1. Nhoroondo pfupi yekuvandudza
Indasitiri yepurasitiki muBangladesh yakatanga muma1960. Inofananidzwa neyekugadzira nguo uye yeganda maindasitiri, nhoroondo yekuvandudza ipfupi. Nekukurumidza kukura kwehupfumi kweBangladesh mumakore achangopfuura, indasitiri yepurasitiki yave indasitiri yakakosha. Nhoroondo pfupi yekuvandudza yeBangladesh epurasitiki indasitiri iri seinotevera:
Ma1960: Muchikamu chekutanga, maumburu ekugadzirwa ainyanyo shandiswa kugadzira matoyi, zvishongo, mapikicha emifananidzo uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvidiki, uye zvikamu zvepurasitiki zveindasitiri yejute zvakagadzirwawo;
Ma1970: Akatanga kushandisa otomatiki michina kugadzira mapoto epurasitiki, mahwendefa uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemumba;
Ma1980s: Akatanga kushandisa mafirimu kufuridza michina kugadzira mapurasitiki uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa.
1990s: Yakatanga kuburitsa mapurasitiki hanger uye zvimwe zvishongedzo zvekutengesa kunze;
Pakutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri nemasere: Yakatanga kuburitsa zvigaro zvepurasitiki zvakaumbwa, matafura, nezvimwewo. Nzvimbo yemuno yeBangladesh yakatanga kuburitsa mapurita, ma extruders uye mapaipi ekugadzirisa marara epurasitiki.
2. Mamiriro azvino ekuvandudza indasitiri
(1) ongororo yezvakakosha maindasitiri.
Musika wepamusha webhizimusi repurasitiki reBangladesh angangoita US $ 950 miriyoni, nemakambani anodarika zviuru zvishanu ekugadzira, kunyanya mabhizimusi madiki nepakati, kunyanya munharaunda yemaguta akadai seDhaka neChittagong, ichipa anopfuura mamirioni 1,2 mabasa akananga uye asina kunangana. Kune anopfuura 2500 marudzi epurasitiki zvigadzirwa, asi huwandu hwehunyanzvi hweiyo indasitiri haina kukwirira. Parizvino, mazhinji epurasitiki epamba uye zvekurongedza zvinoshandiswa muBangladesh zvakagadzirwa imomo. Iyo yega capita yepurasitiki yekushandisa muBangladesh inongova makirogiramu mashanu, ayo akaderera zvakanyanya kupfuura wepasirese wepakati kudyiwa kwe80 kg. Kubva 2005 kusvika 2014, avhareji yegore yekukura kwehuwandu hweindasitiri yepurasitiki yeBangladesh yakapfuura 18%. Chirevo chegore ra2012 cheUnited Nations Economic and Social Commission yeAsia nePacific (UNESCAP) yakafungidzira kuti kukosha kweindasitiri yepurasitiki yeBangladesh kunogona kusvika US $ 4 bhiriyoni muna 2020. Seindasitiri inowedzera vashandi, hurumende yeBangladesh yakaziva musika wekuvandudza musika wepurasitiki indasitiri uye akaisanganisira seyakakosha indasitiri mu "2016 National Industrial Policy" uye "2015-2018 Export Policy". Sekureva kweBangladesh ye7th Five-Year Plan, indasitiri yepurasitiki yeBangladesh ichaenderera mberi ichivandudza kusiyana kwezvigadzirwa zvekunze uye nekupa yakasimba chigadzirwa rutsigiro rwekusimudzira kwemachira uye indasitiri yechiedza.
(2) Maindasitiri ekunze ekupinza.
Anenge ese michina nemidziyo mubhizimusi repurasitiki reBangladesh zvinotengeswa kubva kunze kwenyika. Pakati pavo, vagadziri vezasi- nepakati-magumo zvigadzirwa zvinonyanya kuunza kubva kuIndia, China neThailand, uye vagadziri vezvigadzirwa-zvepamusoro zvigadzirwa zvinonyanya kuunzwa kubva kuTaiwan, Japan, Europe neUnited States. Iyo yepamba kubereka kwepurasitiki yekugadzira mafuru inongova gumi chete. Uye zvakare, indasitiri yepurasitiki muBangladesh inongovimba nekutenga nekugadzirisa marara epurasitiki. Kunze mbishi zvigadzirwa zvinonyanya kusanganisira polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), uye polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Uye polystyrene (PS), inotarisisa 0,26% yezvinhu zvinotengeswa zvepurasitiki zvepasi rose, zvinzvimbo 59th pasirese. China.
(3) Maindasitiri anotumirwa kunze kwenyika.
Parizvino, epurasitiki yekutengesa kunze kwenyika inoverengeka makumi masere nepfumbamwe pasi, uye haisati yave mutengesi mukuru wezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki. Mugore remari ra2016-2017, vanogadzira mazana matatu muBangladesh vakatengesa zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki, iine mutengo wakananga wekutengesa kunze unosvika US $ 117 miriyoni, iyo yakapa inopfuura 1% kuGDP yeBangladesh. Uye zvakare, hombe yezvinhu zvisina kunangana epurasitiki zvigadzirwa zvinotumirwa kunze, senge zvipfeko zvehembe, polyester mapaneru, zvekutakura zvinhu, nezvimwewo Nyika nenzvimbo dzakaita sePoland, China, India, Belgium, France, Germany, Canada, Spain, Australia, Japan , New Zealand, Netherlands, Italy, United Arab Emirates, Malaysia neHong Kong ndidzo nzvimbo huru dzekuendesa kunze kwenyika zvigadzirwa zveplastiki zveBangladesh. Misika mishanu mikuru yekutengesa kunze kwenyika, iChina, United States, India, Germany neBelgium inosvika 73% yezvinhu zvepurasitiki zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika muBangladesh.
(4) Kudzokorora marara epurasitiki.
Indasitiri yepurasitiki yekudzosera marara muBangladesh inonyanya kutenderedza guta guru reDhaka. Kune makambani angangoita mazana matatu ari kuita marara marara, vanopfuura vashandi zviuru makumi maviri nezvishanu, uye angangoita zana nemakumi mana ematani emarara epurasitiki anogadzirwa zuva rega rega. Mapurasitiki marara marara akagadzira kuita chikamu chakakosha muindasitiri yepurasitiki yeBangladesh.
3. Matambudziko makuru
(1) Hunhu hwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvinoda kuwedzerwazve.
98% emabhizimusi ekugadzira epurasitiki eBangladesh mabhizinesi madiki uye epakati nepakati. Mazhinji acho anoshandisa michina yekunze yakagadziriswa uye michina yemuno inogadzirwa. Zvakaoma kutenga michina yekumusoro-soro ine otomatiki uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzira nemari yavo, zvichikonzera hunhu hwese hwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zveBangladesh. Kwete yepamusoro, kwete yakasimba makwikwi epasi rese.
(2) Iwo emhando yepamusoro epurasitiki zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kuve zvakabatana.
Kushaikwa kwemhando yemhando yezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakare chinhu chakakosha chinotadzisa kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yepurasitiki muBangladesh. Parizvino, iyo Bangladesh Standards uye Testing Institute (BSTI) inotora nguva yakareba kuti igadzire zviyero zvemhando yepamusoro yezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki, uye zvinonetsa kuwana chibvumirano nevagadziri kuti voshandisa US Food and Drug Administration standard here kana kuti International Codex Alimentarius Commission CODEX yakajairwa yezvikafu-giredhi repurasitiki chigadzirwa zviyero. BSTI inofanirwa kubatanidza inoenderana epurasitiki zvigadzirwa zviyero nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona, kugadzirisa makumi maviri nemaviri epurasitiki zvigadzirwa zviyero zvakapihwa, uye kugadzira mamwe epurasitiki zvigadzirwa zviyero zvinoenderana nezvitupa zviyero zveBangladesh uye nyika dzekunze dzinoenda kunoona kugadzirwa kwepamusoro- epurasitiki yepamusoro inosangana nematanho epasi rose. Zvigadzirwa zvekuvandudza kukwikwidzana kwepasi rose kweMeng Plastics zvigadzirwa.
(3) Iwo manejimendi epurasitiki marara marara maindasitiri anodikanwa kuti awedzere kusimbiswa.
Zvivakwa zveBangladesh zvakadzoserwa kumashure, uye tsvina yakanaka, mvura yakasviba nekemikari yekudzokorora manejimendi system haisati yatangwa. Sekureva kwemishumo, angangoita mazana matatu emazana matani emarara epurasitiki anodururwa munzizi nemumatope muBangladesh gore rega rega, zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya nharaunda. Kubva 2002, hurumende yakarambidza kushandiswa kwemabhegi e polyethylene, uye kushandiswa kwemabhegi emapepa, masaga ejira uye ejute mabhegi akatanga kuwedzera, asi mvumo yekurambidzwa yakanga isiri pachena. Maitiro ekuenzanisa zviri nani kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki uye kudzokororazve marara epurasitiki uye kudzikisira kukuvara kwemarara epurasitiki kune ecology uye nharaunda yekugara yeBangladesh idambudziko iro hurumende yeBangladeshi inofanira kubata nemazvo.
(4) Chikamu chehunyanzvi chevashandi muindasitiri yepurasitiki chinoda kuwedzerwazve.
Mumakore apfuura, hurumende yeBangladeshi yakatora matanho akasiyanasiyana ekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwevashandi vayo. Semuenzaniso, iyo Bangladesh Plastics Chigadzirwa Vagadziri uye Exporters Association yakatanga kuvambwa kweBangladesh Institute of Plastic Injiniya neTekinoroji (BIPET) kusimudzira hunyanzvi hwevashandi veBangladeshi epurasitiki indasitiri vashandi kuburikidza nhevedzano yakanangwa yekosi yehunyanzvi neyehunyanzvi makosi. Asi pane zvese, iro rehunyanzvi hwevashandi veBangladeshi mapurasitiki emabhizimusi haana kukwirira. Hurumende yeBangladeshi inofanirwa kuwedzera kudzidzisa uye panguva imwechete kusimbisa kuchinjanisa kwehunyanzvi uye kuvaka kugona nenyika hombe dzinogadzira mapurasitiki senge China neIndia kusimudzira hunyanzvi hwakazara hweindasitiri yepurasitiki muBangladesh. .
(5) Kutsigirwa kwematongerwo enyika kunoda kuwedzerwa.
Panyaya yekutsigirwa nemutemo wehurumende, indasitiri yepurasitiki yeBangladesh yakasaririra kumashure kumashure kwemaindasitiri ekugadzira zvipfeko. Semuenzaniso, Bangladesh Tsika dzinoongorora rezenisi rakabatanidzwa revagadziri veplastiki gore rega rega, nepo ichiongorora vagadziri vezvipfeko kamwe chete makore matatu. Mutero wekambani weindasitiri yepurasitiki ndiyo mwero wakajairika, ndiko kuti, 25% yemakambani akanyorwa uye 35% kumakambani asina kunyorwa. Mutero webhizimusi weindasitiri yekugadzira zvipfeko ndeye 12%; hapana chaicho mutero wekutengesa kunze kwenyika kune zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki; muganho wepamusoro wekunyorera kweBangladesh Export Development Fund (EDF) yemabhizimusi ekugadzira epurasitiki ndeye 1 miriyoni yemadhora ekuUS, uye anogadzira zvipfeko madhora makumi maviri nemashanu emadhora ekuAmerica. Kuti uenderere mberi nekusimudzira kukura kwesimba kwebhizimusi repurasitiki indasitiri, kumwe kutsigira kwemitemo kubva kumadhipatimendi ehurumende senge Ministry of Commerce nemaindasitiri eBangladesh kunonyanya kukosha.
