1. Nalane e khuts'oane ea nts'etsopele
Indasteri ea polasetiki naheng ea Bangladesh e qalile lilemong tsa bo-1960. Ha e bapisoa le tlhahiso ea liaparo le liindasteri tsa letlalo, nalane ea nts'etsopele e khuts'oane. Ka kholo e potlakileng ea moruo oa Bangladesh lilemong tsa morao tjena, indasteri ea polasetiki e fetohile indasteri ea bohlokoa. Nalane e khuts'oane ea nalane ea indasteri ea polasetiki ea Bangladesh e tjena:
Lilemong tsa bo-1960: Mokhahlelong oa pele, hlobo ea maiketsetso e ne e sebelisoa haholo ho hlahisa lintho tsa ho bapala, lipetja, liforeimi le lihlahisoa tse ling tse nyane, 'me likarolo tsa polasetiki bakeng sa indasteri ea jute le tsona li hlahisitsoe;
Lilemong tsa bo-1970: E qalile ho sebelisa mechini e iketsang ho hlahisa lipitsa tsa polasetiki, lipoleiti le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa lapeng;
Lilemong tsa bo-1980: E qalile ho sebelisa mechini e fehlang lifilimi ho hlahisa mekotla ea polasetiki le lihlahisoa tse ling.
Lilemong tsa bo-1990: E qalile ho hlahisa li-hanger tsa polasetiki le lisebelisoa tse ling bakeng sa liaparo tsa kantle ho naha;
Mathoasong a lekholo la bo21 la lilemo: E qalile ho hlahisa litulo tsa polasetiki tse bopehileng, litafole, jj. Sebaka sa lehae sa Bangladesh se qalile ho hlahisa li-pulverizer, li-extruders le li-pelletizer bakeng sa ho nchafatsa litšila tsa polasetiki.
2. Boemo ba hajoale ba nts'etsopele ea indasteri
(1) Kakaretso ea liindasteri tsa mantlha.
Mmaraka oa malapeng oa indasteri ea polasetiki ea Bangladesh e ka ba $ 950 milione ea Amerika, e nang le lik'hamphani tse fetang 5,000 tsa tlhahiso, haholo-holo likhoebo tse nyane le tse mahareng, haholo-holo tikolohong ea litoropo tse kang Dhaka le Chittagong, tse fanang ka mesebetsi e tobileng le e sa tobang e fetang limilione tse 1,2. Ho na le mefuta e fetang 2500 ea lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki, empa boemo ba kakaretso ba indasteri ha bo phahameng. Hajoale, boholo ba polasetiki ea malapa le thepa ea ho paka e sebelisoang Bangladesh e se e hlahisitsoe sebakeng sa heno. Ts'ebeliso ea polasetiki ea motho ka mong ho la Bangladesh ke li-5 kg feela, e leng tlase haholo ho feta ts'ebeliso ea lefatše ea 80 kg. Ho tloha ka 2005 ho isa ho 2014, karolelano ea kholo ea selemo le selemo ea indasteri ea polasetiki ea Bangladesh e feta 18%. Tlaleho ea boithuto ea 2012 ea Khomishene ea Moruo le Boiketlo ba Machaba a Kopaneng bakeng sa Asia le Pacific (UNESCAP) e boletse esale pele hore boleng ba tlhahiso ea indasteri ea polasetiki ea Bangladesh bo ka fihla ho US $ 4 billion ka 2020. Joaloka indasteri e sebelisang basebetsi ba bangata, mmuso oa Bangladesh o amohetse bokhoni ba nts'etsopele ea mmaraka ba indasteri ea polasetiki mme ba e kenyelletsa e le indasteri ea mantlha ho "Leano la Naha la Liindasteri la 2016" le "Leano la Export la 2015-2018". Ho latela Leano la Boroa la lilemo tse hlano la Bangladesh, indasteri ea polasetiki ea Bangladesh e tla tsoela pele ho ruisa phapang ea lihlahisoa tsa kantle ho naha le ho fana ka tšehetso e matla ea sehlahisoa bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea masela le leseli ea Bangladesh.
(2) Mmaraka oa kantle ho naha oa indasteri.
Hoo e ka bang mechini le lisebelisoa tsohle indastering ea polasetiki ea Bangladesh li romeloa kantle ho naha. Har'a bona, baetsi ba lihlahisoa tse maemong a tlase le a mahareng ba kenya haholo ho tsoa India, China le Thailand, le baetsi ba lihlahisoa tse maemong a holimo haholoholo ba lata ho tsoa Taiwan, Japane, Yuropa le United States. Tlhahiso ea lapeng ea hlobo ea polasetiki e ka ba 10% feela. Ntle le moo, indasteri ea polasetiki naheng ea Bangladesh ha e le hantle e itšetleha ka ho kenya thepa le ho nchafatsa litšila tsa polasetiki. Lisebelisoa tse tsoang kantle ho naha li kenyelletsa polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) le polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Le polystyrene (PS), e ikarabellang bakeng sa 0.26% ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha ea lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki, e maemong a 59 lefats'eng. China, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Korea Boroa le Thailand ke mebaraka e meholo e mehlano ea phepelo ea thepa e tala, e ikarabellang bakeng sa 65.9% ea kakaretso ea thepa e kenang ea polasetiki e tala ea Bangladesh.
(3) Lihlahisoa tsa indasteri.
Hajoale, thepa e romeloang kantle ho naha ea polasetiki ea Bangladesh e maemong a 89 lefats'eng, 'me ha e so fetohe morekisi e moholo oa lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki. Selemong sa lichelete sa 2016-2017, baetsi ba ka bang 300 naheng ea Bangladesh ba romelletse lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki kantle ho naha, ka boleng bo otlolohileng ba kantle ho naha bo ka bang $ 117 milione ea Amerika, e kentseng chelete e fetang 1% ho GDP ea Bangladesh. Ntle le moo, palo e kholo ea lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki tse sa tobang li romeloa kantle ho naha, joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa seaparo, liphanele tsa poliester, thepa ea ho paka, jj.Linaha le libaka tse joalo ka Poland, China, India, Belgium, France, Germany, Canada, Spain, Australia, Japan , New Zealand, Netherlands, Italy, United Arab Emirates, Malaysia le Hong Kong ke libaka tse ka sehloohong tse romelloang kantle ho naha tsa lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki tsa Bangladesh. Limmaraka tse hlano tse kholo tsa kantle ho naha, e leng China, United States, India, Jeremane le Belgium li ikarabella ho 73% ea kakaretso ea thepa e romelloang ea polasetiki ea Bangladesh.
(4) Ho sebelisoa botjha ha litšila tsa polasetiki.
Indasteri ea polasetiki ea litšila e sebelisoang bocha ka Bangladesh e shebane haholo le motse-moholo Dhaka. Ho na le likhamphani tse ka bang 300 tse sebetsanang le ho nchafatsa litšila, basebetsi ba fetang 25,000, le lithane tse ka bang 140 tsa litšila tsa polasetiki li sebetsoa letsatsi le leng le le leng. Ts'ebetso ea litšila ea polasetiki e se e fetohile karolo ea bohlokoa indastering ea polasetiki ea Bangladesh.
3. Liphephetso tse kholo
(1) Boleng ba lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki bo hloka ho ntlafatsoa hape.
98% ea likhoebo tsa tlhahiso ea polasetiki ea Bangladesh ke likhoebo tse nyane le tse mahareng. Boholo ba bona basebelisa lisebelisoa tse fetotsoeng tse tsoang kantle ho naha le lisebelisoa tsa matsoho tse hlahisoang kahara naha. Ho thata ho reka lisebelisoa tse phahameng tse nang le boiketsetso bo phahameng le boqapi bo tsoetseng pele ka lichelete tsa bona, ho baka boleng ba kakaretso ba lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki tsa Bangladesh. Ha e phahameng, eseng tlholisano e matla ea machabeng.
(2) Litekanyetso tsa boleng ba lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki li hloka ho kopanngoa.
Ho haella ha maemo a boleng ba lihlahisoa tse ikhethang hape ke ntlha ea bohlokoa e thibelang nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea polasetiki naheng ea Bangladesh. Hajoale, Setsi sa Litekanyetso le Liteko tsa Bangladesh (BSTI) se nka nako e telele ho hlahisa maemo a boleng ba lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki, mme ho thata ho fihlela tumellano le baetsi ba hore na basebelise maemo a Tsamaiso ea Lijo le Lithethefatsi a US kapa Khomishene ea Machabeng ea Codex Alimentarius Tekanyetso ea CODEX ea litekanyetso tsa sehlahisoa sa polasetiki ea lijo. BSTI e lokela ho kopanya litekanyetso tse loketseng tsa sehlahisoa sa polasetiki kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang, e nchafatse mefuta e 26 ea litekanyetso tsa lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki tse fanoeng, le ho theha litekanyetso tse ling tsa lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki ho latela maemo a netefatso a Bangladesh le linaha tse romeloang kantle ho naha ho netefatsa tlhahiso ea li-plastiki tsa boleng bo holimo tse fihlelang maemo a machabeng. Lihlahisoa ho ntlafatsa tlholisano ea machabeng ea lihlahisoa tsa Meng Plastics.
(3) Tsamaiso ea indasteri ea polasetiki ea litšila e hloka ho matlafatsoa le ho feta.
Lisebelisuoa tsa naha ea Bangladesh li batla li le morao haholo, 'me litšila tse ntle, metsi a litšila le sistimi ea taolo ea ho nchafatsa lik'hemik'hale ha e so thehoe. Ho ea ka litlaleho, bonyane lithane tse 300,000 tsa litšila tsa polasetiki li tšeloa linokeng le libakeng tse mongobo Bangladesh selemo se seng le se seng, e leng tšokelo e kholo tikolohong ea tikoloho. Ho tloha ka 2002, mmuso o ile oa thibela tšebeliso ea mekotla ea polyethylene, mme ts'ebeliso ea mekotla ea pampiri, mekotla ea masela le mekotla ea jute e ile ea qala ho eketseha, empa phello ea thibelo e ne e sa hlaka. Mokhoa oa ho leka-lekanya ntlafatso ea lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki le ho nchafatsa litšila tsa polasetiki le ho fokotsa tšenyo ea litšila tsa polasetiki tikolohong le tikolohong ea bophelo ba Bangladesh ke bothata boo mmuso oa Bangladeshi o tlamehang ho bo sebetsana hantle.
(4) Boemo ba mahlale ba basebetsi indastering ea polasetiki bo hloka ho ntlafatsoa hape.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, mmuso oa Bangladeshi o nkile mehato e fapaneng ho ntlafatsa tsebo ea basebetsi ba ona. Mohlala, Bangoli ba Lihlahisoa tsa Li-Plastik tsa Banglade le Barekisi ba Kantle ho naha ba qalile ho theoa Bangladesh Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology (BIPET) ho ntlafatsa boemo ba tekheniki ba basebetsi ba indasteri ea polasetiki ea Bangladeshi ka letoto la lithuto tse lebisitsoeng ho tsa mosebetsi oa matsoho le tsa mahlale. Empa ka kakaretso, boemo ba mahlale ba basebetsi ba indasteri ea polasetiki ea Bangladeshi ha bo holimo. Mmuso oa Bangladeshi o lokela ho eketsa koetliso le ho matlafatsa phapanyetsano ea mahlale le ho aha bokhoni le linaha tse kholo tse hlahisang polasetiki joalo ka China le India ho ntlafatsa maemo a tekheniki ea indasteri ea polasetiki ho la Bangladesh. .
(5) Ts'ehetso ea leano e hloka ho eketsoa haholoanyane.
Mabapi le ts'ehetso ea leano la mmuso, indasteri ea polasetiki ea Bangladesh e salletse morao haholo ho indasteri ea tlhahiso ea liaparo. Mohlala, Bolaoli ba Meetlo ea Bangladesh bo hlahloba laesense e tlamang ea baetsi ba polasetiki selemo se seng le se seng, ha e ntse e hlahloba baetsi ba liaparo hang kamora lilemo tse tharo. Lekhetho la khoebo ea indasteri ea polasetiki ke sekhahla se tloaelehileng, ke hore, 25% bakeng sa lik'hamphani tse thathamisitsoeng le 35% bakeng sa lik'hamphani tse seng lenaneng. Lekhetho la khoebo bakeng sa indasteri ea tlhahiso ea liaparo ke 12%; ha ho na tefo ea lekhetho la kantle ho naha bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki; moeli o kaholimo ho kopo ea Letlole la Nts'etsopele ea Kantle ho Naha la Bangladesh (EDF) bakeng sa likhoebo tsa tlhahiso ea polasetiki ke lidolara tse limilione tse 1 tsa Amerika, mme moetsi oa liaparo ke lidolara tse limilione tse 25 tsa Amerika. Bakeng sa ho ntšetsa pele nts'etsopele e matla ea indasteri ea polasetiki ea Bangladesh, tšehetso e tsoelang pele ea leano ho tsoa mafapheng a mmuso joalo ka Lekala la Khoebo le Indasteri ea Bangladesh e tla ba bohlokoa haholo.
