau pei o vailaʻau afifiina, tui, faʻasusu fagu, totini lima, ma manino paipa i mea tau vailaʻau. O le suia o mea masani tioata mea masani na ausia.
Faʻatasi ai ma le faʻateleina o manaʻoga o tagata lautele mo tulaga faʻafomaʻi ma le faʻateleina o tupe teu a Saina i saienitisi suʻesuʻega mo vailaʻau masini, o le faʻaaogaina o polypropylene oloa i le maketi maketi o le a matua faateleina. I le faʻaopopoga i le gaosiaina o ia ituaiga oloa laʻititi maualalo, e mafai foi ona Faʻaaoga e sauni ai mea maualuga mo togafitiga faafomaʻi pei o vailaʻau e le lalagaina ie ma fatugaʻo fatuga faʻapipiʻi.
3. Aotelega
Polypropylene o se lautele faʻaaogaina mea polymer ma matua gaosia tekonolosi, taugofie ma faigofie-ona-maua mai mea mata, saogalemu, leai-oona ma siosiomaga faauo oloa. Sa faʻaaogaina i oloa oloa, mea e manaʻomia i aso uma, gaosiga o taʻavale, mea fauina, mea tau vailaʻau ma isi fanua. .
I le taimi nei, o le tele o le polypropylene gaosiga mea faigaluega, gaosiga o gaioiga, ma faʻataʻitaʻiina i Saina o loʻo faʻaaogaina lava tekinolosi mai fafo. O le suʻesuʻega o mea e gaosia ai le polypropylene ma mea e tatau ona faʻatelevaveina, ma i luga o le faʻavae o le taliaina o mea e sili ona lelei, e tatau ona fuafuaina se faʻagaoioiga sili atu o le polypropylene. I le taimi lava e tasi, e tatau ona faʻateleina tupe teufaafaigaluega i saienitisi suʻesuʻega, atiaʻe polypropylene oloa ma sili atu faʻatinoga ma maualuga faʻaopoopoina taua, ma faʻaleleia le Saina autu tauvaga.
Uunaia e le puipuiga o le siosiomaga faiga faʻavae, o le faʻaogaina o biodegradable palasitika i disposable laulau, afifiina, faʻatoʻaga, taʻavale, togafitiga faʻafomaʻi, ie ma isi fanua ua amataina i fou avanoa mo maketi atinae.
