Ngokuthuthuka komkhakha wezolimo nowokulungisa ukudla waseGhana, isidingo semakethe yaseGhana semikhiqizo yepulasitiki sikhule ngokushesha, okubelethe ukuthuthukiswa kochungechunge lwezezimboni zaseGhana ezikhuphukayo zezimboni-imboni yokulungisa ipulasitiki. Imboni yokulungisa amapulasitiki iba utshalomali oludumile eGhana futhi ithumela eGhana. Ukukhethwa kwemboni.
Kubikwa ukuthi izinkampani eziningi embonini yokulungisa amaplastikhi e-Afrika njengamanje zithembele ezinhlakeni ezingena emazweni angaphandle ezivela eMiddle East noma e-Asia, kanti ukungabikho komkhiqizo owanele wendawo we-polymer kuyinselelo enkulu ababhekene nayo njengamanje.
Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushintshaniswa kwemali yakuleli uma liqhathaniswa nedola laseMelika kuqhubekisile nokwengeza ukungaqiniseki kwezimakethe, okwenza kube nzima ukuncintisana nokuthengwa okuthe xaxa kwamaShayina. Ngokusobala, opulasitiki badlala indima ebalulekile ekuguquleni izwekazi lase-Afrika.
Ngokwezibikezelo ze-AMI, eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, isidingo samapulasitiki asuka eNingizimu Afrika siye ogwini lwaseCôte d'Ivoire sizokwenyuka ngo-5% siye ku-15% minyaka yonke, sinyuke ngo-8% ngonyaka. IGhana njengamanje ibhekene nezinguquko kwezomnotho. Ukulandela amaphrojekthi wokuthekelisa wendabuko afana negolide, ukhokho, idayimane, ukhuni, i-manganese, i-bauxite, njll., IGhana iya ngokuthekelisa imikhiqizo esetshenzisiwe nengacutshungulwanga, futhi kunesidingo sokupakishwa kwepulasitiki. Futhi iya iba nkulu.
(1) Ngo-2010, inani elikhishwayo lomkhakha wokupakisha eGhana lalicishe libe yizigidi ezingama-200 zamadola aseMelika futhi lafinyelela ezigidigidini eziyisi-5 zamaRandi aseMelika ngo-2015. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni waseGhana zisebenza ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wokupakisha eGhana.
(2) Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2010 kuya kowezi-2012, ukungeniswa kwemishini yokuphakwa kokudla nokufakwa kwemishini emaphaketheni kufinyelele ezigidini ezingama-341 kuya ezigidini ezingama-567 zama-euro, ukwanda ngama-66%; ukungeniswa kwemishini yepulasitiki kusuka kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingama-96 kuya kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingama-135, ukwanda ngama-40%; imishini yokuphrinta inyuke isuka ku-6,850 Million euros inyuke yaya kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingama-88.2.
(3) IGhana yizwe elinokukhula komnotho okusheshayo, isimo sezombusazwe esizinzile kanye nezinsizakusebenza eziningi e-Afrika. Kusukela ngo-2015, izinkampani eziningi zakwamanye amazwe ziye zagxila emakethe yaseGhana futhi sezisungule izindawo eziningi zokuphrinta eGhana.
Ezolimo zaseNtshonalanga Afrika
Ngokuya ngemininingwane evela kwiGerman Engineering Association, ukungeniswa kwemishini yezolimo evela eNtshonalanga Afrika kufinyelele kuma-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.753 ngo-2013, 1.805 billion euros ngo-2012, kanye no-1.678 billion euros ngo-2011.
Imishini Yokudla Neziphuzo eNtshonalanga Afrika
Ukungeniswa kokukhiqizwa kokudla nemishini yokupakisha eNtshonalanga Afrika kukhuphuke kusuka ku-341 million euros ngo-2010 kuya ku-600 million euros ngo-2013, ukwanda ngo-75%.
Ukudla kwaseNtshonalanga Afrika
Ngokwemininingwane evela kwiWorld Trade Organisation, ngo-2013, ukungeniswa kokudla eNtshonalanga Afrika kwafinyelela kumaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-13.89, ukuthunyelwa kokudla eNtshonalanga Afrika kwabalelwa ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-12.28 zamadola aseMelika ngo-2013, kanti ukuhweba kwezokungenisa nokuthekelisa kwafinyelela kumaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-26.17.
Ukuhweba kwemingcele
Ukukhula okusheshayo kwama-50% wabantu abasha kanye nabaphakathi nendawo eGhana kunesidingo esandayo seziphuzo ezinekhabhoni, amajusi wezithelo neziphuzo ezisebenzayo. IGhana inemakethe enkulu yezigidi ezingama-250 eNtshonalanga Afrika, kanti ukungeniswa kokudla neziphuzo ezivela emazweni angaphandle nakho bekuyanda eminyakeni edlule.
Ukubambisana kwezomnotho nezohwebo phakathi kweChina neGhana kukhiyiwe emkhakheni wezokudla neziphuzo, futhi la mazwe womabili aqinisa intuthuko nokubambisana kulo mkhakha. Ngo-2016, uhulumeni waseGhana ulindele ukutshala imali eyi-cedi eyizigidi eziyi-120 (cishe i-193 yezigidi zama-yuan) ukuxhasa ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo, ikakhulukazi ukukhulisa ukutshalwa kwezimali elayisi, i-shea, i-cashew kanye nezimboni ezisebenza ngemikhiqizo yezolimo ukuze kwandiswe amandla okukhiqiza kwezolimo.
IPhini likaMongameli waseGhana uQuesi Amisa Arthur naye uthe amakhulu kagandaganda, abavuni neminye imishini yezolimo nayo izosatshalaliswa kubalimi ezweni lonke ukukhuthaza umnotho waseGhana ngokusheshisa ezolimo zanamuhla nokufeza ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwemithombo. Izinguquko yinto eseqhulwini kuhulumeni ukuheha utshalomali. Kuze kube manje, uhulumeni waseGhana uselinyusile inani lezikhungo zokuhlinzeka ngemishini yezolimo ezweni lonke lisuka kuma-57 ngo-2009 laya kuma-89 ngowezi-2014, kanti izinga lokutholakala kwalo lenyuke ngo-56%. Uhulumeni uzotshala izigidi ezintathu zama-cedi aseGhana eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo ukuxhasa ukwakhiwa komgwaqo i-cocoa endaweni yokutshala.
Ngokuqaliswa kanye nokwenziwa kwalolu chungechunge lwezinyathelo, imboni yokucubungula amapulasitiki isiphenduke inketho ethandwayo yokutshala imali nokuthekelisa emakethe yamanje yaseGhana.
Njengezwe elinabantu abaningi, iChina ibihlale inendawo ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni imboni yokupakisha epulasitiki. Ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe kanye nokulingana kwezimo zikazwelonke, ngakho-ke, kunamathemba abanzi ngokwedlulele entuthuko eGhana.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, isidingo se-Afrika samazinga ahlukene epulasitiki sizokwenyuka ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwa ku-8% ngonyaka. Ngenkathi iGhana, ethuthukisa ngamandla imikhiqizo yezolimo, izimboni zokulungisa ukudla neziphuzo kanye nezimboni ezisebenza ngamazinga amancane, iqhubekile nokwandisa isidingo sayo semikhiqizo yepulasitiki, nayo ebelethe nentuthuko yomkhakha wokulungisa ipulasitiki waseGhana. Utshalomali lwesikhathi esizayo embonini yaseGhana yokulungisa amapulasitiki kanye nokuthekelisa imishini yokulungisa amapulasitiki eGhana Amathuba emakethe abanzi kakhulu.
