1. Mbiri yachidule yachitukuko
Makampani opanga mapulasitiki ku Bangladesh adayamba mzaka za m'ma 1960. Poyerekeza ndi mafakitale opanga zovala ndi zikopa, mbiri yakukula ndi yochepa. Ndi kukula kwachuma kofulumira kwa Bangladesh mzaka zaposachedwa, makampani opanga mapulasitiki akhala ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Mbiri yaying'ono yakukula kwa mafakitale aku Bangladesh ndi awa:
1960: Pachiyambi choyambirira, nkhungu zopangira zidagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zoseweretsa, zibangili, mafelemu azithunzi ndi zinthu zina zazing'ono, komanso magawo apulasitiki amsika a jute amapangidwanso;
1970s: Anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito makina ogwiritsa ntchito kupanga miphika yapulasitiki, mbale ndi zinthu zina zapakhomo;
1980s: Anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito makina owombera kanema kuti apange matumba apulasitiki ndi zinthu zina.
1990s: Anayamba kupanga zopachika pulasitiki ndi zida zina zovala zakunja;
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 21: Adayamba kupanga mipando ya pulasitiki, matebulo, ndi zina zambiri. Madera aku Bangladesh adayamba kupanga ma pulverizer, ma extruders ndi ma pelletizers obwezeretsanso zinyalala za pulasitiki.
2. Mkhalidwe wapano pakukula kwamakampani
(1) Chidule cha mafakitale oyambira.
Msika wapanyumba wamakampani opanga mapulasitiki aku Bangladesh ndi pafupifupi US $ 950 miliyoni, ndi makampani opitilira 5,000, makamaka mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono komanso apakatikati, makamaka m'malire a mizinda monga Dhaka ndi Chittagong, yopereka ntchito zachindunji komanso zosagwirizana zoposa 1.2 miliyoni. Pali mitundu yopitilira 2500 ya zinthu zapulasitiki, koma luso lonse lazamalonda sili lokwera. Pakadali pano, mapulasitiki ambiri apakompyuta ndi zomangira zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Bangladesh apangidwa kwanuko. Kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki kwa munthu aliyense ku Bangladesh ndi 5 kg yokha, yomwe ndi yotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi 80 kg. Kuchokera mu 2005 mpaka 2014, kuchuluka kwakukula kwapachaka kwamakampani apulasitiki ku Bangladesh kudaposa 18%. Lipoti lowerengera mu 2012 la United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (UNESCAP) linaneneratu kuti phindu la mafakitale apulasitiki aku Bangladesh litha kufika US $ 4 biliyoni mu 2020. Monga ntchito yofuna anthu ambiri, boma la Bangladesh lazindikira kuthekera kokulitsa msika pamsika wamakampani apulasitiki ndipo adaiphatikiza ngati ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu "National National Policy Policy" ndi "2015 Export Policy". Malinga ndi Dongosolo Lachisanu ndi chiwiri la Zaka zisanu ku Bangladesh, mafakitale aku Bangladesh apititsanso patsogolo kusiyanasiyana kwa zinthu zogulitsa kunja ndikupereka chithandizo champhamvu pazinthu zachitukuko cha nsalu za ku Bangladesh komanso zopepuka.
(2) msika wogulitsa kunja.
Pafupifupi makina onse ndi zida zonse m'makampani opanga mapulasitiki aku Bangladesh amachokera kunja. Pakati pawo, opanga zinthu zotsika ndi zapakatikati makamaka amatenga kuchokera ku India, China ndi Thailand, komanso opanga zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri amatumiza ku Taiwan, Japan, Europe ndi United States. Zokolola zapakhomo za pulasitiki zimangokhala 10%. Kuphatikiza apo, mafakitale apulasitiki ku Bangladesh makamaka amadalira zogulitsa zakunja ndi kuzikonzanso. Zida zopangidwa kunja zimaphatikizapo polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), ndi polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Ndipo polystyrene (PS), yowerengera 0,26% yazogulitsa zapulasitiki padziko lonse lapansi, yomwe ili pa 59th padziko lapansi. China, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, South Korea ndi Thailand ndi misika isanu yayikulu yopangira zinthu zopangira, zomwe zimawerengera 65.9% yazogulitsa zonse zakapulasitiki ku Bangladesh.
(3) Zogulitsa kunja.
Pakadali pano, zogulitsa kunja kwa pulasitiki ku Bangladesh zili pa nambala 89 padziko lapansi, ndipo sizinakhale zogulitsa kunja kwa zinthu zapulasitiki. M'chaka chachuma cha 2016-2017, pafupifupi 300 opanga ku Bangladesh adatumiza kunja zinthu zapulasitiki, zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja pafupifupi $ 117 miliyoni, zomwe zidapereka zoposa 1% ku GDP ya Bangladesh. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zambiri zapulasitiki zosatumizika zimatumizidwa kunja, monga zovala, ma polyester, zokutira, ndi zina. Mayiko ndi madera monga Poland, China, India, Belgium, France, Germany, Canada, Spain, Australia, Japan , New Zealand, Netherlands, Italy, United Arab Emirates, Malaysia ndi Hong Kong ndi malo omwe amagulitsako katundu wa pulasitiki ku Bangladesh. Misika isanu ikuluikulu yotumiza kunja, yomwe ndi China, United States, India, Germany ndi Belgium ndi pafupifupi 73% yamayiko onse omwe amagulitsidwa ku Bangladesh.
(4) Kubwezeretsanso zinyalala zapulasitiki.
Makampani opanga zinyalala apulasitiki ku Bangladesh makamaka amakhala mozungulira likulu la Dhaka. Pali makampani pafupifupi 300 omwe amagwiritsanso ntchito zinyalala zobwezerezedwanso, antchito opitilira 25,000, ndipo pafupifupi matani 140 a zinyalala zapulasitiki amakonzedwa tsiku lililonse. Kukonzanso zinyalala zapulasitiki kwakhala gawo lofunikira pamakampani apulasitiki aku Bangladesh.
3. Zovuta zazikulu
(1) Ubwino wazinthu zapulasitiki zimayenera kupitilizidwa.
98% yamabizinesi apulasitiki aku Bangladesh ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono komanso apakatikati. Ambiri a iwo amagwiritsa ntchito makina osinthidwa omwe ali kunja ndi zida zopangidwa kwanuko. Ndizovuta kugula zida zapamwamba ndi makina apamwamba komanso luso lapamwamba ndi ndalama zawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zonse zapulasitiki ku Bangladesh zikhale zabwino kwambiri. Osati okwera, osati mpikisano wamphamvu wapadziko lonse.
(2) Miyezo yamtundu wazinthu zamapulasitiki amafunika kuti akhale ogwirizana.
Kuperewera kwa miyezo yazinthu zinazake ndichinthu chofunikira cholepheretsa chitukuko chamakampani apulasitiki ku Bangladesh. Pakadali pano, Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institute (BSTI) imatenga nthawi yayitali kwambiri kuti ipange miyezo yazinthu zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki, ndipo ndizovuta kufikira mgwirizano ndi opanga ngati angagwiritse ntchito muyezo wa US Food and Drug Administration kapena International Codex Alimentarius Commission Muyeso wa CODEX wamagulu azakudya zamagulu apulasitiki. BSTI iyenera kuphatikiza miyezo ya zinthu zapulasitiki mwachangu posachedwa, kusinthitsa mitundu 26 ya miyezo yazogulitsa pulasitiki yomwe yaperekedwa, ndikupanga miyezo yambiri yazogulitsa pulasitiki kutengera zovomerezeka za Bangladesh ndi mayiko omwe akupita kunja kuti awonetsetse kuti mapulasitiki abwino omwe amakwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi. Zida zopititsa patsogolo mpikisano wapadziko lonse wazogulitsa za Meng Plastics.
(3) Kuwongolera kwa mafakitale opangira zinyalala zapulasitiki kumafunika kulimbikitsidwa.
Zomangamanga ku Bangladesh ndizobwerera m'mbuyo, ndipo njira yabwino yoyendetsera zinyalala, madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kukonzanso mankhwala sizinakhazikitsidwe. Malinga ndi malipoti, matani osachepera 300,000 a pulasitiki amatayidwa mumitsinje ndi madambo ku Bangladesh chaka chilichonse, zomwe zimawopseza chilengedwe. Kuyambira 2002, boma lidaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito matumba a polyethylene, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito zikwama zamapepala, zikwama zamatumba ndi matumba a jute zidayamba kuchuluka, koma zotsatira za chiletso sichinali chowonekera. Momwe mungasinthire bwino ntchito yopanga zinthu zapulasitiki komanso kukonzanso zinyalala zapulasitiki ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zinyalala zapulasitiki ku zachilengedwe ndi malo okhala ku Bangladesh ndi vuto lomwe boma la Bangladeshi liyenera kuthana nalo moyenera.
(4) Mulingo waluso wa ogwira ntchito m'makampani apulasitiki uyenera kupitilizidwa.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, boma la Bangladeshi latenga njira zosiyanasiyana zokulitsira luso la ogwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, Bangladesh Plastics Product Manufacturers and Exporters Association idakhazikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Bangladesh Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology (BIPET) kuti ikwaniritse ukadaulo wa ogwira ntchito m'makampani opanga mapulasitiki aku Bangladeshi kudzera m'maphunziro angapo aukadaulo ndiukadaulo. Koma chonsecho, mulingo waluso wa ogwira ntchito m'makampani opanga mapulasitiki aku Bangladeshi siwokwera. Boma la Bangladeshi liyenera kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro ndipo nthawi yomweyo lilimbikitse kusinthana kwaukadaulo ndikupanga kuthekera ndi mayiko akuluakulu opanga pulasitiki monga China ndi India kuti atukule magwiridwe antchito apulasitiki ku Bangladesh. .
(5) Thandizo landondomeko liyenera kuwonjezeredwa.
Pankhani yothandizidwa ndi boma, mafakitale aku Bangladesh atsalira kwambiri pantchito yopanga zovala. Mwachitsanzo, Bangladesh Customs imayendera chiphaso chovomerezeka cha opanga pulasitiki chaka chilichonse, pomwe imayang'anira opanga zovala kamodzi zaka zitatu zilizonse. Misonkho yamakampani opanga pulasitiki ndi mulingo wabwinobwino, ndiye kuti, 25% yamakampani omwe adalembedwa ndi 35% yamakampani omwe sanatchulidwe. Misonkho yogulitsa pamakampani opanga zovala ndi 12%; palibe kuchotsera msonkho kwa katundu wapulasitiki wogulitsa kunja; malire apamwamba pakufunsira kwa Bangladesh Export Development Fund (EDF) yamakampani opanga pulasitiki ndi 1 miliyoni US dollars, ndipo wopanga zovala ndi madola 25 miliyoni aku US. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko champhamvu chamakampani opanga mapulasitiki aku Bangladesh, kuthandizira mfundo kuchokera kumaboma aboma monga Unduna wa Zamalonda ndi Makampani ku Bangladesh ndikofunikira kwambiri.
