Enwere ike kewaa plastik nwere ike ibibi ihe na plastik na-emebi emebi na plastik na-emebi emebi dị ka isi iyi nke ihe ndị mejupụtara ha. E tinyela ha n'ọrụ n'ọtụtụ mpaghara dịka tebụl mkpofu, nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ọrụ ugbo, ụgbọ ala, ọgwụgwọ, textiles, wdg. Ugbu a, ndị na-emepụta petrochemical nke ụwa ebubatala. Plastic plasta nwere ike gbalịsie ike ijide ohere ahịa n'ọdịnihu. Yabụ ọ bụrụ na ndị enyi anyị n'ụlọ ọrụ plastik chọrọ inweta oke ụlọ ọrụ na-emebi ngwaahịa, kedu ka anyị kwesịrị isi gaa n'ihu? Kedu otu esi amata ọdịiche dị n'etiti plastik emebi emebi na mmiri na mmanụ ala? Kedu ihe ndị na-emepụta na teknụzụ dị na usoro ngwaahịa bụ isi, yana n'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị dị a materialsaa ka ihe ndị na-emebi emebi nwere ike ire ere iji ruo ọkọlọtọ ...
Polypropylene (Polypropylene) bụ ihe polymer a na-ejikarị eme ihe, nke a na-akpọ PP, nke nwere njirimara thermoplastic ka mma. N'ihi ụcha anụ ahụ ya na-enweghị ntụ, nke na-enweghị isi na nke na-adịghị egbu egbu, a na-eji ya eme ihe ugbu a dị ka plastik zuru oke. Polypropylene nwere arụmọrụ dị mma, nchekwa na adịghị egbu egbu, ọnụ ala na mfe ịnweta ngwaọrụ, na ngwaahịa ndị a kwadebere bụ ọkụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ejiri ya na ngwugwu ngwaahịa, ihe ndị na-eme ka kemịkal, akụkụ akpaaka, ọkpọkọ ihe owuwu na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.
1. Okwu mmalite nke usoro mmepụta nke ngwaahịa polypropylene
Na 1950s, nyocha banyere teknụzụ njikọ polypropylene malitere. Site na usoro mmezi ihe nke polymerization (nke a makwaara dị ka usoro apịtị) na usoro polymerization kachasị elu, ọ mepụtara ka usoro mmiri polymerization dị ugbu a na usoro gas polymerization dị ugbu a. Na mmepe na-aga n’ihu nke usoro mmepụta, ihe ochie oge gboo polymerization Iwu anaghịzi eji ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.
N’ụwa niile nke teknụzụ imepụta nke polypropylene, mmepụta kwa afọ nke basell nke polypropylene gafere 50% nke ngụkọta nke mmepụta ụwa, ọkachasị na-eji Spheripol double-loop gas phase polymerization usoro; na mgbakwunye, e mepụtara njikọ Spherizone polypropylene nke basell na-asụ ụzọ ma mepụta ya. Teknụzụ, Borstar polypropylene synthesis usoro e mepụtara ma tinye n'ime mmepụta site Borealis ejirila ebe niile.
1.1 Usoro Spheripol
Spheripol okpukpu abụọ-loop gas phase polypropylene teknụzụ mepụtara ma tinye ya n'ọrụ site na basell bụ ụdị ọhụụ ọhụụ polypropylene njikọ kachasị nwee ahụmahụ. E jiri ya tụnyere usoro mmepụta ọdịnala, ngwaahịa polypropylene a rụpụtara nwere ezigbo mma na nrụpụta ka ukwuu.
Ngụkọta nke ọgbọ anọ nke mmegharị enwewo nkwalite. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, e mepụtala ihe na-eme ka polypropylene na-arụ ọrụ nwere okpukpu abụọ, ma e mepụtala ọtụtụ ngwaahịa polypropylene magburu onwe ya na usoro a. Ọdịdị okpukpu abụọ nke loop nwere ike inweta ngwaahịa polypropylene nwere arụmọrụ ka mma site na ịgbanwe nrụgide na usoro njikọ, ma ghọta ụkpụrụ nke oke polypropylene macromolecules na morphology nke polypropylene macromolecules; ọgbọ nke anọ na-akpata nwetara mgbe ọtụtụ mmụba, ngwaahịa polypropylene catalyzed nwere nnukwu ịdị ọcha, njirimara akụrụngwa ka mma, na nguzogide akwa akwa.
N'ihi ojiji nke okpukpu abụọ-mgbanye tube mmeghachi omume Ọdịdị, mmepụta ọrụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe adaba; a na-amụba nrụgide mmeghachi omume, ya mere ọdịnaya hydrogen na usoro mmepụta dum na-abawanye, nke na-eme ka ihe dị iche iche nke ngwaahịa polypropylene dịkwuo mma; n'otu oge ahụ, dabere na ọmarịcha ngwongwo okpukpu abụọ dị mma Ọ nwere ike ịmepụta macromolecules dị elu karị na ngwaahịa polypropylene dị obere, nke mere na oke nkesa dị arọ nke ngwaahịa polypropylene mepụtara buru ibu, polypropylene enwetara ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ homogeneous.
Ihe owuwu a nwere ike ịkwalite ikpo ọkụ n'etiti ihe mmeghachi omume. Ọ bụrụ na ejikọtara ya na ngwa ngwa metallocene dị elu, ngwaahịa polypropylene nwere arụmọrụ ka mma ga-akwado n'ọdịnihu. Ọdịdị abụọ nke loop na-eme ka arụmọrụ dị mma, na-eme ka usoro mmepụta dịkwuo mfe ma na-agbanwe agbanwe, yana ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ na-abawanye mmepụta nke ngwaahịa polypropylene.
1.2 Spherizone usoro
N'ihi na ugbu a ịrị elu chọrọ bimodal polypropylene, basell mepụtara a ohuru mmepụta usoro. A na-eji usoro Spherizone eme ihe maka mmepụta nke bimodal polypropylene. Isi ihe ọhụrụ nke usoro mmepụta bụ na n'otu ihe ahụ, a na-ekewa ihe ahụ, na ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume, nrụgide mmeghachi omume na nrụgide mmeghachi omume na mpaghara mmeghachi omume ọ bụla nwere ike ịchịkwa n'otu n'otu. A na-ekesa ikuku hydrogen na mpaghara mmeghachi omume dị iche iche na ọnọdụ mmepụta na ọnọdụ mmepụta a na-achịkwa n'oge ọganihu na-aga n'ihu nke polypropylene molekụla na-aga n'ihu mgbe ọ na-emepụta polypropylene. N'otu aka, bimodal polypropylene nwere arụmọrụ ka mma ka arụpụtara. N'aka nke ozo, ihe polypropylene enwetara nwere odi nma karie.
1.3 Usoro Borstar
Usoro njikọ nke Borstar polypropylene na-adabere na usoro njikọ polypropylene nke basell Corporation site na Borealis, dabere na nhazi okpukpu abụọ-loop, na gas-phase fluidized bed reactor jikọtara na usoro n'otu oge, si otú ahụ na-emepụta polypropylene nwere arụmọrụ ka mma . ngwaahịa.
Tupu nke a, usoro njikọ polypropylene niile na-achịkwa ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume na ihe dịka 70 Celsius C iji zere ọgbọ nke egosipụta n'oge usoro mmepụta ma mee ka ngwaahịa polypropylene dị iche iche. Usoro Borstar nke Borealis haziri na-enye ohere ka okpomọkụ dị elu na-arụ ọrụ, nke nwere ike ọbụna karịa uru dị oke mkpa nke ọrụ propylene. Mmụba nke okpomọkụ na-akwalite mmụba nke nrụgide ọrụ, na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afụ na usoro, nke bụ ụdị arụmọrụ. Ọ bụ usoro njikọ polypropylene magburu onwe ya.
A chịkọtara njirimara dị ugbu a nke usoro a dị ka ndị a: Nke mbụ, ọrụ mkpali dị elu; nke abụọ, na gas na-adọ chernobyl jikọọ n'usoro na ndabere nke abụọ akaghị tube chernobyl, nke nwere ike karịa conveniently ịchịkwa molekụla uka na morphology nke synthesized macromolecule; Nke ato, elu ọ bụla enwetara n'oge mmepụta nke bimodal polypropylene nwere ike nweta nkenke molekụla dị nkenke, na ngwaahịa ngwaahịa bimodal ka mma; nke anọ, ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ na-abawanye, a na-egbochi polypropylene ụmụ irighiri ihe na-agbaze na Ihe omume nke propylene agaghị eme ka ngwaahịa polypropylene rapara na mgbidi dị n'ime chernobyl.
2. Ọganihu na ngwa nke polypropylene
Polypropylene (Polypropylene) ejirila rụọ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ebe dịka nkwakọ ngwaahịa, imepụta ihe dị mkpa kwa ụbọchị, imepụta ụgbọala, akụrụngwa ụlọ, akụrụngwa ahụike, wdg n'ihi usoro mmepụta ya tozuru oke, ọnụ ala ma dịkwa mfe ịnweta ngwaọrụ, nchekwa, enweghị -a-egbu egbu ma na gburugburu ebe obibi enyi na enyi ngwaahịa. N'ihi ịchụso ndụ ndụ ugbu a na ihe ndị ọzọ achọrọ maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, polypropylene ejirila ezigbo omume gburugburu dochie ọtụtụ ihe.
2.1 Mmepe nke ngwaahịa polypropylene maka ọkpọkọ
Random copolymer polypropylene pipe, makwaara dị ka PPR, bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị chọrọ polypropylene ngwaahịa ugbu a. Ọ nwere ezigbo ihe eji arụ ọrụ ma nwee ike iguzogide mmetụta siri ike. Ọfụfụ a kwadebere na ya dị ka akụrụngwa nwere ike dị elu n'ibu, ibu dị mfe, na-eyi mgbochi. Corrosion na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-adaba adaba maka inwekwu nhazi. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ nwere ike ịnagide ọnọdụ dị elu na mmiri ọkụ, ọ nwere ogologo ndụ ọrụ dabere na nyocha dị mma, mma ngwaahịa dị mma na nkwụsi ike dị elu, a na-ejikwa ya na njem oyi na mmiri ọkụ.
N'ihi arụmọrụ ya kwụsiri ike, nchekwa na ntụkwasị obi, yana ọnụ ahịa ezi uche, edepụtara ya dị ka ihe kwesịrị ekwesị nke ọkpọkọ dabara adaba site n'aka Ministry of Construction na ngalaba ndị ọzọ dị mkpa. O kwesịrị iji nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie ọkpọkọ ọdịnala na ọkpọkọ nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka PPR. N'okpuru atụmatụ gọọmentị, mba m ka na-ewu ugbu a. Ihe karịrị 80% nke ebe obibi na-eji PPR green pipes. Site na ngwangwa mmepe ụlọ ọrụ na-ewu ihe n’ala m, ọchịchọ maka ọkpọkọ PPR na-arịwanye elu. Dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ, nkezi afọ a na-achọ ihe dị ka 200kt.
2.2 Mmepe nke ngwaahịa polypropylene ngwaahịa
Ngwaahịa ihe nkiri bụkwa otu n'ime ngwaahịa polypropylene na-achọkarị. Mmepụta ihe nkiri bụ ụzọ dị mkpa maka ngwa polypropylene. Dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ, a na-eji ihe dị ka 20% nke polypropylene emepụtara kwa afọ iji mepụta ihe nkiri. Dị ka ihe nkiri polypropylene siri ike ma nwee mmekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi, enwere ike iji ya na ọtụtụ nkwakọ ngwaahịa, dị ka ihe mkpuchi dị iche iche na ngwaahịa ziri ezi, a pụkwara iji ya n'ọtụtụ mpaghara dịka ihe ụlọ. Karịsịa n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, e mepụtala ihe nkiri ihe nkiri polypropylene ndị nwere uru dị elu karị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike iji propylene-ethylene-1-butene ternary copolymer polypropylene ị nwere ike iji mee ihe mkpuchi okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ dị ala, nke nwere nnukwu ọchịchọ ahịa.
Tụnyere ọdịnala film-ụdị okpomọkụ-akara oyi akwa ihe, ọ nwekwara ike nweta mma n'ibu ike na mmetụta na-eguzogide. E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị ihe nkiri ihe nkiri, na ihe nkiri ndị na-anọchite anya ya bụ: ihe nkiri BOPP, nke a na-agbanye na polypropylene CPP, a na-ejikarị ihe nkiri CPP eme ihe maka nri na nkwakọ ngwaahịa ngwaahịa, BOPP na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ngwugwu ngwaahịa na mmepụta nke ngwaahịa nrapado. Dabere na data, China chọrọ ugbu a ibubata ihe dị ka 80kt nke ihe nkiri yiri polypropylene kwa afọ.
2.3 Mmepe nke ngwaahịa polypropylene maka ugbo ala
Mgbe emechara, polypropylene ihe nwere mma nhazi Njirimara, elu n'ibu ike, na ike ịnọgide na-enwe ezi arụmọrụ mgbe multiple metụtara. O kwekọrọ na echiche mmepe nke nchekwa na nchedo gburugburu. Ya mere, ọ na-e ọtụtụ-eji na akpakanamde ubi.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-eji ngwaahịa polypropylene arụ ọrụ ụgbọ ala dị iche iche dịka dashboards, ihe ndị dị n'ime, na bumpers. Ngwaahịa polypropylene a gbanwere agbanwe aghọwo isi ihe eji emepụta plastik maka akụkụ akpaaka. Karịsịa, a ka nwere nnukwu ọdịiche na ngwongwo polypropylene dị elu, na atụmanya mmepe na-enwe nchekwube.
Site na mmelite na-aga n'ihu nke ihe ndị China chọrọ ugbu a maka imepụta ụgbọala na ịmatakwu nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi na nrụpụta ụgbọ ala, mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọala ga-edozi nsogbu nke imegharị na iji ihe polypropylene maka ụgbọala. Nsogbu ndị bụ isi nke ngwaahịa polypropylene ejiri na ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọala n'ihi enweghị ọkọnọ nke ngwaahịa polypropylene dị elu, ọ chọrọ ka ngwaahịa polypropylene kwesịrị ịdị ndụ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, gburugburu ebe obibi, enweghị mmetọ, nwee nguzogide ọkụ dị elu, ike dị elu dị elu na ike chemical corrosion eguzogide.
Na 2020, China ga-etinye ụkpụrụ "National VI", na mmepe nke ụgbọ ala ndị na-ebughi ibu ga-etinye n'ọrụ. Polypropylene ngwaahịa na-eri-irè na fechaa. Ha ga-enwe elele karịa, a ga-ejikwa ya n'ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala.
2.4 Mmepe nke ngwaahịa polypropylene ọgwụ
Polypropylene sịntetik ihe dị mma ma na-adịghị egbu egbu, ma nwee ụgwọ nrụpụta dị ala, ọ dịkwa mma na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ya mere, a na-ejikarị ya eme nkwadebe nke ngwaahịa ọgwụ ndị nwere ike iwepu dị ka nkwakọ ngwaahịa ọgwụ, sirinji, karama infusion, gloves, na transperent tubes in medical medical. Nnọchi nke ọdịnala iko ihe ka ihu ọma rụzuru.
Site na mmụba na-arịwanye elu nke ọha na eze maka ọnọdụ ahụike na ụba China na-abawanye na nyocha sayensị maka akụrụngwa ọgwụ, oriri nke ngwaahịa polypropylene na ahịa ọgwụ ga-abawanye. Na mgbakwunye na imepụta ụdị ọgwụ ndị ahụ dị ala, ọ nwekwara ike Eji ya kwadebe ihe ọgwụ dị elu dị ka akwa ọgwụ na-enweghị akwa na akwa akụrụngwa.
3. Nchịkọta
Polypropylene bụ polymer eji eme ihe na teknụzụ mmepụta tozuru etozu, ihe dị ọnụ ala ma dịkwa mfe ịnweta, nchekwa, ngwaahịa na-adịghị egbu egbu na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ejila ya na nkwakọ ngwaahịa, imepụta ihe dị mkpa kwa ụbọchị, nrụpụta ụgbọala, ihe owuwu, akụrụngwa ahụike na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. .
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, imirikiti akụrụngwa mmepụta polypropylene, usoro mmepụta, na mmepụta na China ka na-eji teknụzụ mba ọzọ. Nchoputa banyere ihe eji emeputa polypropylene na usoro kwesiri ka eme ya ngwa ngwa, ma dabere na inweta ezigbo omuma, ekwesiri imeputa uzo polypropylene ka nma. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ dị mkpa ịbawanye itinye ego na nyocha sayensị, mepụta ngwaahịa polypropylene nwere arụmọrụ ka mma yana uru bara ụba dị elu, ma melite asọmpi isi nke China.
N'ịbụ ndị iwu nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi na-achịkwa, itinye plastik ndị nwere ike ibibi na tebụl mkpofu, nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ọrụ ugbo, ụgbọala, ọgwụgwọ, textiles na mpaghara ndị ọzọ na-eweta ohere ọhụụ maka mmepe ahịa.
