Saynisyahannada waxaa dhiirrigeliyay Pac-Man oo waxay ikhtiraaceen "is biirsaday" cunno caag ah, oo laga yaabo inay gacan ka geysato baabi'inta qashinka caagga ah.
Waxay ka kooban tahay laba enzymes-PETase iyo MHETase oo ay soo saartay bakteeriya la yiraahdo Ideonella sakaiensis oo ku quudata dhalooyinka caagga ah.
Si ka duwan nabaad-guurka dabiiciga ah, oo qaata boqollaal sano, enzyme-kan weyn wuxuu u rogi karaa caag-ka asalkiisa "qaybaha" dhowr maalmood gudahood.
Labadan enzym waxay wada shaqeeyaan, sida "laba Pac-Man oo xarig ku xiran" oo lagu calalinayo kubbadda cuntada fudud.
Enzyme-kan cusub ayaa dheefshiida caag 6 jeer ka dhakhso badan asalka asalka ah ee PETase enzyme ee la helay 2018.
Bartilmaameedkeedu waa polyetylen terephthalate (PET), thermoplastic-ka ugu caansan ee loo isticmaalo in lagu sameeyo dhalooyinka sharaabka la tuuro, dharka, iyo roogaga, kuwaas oo badanaa ku qaata boqolaal sano in ay ku baxdaan deegaanka.
Professor John McGeehan oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Portsmouth ayaa wakaaladda wararka ee PA u sheegay in xilligan, aan ka helayno kheyraadkan aasaasiga ah kheyraadka dhulka sida saliidda iyo gaaska dabiiciga. Tani runtii waa mid aan la sii wadi karin.
"Laakiin haddii aan ku dari karno enzymes qashinka caagga ah, waxaan ku burburin karnaa maalmo gudahood."
In 2018, Professor McGeehan iyo kooxdiisa ayaa ku turunturoodeen nooc la beddelay oo ah enzyme loo yaqaan PETase kaas oo burburin kara caagagga maalmo yar gudahood.
Daraasaddooda cusub, kooxda cilmi-baarista waxay isku darsadeen PETase iyo enzyme kale oo loo yaqaan MHETase waxayna ogaadeen in "dheef-shiid kiimikaadka caagagga ah uu ku dhowaad labanlaabmay."
Kadib, cilmi baarayaashu waxay isticmaaleen injineernimada hidaha si ay isugu xirmaan labadan enzyms shaybaarka, sida "isku xirka laba Pac-Man oo xarig ah."
"PETase waxay baabi'in doontaa dusha balaastigga, MHETase ayaa sii goyn doonta, markaa fiiri haddii aan u wada isticmaali karno si aan ugu dayanno xaaladda dabiiciga, waxay umuuqataa mid dabiici ah." Professor McGeehan ayaa yiri.
Tijaabadii ugu horreysay waxay muujisay inay si fiican u wada shaqeeyaan, sidaa darteed waxaan go'aansanay inaan isku dayno inaan iyaga isku xirno.
"Aad ayaan ugu faraxsanahay inaan aragno in enzyme-keena cusub ee loo yaqaan 'chimeric enzyme' uu saddex jeer ka dhakhso badan yahay enzyme dabiici ah oo si dabiici ah u soo baxay, kaas oo furaya wadooyin cusub oo lagu hagaajiyo."
Professor McGeehan wuxuu kaloo adeegsaday Diamond Light Source, synchrotron oo ku taal Oxfordshire. Waxay adeegsataa raajo xoog leh 10 bilyan oo jeer ka ifaya qorraxda sida microscope-ka, taas oo ku filan in lagu arko atamka qofka.
Tani waxay u oggolaatay kooxda cilmi-baarista inay go'aamiyaan qaab-dhismeedka saddex-geesoodka ah ee 'MHETase enzyme' oo ay u siiso naqshad molikiyuule ah si ay u billaabaan naqshadeynta nidaamka enzyme dhakhsaha badan.
Marka lagu daro PET, enzyme-kan weyn ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa PEF (polyethylene furanate), bioplastic ku saleysan sonkorta oo loo isticmaalo dhalooyinka biirka, in kasta oo uusan burburin karin noocyada kale ee balaastigga ah.
Kooxda ayaa hadda raadineysa habab lagu sii dedejiyo howlaha kala-baxa si tikniyoolajiyadda loogu isticmaalo ujeeddooyin ganacsi.
"Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee aan u samaysanno enzymes-ka, sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ayaan u daadinnaa caagagga, isla markaana waxay sare u qaadeysaa awooddeeda ganacsi," ayuu yiri Professor McGeehan.
Cilmi baaristaan waxaa lagu daabacay Talaabooyinka Akadeemiyada Qaranka ee Sayniska.
