1. Mōʻaukala hoʻomōkole pōkole
Ua hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana plastics ma Bangladesh i nā makahiki 1960. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hana lole a me nā ʻili ʻili, he pōkole loa ka mōʻaukala hoʻomohala. Me ka ulu nui o ka hoʻokele waiwai o Bangladesh i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lilo ka ʻoihana plastics i ʻoihana nui. ʻO ka mōʻaukala hoʻomohala pōkole o ka ʻoihana palaka ʻo Bangladesh penei:
1960s: i ka pae mua, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā popo hana e hana i nā mea pāʻani, nā kūpeʻe lima, nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi a me nā huahana liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe, a ua hana pū ʻia nā ʻāpana palaka no ka ʻoihana jute;
1970s: Hoʻomaka e hoʻohana i nā mīkini hana hana e hana i nā ipu hao, nā pā a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe;
1980s: Hoʻomaka e hoʻohana i nā mīkini puhi kiʻiʻoniʻoni e hana i nā ʻeke ea a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe.
1990s: Hoʻomaka e hana i nā hangers ea a me nā mea pono ʻē aʻe no nā lole hoʻolilo;
I ke kenekulia 21 mua: ua hoʻomaka e hana i nā noho palolo i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, nā papa ʻaina, a pēlā aku.
2. Ke kūlana o kēia manawa o ka hoʻomohala ʻoihana
(1) Nānā i nā ʻoihana kumu.
ʻO ka mākeke kūloko o ka ʻoihana plastics a Bangladesh ma kahi o US $ 950 miliona, me ka ʻoi aku o 5,000 mau ʻoihana hana, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a me waena, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā wahi o nā kūlanakauhale e like me Dhaka a me Chittagong, e hāʻawi ana ma mua o 1.2 miliona mau hana pololei a pololei ʻole. Aia ma mua o 2500 ʻano o nā huahana ea, akā ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka pae loea o ka ʻoihana. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā plastics a me nā pono ukana i hoʻohana ʻia ma Bangladesh i hana kūloko ʻia. ʻO ka pau ʻana o ka palapū ma kapika ma Bangladesh he 5 kg wale nō, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hoʻohana maʻamau o ka honua he 80 kg. Mai ka 2005 a i ka 2014, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka ulu ulu o nā ʻoihana palaka ma 18% ma mua o 18%. Ua wānana kahi hōʻike noiʻi 2012 o ka United Nations Economic and Social Commission no Asia a me ka Pākīpika (UNESCAP) i ka waiwai hoʻopuka o nā ʻoihana palaka o Bangladesh e hiki aku i ka US $ 4 biliona ma 2020. Ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana hana nui, ua ʻike ke aupuni Bangladesh i ka hiki ke hoʻomohala i nā mākeke o ka ʻoihana plastics a hoʻokomo iā ia ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana nui i ka "2016 National Industrial Policy" a me "2015-2018 Export Policy". Wahi a ka Bangladesh ʻElima Makahiki Hoʻolālā, e hoʻonui hou ka ʻoihana plastics o Bangladesh i ka ʻokoʻa o nā huahana mea hoʻolilo a hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo huahana ikaika no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lole lole a me ka ʻoihana māmā o Bangladesh.
(2) Mākeke hoʻokomo ʻenehana.
ʻAneʻane ʻo nā mīkini a me nā pono hana a pau i loko o nā ʻoihana plastik o Bangladesh e lawe ʻia mai mai nā ʻāina ʻē. Ma waena o lākou, nā mea hana o nā huahana haʻahaʻa a me ka hopena i lawe nui ʻia mai India, Kina a me Thailand, a me nā mea hana i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe i lawe nui ʻia mai Taiwan, Iapana, ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO ka huahana home o nā hana hoʻoheheʻe palaka ma kahi o 10% wale nō. Hoʻohui ʻia, hilinaʻi ka ʻoihana plastik ma Bangladesh i ka lawe mai a me ka hana hou ʻana i nā ʻōpala ea. ʻO nā mea i lawe ʻia mai i hoʻokomo ʻia me polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), a me polyethylene terephthalate (PET). A me polystyrene (PS), e helu ana no 0.26% o ko ka honua lawe ʻia mai o nā huahana lula, ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe 59th o ka honua. ʻO Kina, Saudi ʻAlapia, Taiwan, Kōlea Hema a me Thailand nā ʻelima nui o nā mākana lako lako, e helu ana no 65.9% o ka huina nui o nā mea raw a Bangladesh i lawe mai.
(3) Hana hoʻolilo hana.
I kēia manawa, hoʻonohonoho ka pelekika palika o Bangladesh i ka 89 ma ka honua, a ʻaʻole ia i lilo i mea hoʻolaha nui i nā huahana lula. I ka makahiki makahiki 2016-2017, ma kahi o 300 mau mea hana ma Bangladesh i lawe aku i nā huahana ea, me kahi waiwai hoʻouka pololei e pili ana iā US $ 117 miliona, i hāʻawi nui aku ma mua o 1% i ka GDP a Bangladesh. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻokuʻu ʻia i kahi huina nui o nā huahana palaka ʻole, e like me nā lako lole, nā panana polyester, nā mea ukana, a pēlā aku. Nā ʻāina a me nā wahi e like me Polani, Kina, India, Pelekiuma, Palani, Kelemania, Kanada, Sepania, Australia, Iapana , New Zealand, Netherlands, Italia, United Arab Emirates, Malaysia a me Hong Kong nā wahi i lawe ʻia aku o nā huahana palekiko a Bangladesh. ʻO nā mākeke kūwelima nui ʻelima, ʻo ia ʻo Kina, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻInia, Kelemania a me Belgian no kahi 73% o ka huina nui o nā ea i hoʻolilo ʻia ma Bangladesh.
(4) hoʻopōʻaiapuni o ka ea neoneo.
Hoʻonohonoho nui ʻia ka ʻoihana hana hoʻopōpō ʻōpala ma Bangladesh a puni ke kapikala ʻo Dhaka. Aia ma kahi o 300 mau ʻoihana e hana nei i ka hana hou ʻana i nā ʻōpala, ʻoi aku ma mua o 25,000 mau limahana, a ma kahi o 140 tone o nā ʻōpala ea i hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka hana hou ʻana i nā ʻōpala i mea nui o ka ʻoihana palaka o Bangladesh.
3. Nā pilikia nui
(1) Pono e hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ka maikaʻi o nā huahana ea.
ʻO 98% o nā ʻoihana hana hana Bangladesh he mea liʻiliʻi a me ka ʻoihana. Hoʻohana ka hapa nui o lākou i nā mīkini mīkini i lawe ʻia a lawe ʻia i ka lakohana manual. He paʻakikī e kūʻai i nā pono kiʻekiʻe me ka automation kiʻekiʻe a me ka hana maʻalahi me kā lākou kālā ponoʻī, e hopena ana i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana plastic Bangladesh. ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole ikaika hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū.
(2) Pono e hoʻohui i nā kūlana maikaʻi o nā huahana ea.
ʻO ka nele o nā kūlana maikaʻi no nā huahana kikoʻī kekahi mea koʻikoʻi e kaohi ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana palaka ma Bangladesh. I kēia manawa, lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institute (BSTI) e hana i nā kūlana maikaʻi no nā huahana lula, a paʻakikī e hana i kahi ʻaelike me nā mea hana e hoʻohana paha i ka US Food and Drug Administration standard or the International Codex Alimentarius Commission. ʻO ke kaulike CODEX no nā pae hoʻohālikelike huahana papa ʻai-papa. Pono ʻo BSTI e hoʻohui i nā kūlana huahana pālolo pili e like me ka hikiwawe, e hoʻohou i nā ʻano 26 o nā kūlana huahana ea i hoʻopuka ʻia, a hoʻolālā i nā kūlana huahana plastik hou aʻe e pili ana i nā kūlana hōʻoia o Bangladesh a me nā ʻāina mākaʻikaʻi e hoʻouna i nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe. nā plastics maikaʻi e kū i nā kūlana o ka honua. Nā huahana e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū o nā huahana Plastics Meng.
(3) Pono e hoʻoikaika hou ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka hana hoʻopōpō ʻōpala ea.
Ua emi hope ka hana ʻo Bangladesh, a ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻōpala maikaʻi, wai hoʻoliʻiliʻi a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopōʻaiapuni kemikala. Wahi a nā hōʻike, ma ka liʻiliʻi he 300,000 tone o nā ʻōpala i hoʻolei ʻia i loko o nā kahawai a me nā wahi wai ma Bangladesh i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e hoʻoweliweli nui nei i ka nohona kaiaola. Mai ka makahiki 2002, pāpā ke aupuni i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā ʻeke polyethylene, a ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻeke pepa, ʻeke lole a me nā ʻeke jute, akā ʻaʻole maopopo ka hopena o ka pāpā. Pehea e kaulike maikaʻi ai i ka hana ʻana o nā huahana ea a me ka hana hou ʻana i nā ʻōpala ea a hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka hōʻino ʻana o nā ʻōpala i ke kaolaola a me ka nohona o Bangladesh kahi pilikia e pono ai ke aupuni ʻo Bangladesh
(4) Pono e hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ka pae ʻenehana o nā limahana i ka ʻoihana plastics.
I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hana ke aupuni Bangladeshi i nā hana like ʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mākau ʻoihana o kāna poʻe hana. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua hoʻokumu ka Bangladesh Plastics Product Manufacturer and Exporters Association i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka Bangladesh Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology (BIPET) e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pae ʻenehana o nā limahana ʻoihana Bangladeshi ʻoihana hana ma o ka papa o nā papa hana a me nā ʻenehana i manaʻo ʻia. Akā ma ka mea holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka pae ʻenehana o nā limahana ʻoihana palniki Bangladesh. Pono e hoʻonui ke aupuni Bangladeshi i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a ma ka manawa like e hoʻoikaika ai i ka hoʻololi ʻenehana a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka hiki me nā ʻāina hua nui e like me Kina a me ʻInia e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka pae loea o ka ʻoihana plastics ma Bangladesh. .
(5) Pono e hoʻonui hou ʻia ke kākoʻo kulekele.
Ma ke ʻano o ke kākoʻo o ke kulekele aupuni, aia ma hope o ka ʻenehana hana lole ka hana a nā ʻoihana plastik o Bangladesh. ʻO kahi laʻana, loiloi ʻo Bangladesh Customs i ka laikini paʻa o nā mea hana palaka i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoiai e hōʻoia ana i nā mea hana lole i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ʻekolu mau makahiki. ʻO ka ʻauhau ʻoihana o ka ʻoihana palika ka helu maʻamau, ʻo ia hoʻi, 25% no nā ʻoihana i helu ʻia a 35% no nā ʻoihana papa inoa ʻole. ʻO ka ʻauhau ʻoihana no ka ʻoihana hana lole he 12%; ʻaʻohe kumu kūʻai ʻauhau hoʻolilo no nā huahana lula; ʻo ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka noi no ka Bangladesh Export Development Fund (EDF) no nā ʻoihana hana ea he 1 miliona US kālā, a ʻo ka mea hana lole he 25 miliona US kālā. I mea e hoʻonui hou ai i ka hoʻomohala ikaika ʻana o ka ʻoihana plastics a Bangladesh, e kākoʻo nui ʻia ke kākoʻo kulekele hou mai nā keʻena aupuni e like me ke Kuhina Kālepa a ʻoihana o Bangladesh.
