A. Polypropylene (PP) inkqubo ziphene yokubumba
Ubumdaka be-PP ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo bohluke kakhulu, kwaye inqanaba lokuhamba kwe-PP elisetyenziswa ngokubanzi liphakathi kwe-ABS kunye nePC.
1. Ukulungiswa kweplastiki
I-PP echanekileyo yimibala emhlophe yendlovu eguqukayo kwaye ingadaywa ngemibala eyahlukeneyo. Ukupeyinta kwe-PP, kuphela ngumbala we-masterbatch onokusetyenziswa koomatshini bokubumba inaliti ngokubanzi. Kweminye imishini, kukho izinto ezizimeleyo zeplastiki ezomeleza umphumo wokuxuba, kwaye ziyakudaywa ngetoni. Iimveliso ezisetyenziselwa ngaphandle zizaliswa ngokubanzi zizinzo ze-UV kunye nekhabhoni emnyama. Umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo akufuneki udlule kwi-15%, ngapha koko iya kubangela ukwehla kwamandla kunye nokubola kunye nokudilika kombala. Ngokubanzi, akukho unyango olukhethekileyo lokomisa olufunekayo ngaphambi kokubumba kwenaliti ye-PP.
2. Ukukhethwa komatshini wokubumba inaliti
Akukho mfuno zikhethekileyo zokukhetha oomatshini bokubumba inaliti. Ngenxa yokuba i-PP ine-crystallinity ephezulu. Umatshini ziphene yokubumba computer kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu ziphene kunye nolawulo multi-isigaba iyafuneka. Amandla okubotshwa amiselwe ngokubanzi kwi-3800t / m2, kwaye umthamo wenaliti yi-20% -85%.
3.Umbumbulu kunye noyilo lwesango
Iqondo lobushushu sokubumba 50-90 ℃, kwaye ubushushu sokubumbela eliphezulu isetyenziselwa iimfuno ubungakanani eliphezulu. Ubushushu obuphambili bungaphezulu kwe-5 ℃ ngaphantsi kobushushu bembobo, imbaleki enobubanzi yi-4-7mm, ubude besango lealiti ngu-1-1.5mm, kwaye ubukhulu bunokuba buncinci njenge-0.7mm.
Ubude besango elisecaleni bufutshane ngangokunokwenzeka, malunga ne-0.7mm, ubunzulu sisiqingatha sobukhulu bodonga, kwaye ububanzi buphinda kabini ubukhulu bodonga, kwaye buya kuthi chu bonyuke kunye nobude bokunyibilika kokunyibilika kwisisu. Ukubumba kufuneka kube nokungena kakuhle. Umngxunya we-vent ngu-0.025mm-0.038mm ubunzulu kunye no-1.5mm ubukhulu. Ukuthintela amanqaku anciphisayo, sebenzisa imilomo emikhulu kunye neesangqa kunye neimbaleki ezijikelezayo, kwaye ubukhulu beembambo kufuneka bube buncinci (Umzekelo, 50-60% yobukhulu bodonga).
Ukutyeba kweemveliso ezenziwe nge-homopolymer PP akufuneki kudlule kwi-3mm, ngapha koko kuya kubakho amaqamza (iimveliso zodonga olungqingqwa zingasebenzisa kuphela i-copolymer PP)
4. Ukunyibilikisa ubushushu: Indawo yokunyibilika ye-PP yi-160-175 ° C, kwaye iqondo lobushushu lokubola yi-350 ° C, kodwa ukumiselwa kobushushu ngexesha lokulungiswa kwenaliti akunakugqitha i-275 ° C, kwaye iqondo lobushushu lecandelo lokunyibilika lingcono nge-240 ° C.
5. Isantya sokujova: Ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye nokusilela, kufuneka kukhethwe inaliti enesantya esiphezulu, kodwa amanye amabakala e-PP kunye nezinto zokubumba azifanelekanga (amaqamza kunye nemigca yomoya iyavela). Ukuba umphezulu wepateni ubonakala ngemigca ekhanyayo kunye emnyama esasazwe ngesango, inaliti yesantya esisezantsi kunye nobushushu obuphezulu besikhunta ziyafuneka.
6.Unyibilikisi lokuncamathela ngasemva koxinzelelo: i-5bar inyibilike ingcinezelo yokubuyela umva ingasetyenziselwa, kwaye uxinzelelo lwasemva lwezixhobo ze toner zinokunyuswa ngokufanelekileyo.
7. Inaliti kunye noxinzelelo lokubamba: Sebenzisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwenaliti (1500-1800bar) kunye nokubamba uxinzelelo (malunga ne-80% yoxinzelelo lwenaliti). Tshintshela ekubambeni uxinzelelo malunga ne-95% yestroke esipheleleyo kwaye usebenzise ixesha elide lokubamba.
8. Unyango lwasemva kwemveliso: Ukuthintela ukuncipha kunye nokubola okubangelwa kukufakwa kwekristali, imveliso ngokubanzi ifuna ukufakwa emanzini ashushu.
Inkqubo yokubumba yenaliti ye-Polyethylene (PE)
I-PE yinto ekrintiweyo ekrwada ene-hygroscopicity ephantsi kakhulu, engekho ngaphezulu kwe-0.01%, ke akukho sidingo sokomisa ngaphambi kokuqhubekeka. Ikhonkco leemolekyuli ze-PE linokuguquguquka okuhle, amandla amancinci phakathi kweebhondi, i-viscosity ephantsi yokunyibilika, kunye nokuqaqamba kwamanzi. Ke ngoko, iimveliso ezinqatyisiweyo kunye nenkqubo yexesha elide inokwenziwa ngaphandle koxinzelelo oluphezulu ngexesha lokubumba.
△ I-PE inoluhlu olubanzi lwexabiso lokuncipha, ixabiso elikhulu lokuncipha, kunye nolwalathiso olucacileyo. Izinga lokuncipha kwe-LDPE limalunga ne-1.22%, kwaye i-shrinkage rate ye-HDPE imalunga ne-1.5%. Ke ngoko, kulula ukukhubazeka kunye ne-warp, kwaye iimeko zokupholisa ukungunda zinempembelelo enkulu kwi-shrinkage. Ke ngoko, ubushushu besikhunta kufuneka bulawulwe ukuze kugcinwe ukupholisa okufanayo kunye nokuzinzileyo.
△ PE unamandla crystallization eliphezulu, kwaye iqondo lobushushu ukungunda kunempembelelo enkulu imeko crystallization iindawo zeplastiki. Ubushushu obuphezulu besikhunta, ukupholisa ukunyibilika okunyibilikayo, ukukhanya okuphezulu kwamalungu eplastiki kunye namandla aphezulu.
Indawo yokunyibilika kwe-PE ayiphezulu, kodwa ubungakanani bayo bobushushu bukhulu, ngenxa yoko kusafuneka busebenzise ubushushu obuninzi ngexesha leplastikhi. Ke ngoko, isixhobo esenziwe ngeplastikhi kufuneka sibe namandla amakhulu okufudumeza ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso.
Uluhlu lweqondo lobushushu oluthambileyo lwe-PE lincinci, kwaye unyibilike kulula ukwenza i-oxidize. Ke ngoko, unxibelelwano phakathi kokunyibilika kunye neoksijini kufuneka kuthintelwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba, ukuze unganciphisi umgangatho weeplastikhi.
Amalungu e-PE athambile kwaye kulula ukuwathoba, ke xa iinxalenye zeplastiki zinemijelo engekho nzulu, zinokudilizwa ngamandla.
△ Ipropathi engeyoyaseNewtonia yokunyibilika kwe-PE ayicacanga, utshintsho lwenqanaba lokucheba alunampembelelo incinci kwi-viscosity, kunye nefuthe lobushushu kwi-PE melt viscosity nayo incinci.
Ukunyibilika kwe-△ PE kunesantya sokupholisa esicothayo, ke kufuneka kupholiswe ngokwaneleyo. Ukubumba kufuneka kube nenkqubo yokupholisa engcono.
Ukuba ukunyibilika kwe-PE kunyiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwizibuko lokondla ngexesha lenaliti, uxinzelelo kufuneka lonyuswe kwaye ukuncipha okungalinganiyo kunye nokuyalelwa kokunyuka okucacileyo kunye nokususwa kufuneka kwandiswe, ke ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kukhetho lweeparameter zokutya.
△ Iqondo lobushushu sukube banzi ngokwentelekiso. Kwimeko yolwelo, ukuguquguquka okuncinci kweqondo lobushushu akunampembelelo ekubunjweni ngenaliti.
△ I-PE inokuzinza okuhle kobushushu, ngokubanzi akukho nto ibonakalayo yokubola engaphantsi kweedigri ezingama-300, kwaye ayinampembelelo kumgangatho.
Iimeko eziphambili zokubumba ze-PE
Ubushushu bomgqomo: Ubushushu bomgqomo buhambelana ikakhulu nokuxinana kwe-PE kunye nobungakanani benqanaba lokunyibilika kokunyibilika. Kwakhona ezinxulumene uhlobo kunye nokusebenza kumatshini ziphene yokubumba kunye nokumila inxalenye-class yeplastiki yokuqala. Kuba i-PE yipolymer yekristalline, iinkozo zekristale kufuneka zifunxe ubushushu obuthile ngexesha lokunyibilika, ke ubushushu bombhobho kufuneka bube ziidigri ezili-10 ngaphezulu kunendawo yokunyibilika. Kwi-LDPE, amaqondo obushushu emgqomo alawulwa ngo-140-200 ° C, iqondo lobushushu lomgqomo we-HDPE lilawulwa ngo-220 ° C, elona xabiso lisezantsi ngasemva komgqomo kunye nelona liphezulu ngaphambili.
Ubushushu beMold: Ubushushu beMold bunempembelelo enkulu kwimeko yecrystallization yamalungu eplastiki. Ubushushu obuphezulu besikhunta, ukunyibilika okuphezulu kunye namandla aphezulu, kodwa izinga lokuncipha liya kunyuka. Ngokwesiqhelo ubushushu besikhunta se-LDPE bulawulwa kwi-30 ℃ -45 ℃, ngelixa ubushushu beHDPE bungaphezulu ngokulinganayo nge-10-20 ℃.
Uxinzelelo lwenaliti: Ukonyusa uxinzelelo lwenaliti kuluncedo ekugcwaliseni ukunyibilika. Kuba ubumanzi be-PE buhle kakhulu, ukongeza kwiimveliso ezibiyelweyo kunye nezibhityileyo, uxinzelelo lwenaliti esezantsi kufuneka lukhethwe ngononophelo. Uxinzelelo lwenaliti ngokubanzi yi-50-100MPa. Imilo ilula. Amacandelo amakhulu eplastiki ngasemva kodonga, uxinzelelo lwenaliti lunokubasezantsi, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo
Inkqubo yokubumba inaliti ye-Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Ubushushu obunyibilikayo bePV ngexesha lokuqhubekeka yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu kwiparameter. Ukuba le parameter ayifanelekanga, iya kubangela ukubola kwezinto. Iimpawu zokuhamba kwePVC zihlwempuzekile, kwaye inkqubo yoluhlu imxinwa kakhulu.
Ingakumbi ubunzima obuphezulu be-PVC yezinto kunzima ngakumbi ukuzenza (olu hlobo lwezixhobo zihlala zifuna ukudityaniswa nesithambisi ukuphucula imeko yokuhamba), ke izinto zePVC ezinobunzima obuncinci be molekyuli zihlala zisetyenziswa. Izinga lokuncipha kwePV liphantsi kakhulu, ngokubanzi yi-0.2 ~ 0.6%.
Inaliti iimeko inkqubo yokubumba:
· 1. Ukucoca unyango: ngesiqhelo akufuneki kunyango lokomisa.
· 2. Ubushushu obunyibilikayo: 185 ~ 205, ubushushu besikhunta: 20 ~ 50 ℃.
· 3. Uxinzelelo ngenaliti: ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1500bar.
· 4.Ukubamba uxinzelelo: ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1000 bar.
· 5. Isantya sokutofa: Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuthotywa kwezinto, kusetyenziswa isantya esininzi ngenaliti.
· 6. Imbaleki kunye nesango: onke amasango aqhelekileyo angasetyenziswa. Ukuba ulungisa iinxalenye ezincinci, kungcono ukusebenzisa amasango enaliti okanye amasango angene emanzini; kumalungu atyebileyo, kungcono ukusebenzisa amasango abalandeli. Ubuncinane bedayimitha yesango leenaliti okanye isango elingaphantsi kwamanzi kufuneka libe yi-1mm; ubukhulu besango le fan akufuneki bube ngaphantsi kwe-1mm.
· 7. Iipropati zekhemikhali kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo: I-PVC eqinileyo yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu zeplastiki.
D. Polystyrene (PS) inkqubo yokubumba inaliti
Inaliti iimeko inkqubo yokubumba:
1.Yomisa unyango: Ngaphandle kokuba kugcinwe ngokungafanelekanga, unyango lokomisa alufuneki. Ukuba ukomisa kuyafuneka, iimeko ezomiswayo ezicetyiswayo zingama-80 ° C iiyure ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu.
2. Ukunyibilika kobushushu: 180 ~ 280 ℃. Kwizixhobo ezirhabaxa zelangatye, umda ophezulu ngowama-250 ° C.
3. ubushushu zomngundo: 40 ~ 50 ℃.
4.Uxinzelelo lwenaliti: 200 ~ 600bar.
5. Isantya sokujova: Kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise isantya senaliti ngokukhawuleza.
6. Imbaleki kunye nesango: Zonke iintlobo zamasango aqhelekileyo zinokusetyenziswa.
Inkqubo yokubumba yenaliti ye-ABS
Izinto ze-ABS zinokusetyenzwa ngokulula ngokulula, ukubonakala kweempawu, ukunyuka okuphantsi kunye nozinzo oluhle kakhulu kunye namandla eempembelelo eziphezulu.
Inaliti iimeko inkqubo yokubumba:
1.Ukomisa unyango: Izinto ze-ABS zi-hygroscopic kwaye zifuna unyango lokomisa ngaphambi kokulungiswa. Isimo sokomisa esicetyiswayo ubuncinci iiyure ezi-2 nge-80 ~ 90 ℃. Iqondo lobushushu eziphathekayo kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-0.1%.
2. Ukunyibilika kobushushu: 210 ~ 280 ℃; Ubushushu obucetyiswayo: 245 ℃.
3. ubushushu zomngundo: 25 ~ 70 ℃. (Iqondo lobushushu lomngundo liya kuchaphazela ukugqitywa kwamalungu eplastiki, iqondo lobushushu elisezantsi liya kukhokelela ukugqiba okuncinci).
4.Uxinzelelo lwenaliti: 500 ~ 1000bar.
5. Isantya senaliti: isantya esiphakathi ukuya kwesiphezulu.
