1. Akụkọ mmepe dị mkpirikpi
Industrylọ ọrụ plastik na Bangladesh malitere na 1960s. Tụnyere uwe n'ichepụta na akpụkpọ anụ ụlọ ọrụ, na mmepe akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ dịtụ mkpụmkpụ. Site na uto akụ na ụba ngwa ngwa nke Bangladesh na afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ụlọ ọrụ plastik aghọwo ụlọ ọrụ dị mkpa. Akụkọ mkpirisi banyere mmepe ụlọ ọrụ Bangladesh dị ka ndị a:
N'afọ ndị 1960: Na mbido mbụ, a na-ejikarị ihe ọkpụ akpụ emepụta ihe ụmụaka ji egwuri egwu, ọla aka, foto foto na obere ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ, a rụpụtara akụkụ plastik maka ndị ọrụ jute;
N'afọ ndị 1970: Amalite iji igwe eji arụ ọrụ iji mepụta ite plastik, efere na ngwaahịa ụlọ ndị ọzọ;
N'afọ 1980: Amalite iji igwe na-agba ihe nkiri iji mepụta akpa rọba na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ.
1990s: Amalite imepụta hanga plastik na ngwa ndi ozo maka uwe mbupu;
Na mbido narị afọ nke iri abụọ na otu: Amalite iji mepụta oche plastik a kpụrụ akpụ, tebụl, wdg. Mpaghara mpaghara Bangladesh malitere imepụta pulverizers, extruders na pelletizers maka imegharị ihe mkpofu plastik.
2. Ọnọdụ nke mmepe ụlọ ọrụ ugbu a
(1) Isi banyere ọrụ ndị bụ isi.
Ahịa ụlọ nke ụlọ ọrụ plastik Bangladesh dị ihe dị ka nde US $ 950, yana ihe karịrị ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta 5,000, ọkachasị ụlọ ọrụ obere na ọkara, ọkachasị na mpụta nke obodo ndị dị ka Dhaka na Chittagong, na-enye ihe karịrị nde 1.2 ọrụ na ọrụ ndị ọzọ. E nwere ihe karịrị 2500 ụdị plastic ngwaahịa, ma n'ozuzu oru larịị nke ụlọ ọrụ adịghị elu. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, imepụtala ọtụtụ ihe plastik na ngwongwo ngwongwo eji na Bangladesh. Ngwunye plastic n'isi na Bangladesh bụ naanị 5 n'arọ, nke dị ala karịa nkezi nkezi ụwa na kilogram 80. Site na 2005 rue 2014, nkezi uto nke kwa afọ nke ụlọ ọrụ plastik Bangladesh gafere 18%. Nkwupụta ọmụmụ ihe nke 2012 nke Nationstù Na-ahụ Maka Ọha na Ọha na Mba nke Mba Ndị Dị na Asia na Pacific (UNESCAP) buru amụma na ọnụ ahịa mmepụta nke ụlọ ọrụ plastik Bangladesh nwere ike iru US $ 4 ijeri na 2020. Dịka ụlọ ọrụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike, gọọmentị Bangladesh amatala ikike mmepe ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ plastik ma tinye ya dị ka ụlọ ọrụ kachasị mkpa na "2016 National Industrial Policy" na "2015-2018 Export Policy". Dabere na atụmatụ Bangladesh nke asaa nke afọ ise, ụlọ ọrụ plastik nke Bangladesh ga-eme ka ọgaranya dị iche iche nke ngwaahịa mbupụ ma nye nkwado ngwaahịa siri ike maka mmepe nke Bangladesh na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ.
(2) Industrial mbubata ahịa.
Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ igwe na akụrụngwa niile na ụlọ ọrụ plastik Bangladesh na-esi mba ọzọ. N'ime ha, ndị na-emepụta ngwaahịa dị ala na nke ọkara na-ebubata site na India, China na Thailand, na ndị na-emepụta ngwaahịa dị elu na-ebubata na Taiwan, Japan, Europe na United States. Ngwongwo nke ulo eji emeputa ihe bu ihe dika 10%. Na mgbakwunye, ụlọ ọrụ plastik na Bangladesh na-adabere n'ụzọ mbubata na imegharị ihe mkpofu plastik. Akụrụngwa ndị e webatara na-agụnye polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), na polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Na polystyrene (PS), na-ede 0.26% nke mbubata ngwaahịa plastik, ogo 59th n'ụwa. China, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, South Korea na Thailand bụ isi ahịa ahịa ise, na-aza 65.9% nke ngwongwo ngwongwo Bangladesh niile.
(3) Mbupụ ụlọ ọrụ.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Bangladesh na-ebupụ plastik dị 89th na ụwa, ọ kabatabeghịkwa isi na-ebupụ ngwaahịa plastik. N'ime afọ 2016-2017 gbasara ego, ihe dị ka ndị nrụpụta 300 na Bangladesh wepụtara ngwaahịa plastik, yana uru mbupụ kpọmkwem nke US $ 117, nke nyere ihe karịrị 1% na GDP nke Bangladesh. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-ebupụ ọtụtụ ngwaahịa plastik na-enweghị isi, dịka ngwa ngwa uwe, ogwe aka polyester, ihe nkwakọ ngwaahịa, wdg. Mba na mpaghara dịka Poland, China, India, Belgium, France, Germany, Canada, Spain, Australia, Japan , New Zealand, Netherlands, Italy, United Arab Emirates, Malaysia na Hong Kong bụ isi ihe mbupụ nke ngwaahịa rọba nke Bangladesh. Isi ahia ahia ahia ise, nke bu China, United States, India, Germany na Belgium bu ihe ruru 73% nke mbuputa plastik Bangladesh.
(4) Imegharị ihe mkpofu rọba.
Industrylọ ọrụ na-emegharị ihe mkpofu plastik dị na Bangladesh na-elekwasị anya na isi obodo Dhaka. Enwere ihe dị ka ụlọ ọrụ 300 na-arụ ọrụ mkpofu ahihia, ihe karịrị ndị ọrụ 25,000, na ihe dị ka tọn 140 nke ihe mkpofu plastik na-edozi kwa ụbọchị. Nkọọgharị ihe eji akpukpo ahihia abụrụla akụkụ dị mkpa nke ụlọ ọrụ plastik Bangladesh.
3. Isi nsogbu
(1) Ogo nke ngwaahịa plastik chọrọ ka emewanyewanye.
Pasent 98 nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta rọba nke Bangladesh bụ obere ụlọ ọrụ pere mpe. Imirikiti n'ime ha na-eji ngwa ọrụ arụzigharị gbanwere dị na ngwa eji arụ ọrụ na mpaghara. O siri ike ịzụta akụrụngwa dị elu nke nwere nnukwu akpaaka na nka ọkaibe na ego nke aka ha, na-ebute ogo nke ngwaahịa plastic plastic. Ọ bụghị elu, ọ bụghị ike asọmpi mba ụwa.
(2) qualitykpụrụ dị mma nke ngwaahịa plastik kwesịrị ịdị n'otu.
Enweghị ụkpụrụ ụkpụrụ maka ngwaahịa dị iche iche bụkwa ihe dị mkpa na-egbochi mmepe ụlọ ọrụ plastik na Bangladesh. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụlọ ọrụ Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institute (BSTI) na-ewe ogologo oge iji mepụta ụkpụrụ dị mma maka ngwaahịa plastik, ọ na-esikwa ike iru nkwekọrịta n'etiti ndị nrụpụta ma iji US Food Food and Drug Administration or International Codex Alimentarius Commission Kpụrụ CODEX maka ụkpụrụ ngwaahịa ngwaahịa plastik. BSTI kwesịrị ijikọ ụkpụrụ ngwaahịa plastik dị mkpa ozugbo enwere ike, melite ụdị 26 nke ngwaahịa plastik enyerela, wee mepụta ụkpụrụ ngwaahịa plastik ndị ọzọ dabere na ụkpụrụ asambodo nke Bangladesh na mba ndị na-ebupụ mbupu iji hụ na mmepụta nke elu- plastik dị mma nke na-agbaso ụkpụrụ ụwa. Ngwaahịa iji melite asọmpi mba ụwa nke ngwaahịa Meng Plastics.
(3) Ọ dị mkpa ka e nwekwuo ike ijikwa ụlọ ọrụ na-arụpụta ihe mkpofu plastik.
Akụrụngwa Bangladesh adịla azụ, ezigbo nchekwa, mmiri mkpofu na njikwa njikwa kemịkalụ amalitebeghi. Dabere na akụkọ, ọ dịkarịa ala 300,000 tọn ihe mkpofu plastik na-atụba n'ime osimiri na ala mmiri mmiri na Bangladesh kwa afọ, na-eyi nnukwu nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi. Kemgbe 2002, gọọmentị machibidoro iji akpa polyethylene eme ihe, iji akpa akwụkwọ, akpa ákwà na akpa jute amalite ịba ụba, mana mmetụta nke mmachibido iwu ahụ apụtaghị. Otu ị ga - esi meziwanye mmepụta nke ngwaahịa plastik na imegharị ihe mkpofu plastik ma belata mbibi nke ihe mkpofu plastik na gburugburu ebe obibi na gburugburu ebe obibi nke Bangladesh bụ nsogbu gọọmentị Bangladesh ga-edozi nke ọma.
(4) Ọ dị mkpa ịkwalite ọkwa teknụzụ nke ndị ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ plastik.
N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, gọọmentị Bangladesh ewerewo usoro dị iche iche iji meziwanye nka ọrụ nke ndị ọrụ ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Bangladesh Manufacturers and Exporters Association bidoro nguzobe nke Bangladesh Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology (BIPET) iji meziwanye ọkwa teknụzụ nke ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ plastik Bangladesh site na usoro usoro ọrụ na teknụzụ ezubere iche. Mana na mkpokọta, ọkwa teknụzụ nke ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ plastik Bangladesh adịghị elu. Gọọmentị Bangladesh kwesịrị ịbawanye ọzụzụ na n'otu oge ahụ iwusi nkwalite ọrụ ike na iwulite ikike na mba ndị na-emepụta plastik dị ka China na India iji melite ogo teknụzụ nke ụlọ ọrụ plastik na Bangladesh. .
(5) Nkwado amụma kwesịrị kawanyewanye.
N'ihe banyere nkwado iwu gọọmentị, ụlọ ọrụ plastik Bangladesh dị n'azụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta uwe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Bangladesh Customs na-enyocha akwụkwọ ikike ejikọtara ọnụ nke ndị nrụpụta plastik kwa afọ, ebe ọ na-enyocha ndị na-emepụta uwe otu ugboro n'afọ atọ ọ bụla. Taxtụ isi nke ụlọ ọrụ plastik bụ ọnụego nkịtị, ya bụ, 25% maka ụlọ ọrụ edepụtara yana 35% maka ụlọ ọrụ ndị edeghị aha. Taxtụ ụlọ ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta uwe bụ 12%; enweghị isi ụtụ isi ụtụ isi maka ngwaahịa plastik; oke njedebe nke ngwa maka Bangladesh Export Development Fund (EDF) maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta rọba bụ 1 nde US dolla, na onye na-emepụta uwe bụ nde US 25. Iji nwee ike kwalite mmepe siri ike nke ụlọ ọrụ plastik Bangladesh, nkwado nkwado iwu sitere na ngalaba gọọmentị dị ka Ministry of Commerce and Industry nke Bangladesh ga-adị oke egwu.
