Abahanga bahumekewe na Pac-Man bahimbira "cocktail" irya plastiki, ishobora gufasha kurandura imyanda ya plastiki.
Igizwe na enzymes ebyiri-PETase na MHETase ikorwa na bagiteri yitwa Ideonella sakaiensis igaburira amacupa ya plastike.
Bitandukanye no kwangirika kwa kamere, bifata imyaka amagana, iyi misemburo ya super irashobora guhindura plastike "ibice" byayo byambere muminsi mike.
Iyi misemburo yombi ikorana, nka "Pac-Man ebyiri ihujwe numugozi" guhekenya umupira.
Iyi enzyme nshya ya super enzyme yangiza plastike inshuro 6 kurenza enzyme yambere ya PETase yavumbuwe muri 2018.
Intego yacyo ni polyethylene terephthalate (PET), thermoplastique ikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora amacupa y’ibinyobwa, imyambaro, hamwe na tapi, ubusanzwe bifata imyaka amagana kugirango ibore mubidukikije.
Porofeseri John McGeehan wo muri kaminuza ya Portsmouth yabwiye ibiro ntaramakuru PA ko kuri ubu, ibyo bintu by'ibanze tubikura mu mutungo kamere nka peteroli na gaze. Ibi rwose ntibishoboka.
"Ariko niba dushobora kongeramo imisemburo mu myanda ya pulasitike, dushobora kuyimena mu minsi mike."
Muri 2018, Porofeseri McGeehan nitsinda rye batsitaye kuri verisiyo yahinduwe ya enzyme yitwa PETase ishobora kumena plastike muminsi mike.
Mu bushakashatsi bwabo bushya, itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryavanze PETase n’indi misemburo yitwa MHETase basanga "igogorwa ry’amacupa ya pulasitike ryikubye hafi kabiri."
Hanyuma, abashakashatsi bakoresheje ingengabihe ya genetike kugirango bahuze iyo misemburo yombi muri laboratoire, kimwe no "guhuza Pac-Man ebyiri n'umugozi."
"PETase izangiza ubuso bwa plastiki, kandi MHETase izakomeza guca, reba rero niba dushobora kubikoresha hamwe kugira ngo twigane uko ibintu bimeze, bisa nkibisanzwe." Porofeseri McGeehan yavuze.
"Ubushakashatsi bwacu bwa mbere bwerekanye ko bakorana neza, bityo twahisemo kugerageza kubahuza."
"Twishimiye cyane kubona imisemburo yacu mishya ya chimeric yihuta inshuro eshatu ugereranije na enzyme yo mu bwoko bwa isolate isanzwe ihindagurika, ifungura inzira nshya zo kurushaho gutera imbere."
Porofeseri McGeehan yakoresheje kandi isoko ya Diamond Light Source, synchrotron iherereye Oxfordshire. Ikoresha X-ray ikomeye cyane inshuro 10 kurenza izuba nka microscope, ifite imbaraga zihagije zo kubona atome kugiti cye.
Ibi byafashaga itsinda ryubushakashatsi kumenya imiterere-yimiterere itatu ya enzyme ya MHETase no kubaha igishushanyo mbonera cya molekile kugirango batangire gukora sisitemu ya enzyme yihuse.
Usibye PET, iyi enzyme ya super irashobora kandi gukoreshwa kuri PEF (polyethylene furanate), bioplastique ishingiye ku isukari ikoreshwa mu macupa ya byeri, nubwo idashobora gusenya ubundi bwoko bwa plastiki.
Kuri ubu itsinda ririmo gushakisha uburyo bwo kurushaho kwihutisha gahunda yo kubora kugirango ikoranabuhanga rishobora gukoreshwa mu bucuruzi.
Porofeseri McGeehan yagize ati: "Byihuse dukora imisemburo, niko twangirika vuba plastiki, kandi n’ubucuruzi bukomeza kubaho".
Ubu bushakashatsi bwasohotse muri Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.
