1. Takaitaccen tarihin ci gaba
Masana'antar robobi a Bangladesh ta fara ne a cikin shekarun 1960. Idan aka kwatanta da masana'antar kera tufafi da masana'antar fata, tarihin ci gaban ba shi da ɗan gajarta. Tare da saurin bunkasar tattalin arzikin Bangladesh a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masana'antar robobi sun zama mahimman masana'antu. Takaitaccen tarihin cigaban masana'antar filastik na Bangladesh shine kamar haka:
Shekarun 1960: A matakin farko, an fi yin amfani da molds don ƙirƙirar kayan wasa, mundaye, hotunan hoto da sauran ƙananan kayayyaki, kuma an samar da sassan filastik don masana'antar jute;
1970s: An fara amfani da injina masu sarrafa kansu don samar da tukwanen roba, faranti da sauran kayayyakin amfanin gida;
Shekarun 1980: An fara amfani da injunan busa fim don samar da buhunan roba da sauran kayayyaki.
Shekarar 1990s: An fara kera rataye filastik da sauran kayan haɗi don tufafin fitarwa;
Farkon karni na 21: An fara samar da kujerun filastik da aka gyara, tebur, da dai sauransu. Yankin yankin na Bangladesh ya fara samar da matattarar abubuwa, masu ba da fata da kayan kwalliya don sake sarrafa shara ta filastik.
2. Matsayin ci gaban masana'antu na yanzu
(1) Bayani game da masana'antu na yau da kullun.
Kasuwar cikin gida ta masana'antun leda na Bangladesh kusan dala miliyan 950, tare da kamfanonin samar da sama da 5,000, galibi ƙanana da matsakaitan masana'antu, galibi a cikin biranen biranen kamar Dhaka da Chittagong, suna samar da ayyuka sama da miliyan 1.2 kai tsaye da kai tsaye. Akwai samfuran filastik fiye da 2500, amma matakin ƙwarewar masana'antar ba ta da yawa. A yanzu haka, akasarin robobi da kayan kwalliya da ake amfani da su a Bangladesh an samar da su a cikin gida. Amfani da filastik na kowane mutum a Bangladesh ya kai kilogiram 5, wanda ya ragu sosai fiye da matsakaita na duniya na amfani da kilo 80. Daga 2005 zuwa 2014, matsakaicin ci gaban shekara na masana'antun robobi na Bangladesh ya wuce 18%. Wani rahoton binciken na 2012 na Hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziki na Asiya da Fasifik (UNESCAP) ya yi hasashen cewa, yawan kayan masarufin masana'antar leda na Bangladesh na iya kaiwa dalar Amurka biliyan 4 a shekarar 2020. A matsayinta na masana'anta mai karfin aiki, gwamnatin Bangladesh ta amince da damar bunkasa kasuwa na masana'antar robobi kuma sun sanya ta a matsayin masana'antar fifiko a cikin "Manufofin Masana'antu na Kasa na 2016" da "Manufar Fitarwa na 2015-2018". Dangane da Tsarin Bakwai na Bakwai na Bakwai na Shekaru Biyar, masana'antun robobi na Bangladesh za su kara wadatar bambance-bambancen kayayyakin fitarwa da samar da karfi na kayan tallafi don ci gaban masana'antun masaku da haske na Bangladesh.
(2) Kasuwancin shigo da masana'antu.
Kusan dukkanin injuna da kayan aiki a masana'antar keɓaɓɓu na Bangladesh ana shigo da su daga ƙasashen waje. Daga cikin su, masu kera kananan kayayyaki da matsakaita-matsakaita sun fi shigowa daga Indiya, China da Thailand, da kuma masu kera kayayyakin na karshen wadanda suka fi shigowa daga kasashen Taiwan, Japan, Turai da Amurka. A cikin gida yawan aiki da filastik samar da kyawon tsayuwa ne kawai game da 10%. Bugu da kari, masana'antun robobi a Bangladesh sun dogara ne kan shigo da kayayyaki da sake sarrafa shara ta roba. Abubuwan da aka shigo dasu galibi sun hada da polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), da polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Kuma polystyrene (PS), wanda yakai kashi 0.26% na shigo da kayayyakin roba a duniya, yakai matsayin 59 a duniya. China, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Koriya ta Kudu da Thailand sune manyan kasuwannin samar da albarkatun kasa, wadanda suka kai kaso 65.9% na yawan albarkatun roba na Bangladesh.
(3) Fitar da Masana'antu.
A halin yanzu, kayan da ake fitarwa a Bangladesh suna matsayi na 89 a duniya, kuma har yanzu ba ta zama babbar mai fitar da kayayyakin roba ba. A cikin shekarar kasafin kudi ta 2016-2017, kusan masana'antun 300 a Bangladesh sun fitar da kayayyakin roba, tare da kimar fitarwa kai tsaye ta kusan dalar Amurka miliyan 117, wanda ya ba da fiye da 1% zuwa GDP na Bangladesh. Bugu da kari, ana fitar da kayayyakin roba masu yawa kai tsaye, kamar kayan sawa, bangarorin polyester, kayan marufi, da sauransu Kasashe da yankuna kamar Poland, China, India, Belgium, Faransa, Jamus, Canada, Spain, Australia, Japan , New Zealand, Netherlands, Italia, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, Malaysia da Hong Kong sune manyan wuraren da ake fitar da kayayyakin roba na Bangladesh. Manyan kasuwannin fitarwa guda biyar, wadanda suka hada da China, da Amurka, da Indiya, da Jamus da kuma Beljiyom sun kai kusan kashi 73% na jimlar yawan kayayyakin da ake fitarwa a kasar ta Bangladesh.
(4) Sake amfani da shara ta roba.
Masana'antar sake sarrafa shara ta roba a Bangladesh galibi tana tattare ne da babban birnin Dhaka. Akwai kamfanoni kimanin 300 da ke aikin sake amfani da shara, sama da ma'aikata 25,000, kuma ana sarrafa tan 140 na shara na roba a kowace rana. Sake yin amfani da shara mai gurɓataccen gini ya zama muhimmin ɓangare na masana'antar robobi a Bangladesh.
3. Babban kalubalen
(1) Ingancin kayayyakin roba na bukatar a kara inganta su.
Kashi 98% na masana'antun samar da roba na Bangladesh kananan da matsakaita ne. Mafi yawansu suna amfani da kayan aikin da aka shigo da su da aka shigo da su da kuma kayan aikin hannu na cikin gida. Yana da wahala a sayi kayan aiki na karshe tare da manyan injina da kere kere ta hanyar kudadensu, wanda hakan ke haifar da ingancin kayayyakin leda na Bangladesh. Babu babba, ba ƙarfi gasawar ƙasa da ƙasa ba.
(2) Matsayin ingancin kayan filastik suna buƙatar haɗawa.
Rashin daidaitattun ka'idoji don takamaiman kayan ma muhimmin lamari ne da ke ƙuntata ci gaban masana'antar robobi a Bangladesh. A halin yanzu, Ka'idojin Bangladesh da Ka'idodin Gwaji (BSTI) suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsayi don ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodin ingancin kayayyakin robobi, kuma yana da wahala a cimma yarjejeniya tare da masana'antun kan amfani da ƙa'idodin Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka ko International Codex Alimentarius Commission Matsayin CODEX don ƙimar samfurin filastik na abinci. BSTI yakamata ya daidaita daidaitattun samfuran filastik da wuri-wuri, sabunta nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan leda 26 da aka bayar, da kuma kirkirar karin kayayyakin roba a bisa ka'idojin satifiket na Bangladesh da kasashen da suke zuwa kasashen waje don tabbatar da samar da babban- robobi masu inganci waɗanda suka dace da ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya. Samfura don haɓaka gasa ta duniya na samfuran Meng Plastics.
(3) Gudanar da sarrafa masana'antar sake sarrafa shara na roba yana bukatar kara karfafawa.
Abubuwan haɗin Bangladesh ba su da ɗan baya, kuma ba a riga an kafa kyakkyawan sharar gida, ruwa mai ƙaura da tsarin sake sarrafa sinadarai ba. A cewar rahotanni, akalla tan 300,000 na kwandon roba a cikin koguna da dausayi a Bangladesh a kowace shekara, wanda hakan ke zama babbar barazana ga muhalli. Tun daga 2002, gwamnati ta hana amfani da buhunan polyethylene, kuma amfani da jakunkunan takardu, jakankunan kyallen da na jute sun fara karuwa, amma tasirin haramcin bai bayyana ba. Yadda za a daidaita samar da kayayyakin roba da sake sarrafa shara ta roba da kuma rage barnar da ke cikin leda da muhalli da muhallin zama na Bangladesh matsala ce da dole sai gwamnatin Bangladesh ta kula da ita yadda ya kamata.
(4) Matakan fasaha na ma'aikata a masana'antar robobi na bukatar a kara inganta su.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, gwamnatin Bangladesh ta dauki matakai daban-daban don inganta kwarewar ma'aikatanta. Misali, kungiyar masu kera kayayyakin roba da kungiyar masu fitar da kaya ta Bangladesh sun kirkiro da kafa Cibiyar Injin Injin roba da Fasaha ta Bangladesh (BIPET) don inganta matakan fasaha na ma'aikatan masana'antar filastik na Bangladesh ta hanyar jerin kwasa-kwasan sana'a da fasaha. Amma gabaɗaya, matakin fasaha na ma'aikatan masana'antun robobi na Bangladesh ba su da yawa. Yakamata gwamnatin Bangladesh ta ƙara haɓaka horo kuma a lokaci guda ta ƙarfafa musayar fasaha da haɓaka ƙarfin aiki tare da manyan ƙasashe masu kera filastik kamar China da Indiya don inganta ƙwarewar fasahar fasaha ta masana'antar robobi a Bangladesh. .
(5) Taimako na siyasa yana buƙatar ƙara haɓaka.
Dangane da goyon bayan manufofin gwamnati, masana'antun robobi na Bangladesh suna nesa da masana'antar kera tufafi. Misali, Hukumar Kwastam ta Bangladesh tana binciken lasisin hadewar masana'antun leda a kowace shekara, yayin da take bincikar masu kera rigar sau daya a duk shekara uku. Harajin kamfani na masana'antar filastik shine ƙimar yau da kullun, ma'ana, 25% na kamfanonin da aka lissafa da 35% ga kamfanonin da ba a lissafa ba. Harajin kamfani na masana'antar kera tufa kashi 12%; babu asali babu ragin harajin fitarwa na kayayyakin filastik; iyakar iyakar aikace-aikacen Asusun Bunkasa Fitar da kayayyaki na Bangladesh (EDF) don masana'antun kera filastik ya kai dalar Amurka miliyan 1, kuma mai kera riguna dala miliyan 25 ne. Don ci gaba da haɓaka ci gaban ƙwarewar masana'antar leda na Bangladesh, ƙarin tallafin manufofi daga sassan gwamnati kamar Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci da Masana'antu ta Bangladesh zai kasance mai matukar mahimmanci.
