Mu ntangiriro zuyu mwaka, Vietnam "ntishobora gutegereza" gutangaza imikorere y’ubukungu umwaka ushize. 7.02% byubwiyongere bwa GDP, 11.29% byubwiyongere bwinganda ... Urebye gusa amakuru, urashobora kumva imbaraga zikomeye ziki gihugu cyiterambere ryiburasirazuba bwa Aziya.
Inganda nyinshi n’inganda zikora, abantu benshi bamenyekana cyane, hamwe na politiki ishimishije yo guteza imbere ishoramari rya guverinoma ya Vietnam, byagiye bihindura Vietnam buhoro buhoro "uruganda rw’isi" ndetse n’inganda zitunganya plastike hamwe n’urunigi rujyanye n’inganda. Urufatiro rushya.
Ishoramari rifatika nogukoresha bitera iterambere ryimibare ibiri munganda za plastiki
Dukurikije imibare yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ubuyobozi bukuru bw’ibarurishamibare muri Vietnam, ubwiyongere bwa GDP muri Vietnam bwageze kuri 7.02%, burenga 7% mu mwaka wa kabiri wikurikiranya. Muri byo, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bwo gutunganya no gukora byayoboye inganda zikomeye, n’ubwiyongere buri mwaka bwa 11.29%. Abategetsi ba Vietnam bavuze ko umuvuduko w’iterambere ry’inganda zitunganya n’inganda zizagera kuri 12% muri 2020.
Ku bijyanye n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, Vietnam yose yatumije mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mwaka yarenze miliyari 500 z’amadolari y’Amerika ku nshuro ya mbere, igera kuri miliyari 517 z’amadolari y’Amerika, muri yo yoherezwa mu mahanga ingana na miliyari 263.45 z’amadolari y’Amerika, igera ku miliyari zisaga 9.94. Intego ya Vietnam ya 2020 ni ukugera kuri miliyari 300 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu byoherezwa mu mahanga.
Icyifuzo cy’imbere mu gihugu nacyo kirakomeye cyane, hamwe n’igurisha ry’ibicuruzwa by’umuguzi ryiyongereyeho 11.8%, urwego rwo hejuru hagati ya 2016 na 2019. Mu rwego rwo gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga, Vietnam yakusanyije miliyari 38 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu mwaka wose, urwego rwo hejuru mu myaka 10. Imikoreshereze nyayo y’imari y’amahanga yari miliyari 20.38 z'amadolari y'Amerika, inyandiko.
Inzego zose zirekura umwuka mwiza, hamwe n’inyungu z’umurimo muke w’abakozi, ubutaka n’imisoro, hamwe n’ibyambu, ndetse na politiki yo gufungura Vietnam (Vietnam ndetse n’ibindi bihugu n’uturere byashyize umukono ku masezerano y’ubucuruzi arenga icumi ku buntu. ). Ibi bintu byatumye Vietnam iba igice cy "ibijumba" ku isoko ryamajyepfo yuburasirazuba bwa Aziya.
Abashoramari benshi b'abanyamahanga bazibanda kuri Vietnam, akaba ari ahantu hashyushye gushora imari. Ibihangange byinshi nka Nike, Adidas, Foxconn, Samsung, Canon, LG, na Sony byinjiye muri iki gihugu.
Ishoramari rikora nisoko ryabaguzi ryateje imbere ingufu zinganda zitandukanye. Muri byo, imikorere yinganda zitunganya plastike ninganda ziragaragara cyane. Mu myaka 10 ishize, impuzandengo y’ubwiyongere buri mwaka y’inganda za plastiki zo muri Vietnam zagumye ku 10-15%.
Ibisabwa byinshi byinjira mubikoresho nibikoresho bya tekiniki
Inganda zikora cyane muri Vietnam zatumye hakenerwa cyane ibikoresho fatizo bya pulasitiki, ariko Vietnam ikenera ibikoresho fatizo by’ibanze ni bike, bityo biterwa ahanini n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga. Nk’uko Ishyirahamwe rya Plastike rya Vietnam (Ishyirahamwe rya Plastike rya Vietnam) ribitangaza, inganda za plastiki zo muri iki gihugu zikenera impuzandengo ya miriyoni 2 kugeza kuri miliyoni 2,5 ku mwaka, ariko 75% kugeza 80% by’ibikoresho fatizo biterwa n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga.
Kubijyanye nibikoresho bya tekiniki, kubera ko amasosiyete menshi ya plastiki yaho muri Vietnam ari imishinga mito n'iciriritse, nayo yishingikiriza cyane cyane kubitumizwa mu mahanga mu bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho. Kubwibyo, harakenewe isoko ryinshi kubikoresho bya tekiniki byinjira.
Amasosiyete menshi y’imashini n’ibikoresho, nk’abakora imashini za pulasitike zo mu Bushinwa nka Haiti, Yizumi, Bochuang, Jinwei, n’ibindi, bagiye bashiraho ibirindiro by’ibicuruzwa, ububiko bw’ibibanza, amashami, hamwe n’ahantu hacururizwa nyuma yo kugurisha mu karere kabo, babikoresha cy'igiciro gito. Kurundi ruhande, irashobora guhaza ibikenewe ku isoko ryaho hafi.
Inganda zipakira plastike zitanga amahirwe menshi yubucuruzi
Vietnam ifite ibyiza byinshi mubikorwa byo gupakira plastike, nkubwitabire bukomeye bwimashini zamahanga, ibikoresho nabatanga ibicuruzwa. Muri icyo gihe, kubera ubwiyongere bukabije bw’umutungo wa plastiki kuri buri muntu muri Vietnam, isoko ryo gupakira ibintu mu gihugu naryo rirakenewe cyane.
Kugeza ubu, ibigo byo muri Tayilande, Koreya y'Epfo n'Ubuyapani bingana na 90% by'imigabane yo gupakira plastike ya Vietnam. Bafite tekinoroji igezweho, igiciro nibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ni muri urwo rwego, amasosiyete apakira ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa akeneye gusobanukirwa neza amahirwe y’isoko, guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga n’ubuziranenge, kandi agaharanira kubona umugabane w’isoko ryo gupakira muri Vietnam.
Ku bijyanye no gupakira ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, Amerika n'Ubuyapani bingana na 60% na 15% by'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bya Vietnam byoherezwa mu mahanga. Kubwibyo, kwinjira mumasoko yo gupakira muri Vietnam bisobanura kugira amahirwe yo kwinjira muri sisitemu yo gutanga ibicuruzwa nka Amerika n'Ubuyapani.
Byongeye kandi, amasosiyete yo muri Vietnam yo muri ako gace ntabwo akuze bihagije mu buhanga bwo gupakira kugira ngo yuzuze ibyifuzo by’abaguzi bigenda byiyongera, bityo hakaba hakenewe isoko ryinshi ryo kwinjiza tekinoloji yo gupakira. Kurugero, abaguzi barushijeho guhitamo guhitamo ubuziranenge bwiza kandi bukora ibintu byinshi kugirango babike ibiryo, ariko ibigo bike byaho ni byo byonyine bishobora gukora ibicuruzwa nkibi.
Fata urugero rwo gupakira amata. Kugeza ubu, itangwa ahanini n’amasosiyete yo hanze. Byongeye kandi, Vietnam nayo ahanini ishingiye kumasosiyete yo mumahanga mugukora imifuka yimpapuro za PE zidakwirakwizwa cyangwa imifuka ya zipper. Ibi byose ni intambwe ku masosiyete apakira ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa kugirango agabanye isoko rya plastiki ya Vietnam.
Muri icyo gihe, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’Ubuyapani ukenera ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga biracyari byinshi, kandi abakiriya bagenda bahitamo ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike biva muri Vietnam. Muri Kamena 2019, Vietnam na EU byashyize umukono ku masezerano y’ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu byombi (EVFTA), bituma habaho igabanywa ry’ibiciro 99% hagati y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’ibihugu byo muri Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Amajyepfo, ibyo bikaba bizatanga amahirwe yo guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu bikoresho bya pulasitiki ku isoko ry’Uburayi.
Twabibutsa kandi ko mugihe gishya cyubukungu bwizunguruka, tekinoroji yo gupakira icyatsi, cyane cyane kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, bizamenyekana cyane. Ku masosiyete apakira plastike, aya ni amahirwe akomeye.
Gucunga imyanda biba isoko yingenzi yiterambere
Vietnam itanga toni zigera kuri miliyoni 13 z'imyanda ikomeye buri mwaka, kandi ni kimwe mu bihugu bitanu bitanga imyanda ikomeye. Nk’uko bitangazwa n’ubuyobozi bushinzwe ibidukikije muri Vietnam, ngo imyanda y’amakomine ikomoka mu gihugu yiyongera ku 10-16% buri mwaka.
Mugihe Vietnam yihutisha inzira yinganda n’imijyi, hamwe no kubaka no gucunga nabi imyanda ya Vietnam, umusaruro w’imyanda ikomeye ishobora gukomeza kwiyongera. Kugeza ubu, imyanda igera kuri 85% ya Vietnam yashyinguwe mu buryo butaziguye mu myanda itavuwe, 80% muri yo ikaba idafite isuku kandi itera umwanda ku bidukikije. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Vietnam ikeneye byihutirwa gucunga neza imyanda. Muri Vietnam, ishoramari mu nganda zicunga imyanda riragenda ryiyongera.
None, ni ubuhe buryo bw'ubucuruzi busaba isoko ry'inganda zo gucunga imyanda ya Vietnam?
Icya mbere, harakenewe tekinoroji yo gutunganya. Amenshi mu masosiyete yo gutunganya no gutunganya ibicuruzwa muri Vietnam ni ubucuruzi bwimiryango cyangwa imishinga mito ifite ikoranabuhanga ridakuze. Kugeza ubu, amasosiyete menshi ya leta nayo akoresha ikoranabuhanga ry’amahanga, kandi amasosiyete make manini y’amahanga menshi afite amashami muri Vietnam afite ikoranabuhanga ryabo. Abatanga ibikoresho byinshi byo gucunga imyanda ni abo muri Singapuru, Ubushinwa, Amerika ndetse n’ibihugu by’Uburayi.
Muri icyo gihe, igipimo cyo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu gutunganya ibicuruzwa muri Vietnam kiracyari gito, cyane cyane ku bicuruzwa byuma. Hano hari ibyumba byinshi byo gushakisha mumasoko yo gutunganya no gutunganya ibicuruzwa byubundi bwoko bwibicuruzwa.
Byongeye kandi, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bukomeje mu bikorwa by’ubukungu no guhagarika imyanda y’Ubushinwa, Vietnam yabaye imwe mu bihugu bine byohereza ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike muri Amerika. Umubare munini wimyanda ya plastike igomba gutunganywa, bisaba uburyo butandukanye bwo gucunga neza.
Ku bijyanye no gucunga imyanda ya plastike, gutunganya ibicuruzwa bifatwa nkibisabwa byihutirwa mu micungire y’imyanda ya Vietnam ndetse nuburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya imyanda yinjira mu myanda.
Guverinoma ya Vietnam kandi yishimiye ibikorwa bitandukanye byo gucunga imyanda ya plastike kandi ikabigiramo uruhare rugaragara. Guverinoma irimo kugerageza byimazeyo uburyo butandukanye bwo guhanga imyanda ikomeye, nko gushishikariza ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ingufu z’imyanda no kuyihindura umutungo w’ingirakamaro, ibyo bikaba biteza imbere ubuzima bw’imicungire y’imyanda kandi ikarema amahirwe yubucuruzi kubushoramari bwo hanze.
Guverinoma ya Vietnam nayo iteza imbere cyane politiki yo gucunga imyanda. Kurugero, ishyirwaho ryingamba zigihugu zo gucunga imyanda itanga urwego rurambuye rwo gushyiraho ubukungu buzenguruka. Intego ni ukugera ku gukusanya imyanda yuzuye muri 2025. Ibi bizazana ubuyobozi bwa politiki mu nganda zitunganya ibicuruzwa no kuyitwara. iterambere rya.
Twabibutsa kandi ko ibirango mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga nabyo byahurije hamwe mu guteza imbere ubukungu bw’umuzingi muri Vietnam. Kurugero, muri kamena 2019, amasosiyete icyenda azwi cyane mubicuruzwa byabaguzi ninganda zipakira zashizeho ishyirahamwe ryongera gutunganya ibicuruzwa (PRO Vietnam) muri Vietnam, rigamije guteza imbere ubukungu bwizunguruka no kunoza uburyo bunoze kandi burambye bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa.
Abanyamuryango icyenda bashinze ubu bufatanye ni Coca-Cola, FrieslandCampina, La Vie, Nestle, NutiFood, Suntory Pepsi, Tetra Pak, TH Group na URC. PRO Vietnam ibaye ku nshuro ya mbere ayo masosiyete y'urungano akorana muri Vietnam kandi akorera hamwe mu kuzamura ibidukikije muri Vietnam.
Uyu muryango uteza imbere gutunganya ibicuruzwa binyuze mu ngamba enye z’ingenzi, nko kumenyekanisha ubukangurambaga bw’imyanda, kongera urusobe rw’ibikoresho byo gukusanya imyanda, gushyigikira imishinga itunganya ibicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa hamwe n’ibicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa mu mahanga, ndetse no gufatanya na leta guteza imbere ibikorwa by’ibicuruzwa, gushyiraho ibicuruzwa by’ibicuruzwa nyuma y’ibicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa mu bucuruzi. n'ibigo, n'ibindi.
Abanyamuryango ba PRO Vietnam bizeye gukusanya, gutunganya, no gutunganya ibikoresho byose bipakira abanyamuryango babo bashyize ku isoko bitarenze 2030.
Ibi byose byavuzwe haruguru byazanye imbaraga mu nganda zicunga imyanda, biteza imbere uburinganire, igipimo n’iterambere rirambye ry’inganda, bityo bizana amahirwe y’ubucuruzi mu iterambere.
Bimwe mu bisobanuro biri muri iyi ngingo byakusanyirijwe mu rugaga rw’ubucuruzi rwa Hong Kong muri Vietnam.
