Njengamanje, iMorocco inezimboni ezicishe zibe ngama-40 ezenza imithi, ama-wholesaler angama-50 namakhemisi angaphezu kwe-11,000. Abahlanganyeli eziteshini zayo zokuthengisa izidakamizwa kufaka phakathi amafektri ezenzela imithi, abathengisi bezitolo, amakhemisi, izibhedlela nemitholampilo. Phakathi kwazo, ama-20% wezidakamizwa athengiswa ngqo ngemigudu yokuthengisa eqondile, okungukuthi, izimboni ezithaka imithi kanye namakhemisi, izibhedlela nemitholampilo kuqedela ngqo ukuthengiselana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-80% wezidakamizwa athengiswa ngokusebenzisa ama-wholesaler angama-50.
Ku-2013, imboni yezokwelapha yaseMoroccan yaqasha i-10,000 ngqo futhi icishe ibe ngama-40,000 ngokungaqondile, ngenani lokukhipha elilinganiselwa ku-AED 11 billion nokusetshenziswa kwamabhodlela angaba yizigidi ezingama-400. Phakathi kwabo, ukusetshenziswa okungu-70% kukhiqizwa izimboni zemithi zendawo, kanti ama-30% asele angeniswa kakhulu evela eYurophu, ikakhulukazi eFrance.
1. Amazinga wekhwalithi
Imboni yezemithi yaseMorocco isebenzisa uhlelo olusezingeni lomhlaba jikelele. Umnyango Wezemithi Nemithi woMnyango Wezempilo eMorocco ubhekele ukwengamela imboni eyenza imithi. IMotorola ikakhulukazi isebenzisa Imikhuba Emihle Yokukhiqiza (GMP) eyenziwe yiNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba, i-European Medicines Agency kanye ne-US Food and Drug Administration. Ngakho-ke, i-World Health Organisation ibala imboni yezemithi yaseMorocco njengendawo yaseYurophu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ngabe izidakamizwa zingena emakethe yasendaweni yaseMorocco ngesampula noma ngeminikelo, kusadingeka zithole imvume yokuthengisa (i-AMM) emnyangweni wezokuphatha kahulumeni. Le nqubo iyinkimbinkimbi futhi idla isikhathi.
2. Uhlelo lwentengo yezidakamizwa
Uhlelo lwamanani entengo yezidakamizwa eMorocco lwakhiwa ngawo-1960, kanti uMnyango Wezempilo unquma amanani ezidakamizwa. UMnyango Wezempilo waseMorocco unquma intengo yemithi enjalo ekhiqizwa yimboni eyenza imithi ngokubhekisa emithini efanayo eMorocco nakwamanye amazwe. Ngaleso sikhathi, umthetho wawusho ukuthi isilinganiso sokusatshalaliswa kwentengo yokugcina yemithi (ngaphandle kwe-VAT) kwakumi kanje: ama-60% ezimboni ezenza imithi, i-10% yabathengisi bezitolo, nama-30% emakhemisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intengo yemithi ejwayelekile ekhiqizwe okokuqala ingaphansi ngama-30% kunaleyo yemithi yabo enelungelo lobunikazi, futhi amanani entengo yemithi ejwayelekile enjalo akhiqizwa ezinye izinkampani ezenza imithi azokwehliswa ngokulandelana.
Kodwa-ke, ukungabikho obala kohlelo lwamanani kuholele ekwenyukeni kwamanani ezidakamizwa eMorocco. Ngemuva kuka-2010, uhulumeni waguqula kancane kancane uhlelo lwamanani entengo yezidakamizwa ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza obala futhi kwehle namanani ezidakamizwa. Kusukela ngo-2011, uhulumeni wehlise amanani entengo yezidakamizwa ngesilinganiso esikhulu amahlandla amane, okubandakanya izidakamizwa ezingaphezu kuka-2 000. Phakathi kwabo, intengo eyehliswe ngoJuni 2014 ibandakanya izidakamizwa eziyi-1,578. Ukwehliswa kwentengo kuholele ekwehleni kokuqala kokuthengiswa kwemithi ethengiswa ngamakhemisi eminyakeni eyi-15, ngo-2.7% kuya ku-AED 8.7 billion.
3. Imithethonqubo yokutshalwa kwezimali nokusungulwa kwamafemu
Umthetho waseMoroccan "Medicines and Medicine Law" (Law No. 17-04) ubeka ukuthi ukusungulwa kwezinkampani ezithaka imithi eMorocco kudinga ukuvunywa nguMnyango Wezempilo kanye noMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wosokhemisi, nokuvunyelwa kukanobhala kahulumeni.
Uhulumeni waseMorocco akanazo izinqubomgomo ezikhethekile zokutshalwa kwezimali kwabangaphandle ukuthi basungule izimboni ezenza imithi eMorocco, kepha bangajabulela izinqubomgomo ezithandwa umhlaba wonke. "Umthetho Wotshalomali" (Umthetho No. 18-95) owamenyezelwa ngonyaka we-1995 ubeka izinqubomgomo ezahlukahlukene zentela zokukhuthaza nokukhuthaza utshalomali. Ngokwenhlinzeko yeSikhwama Sokukhuthaza Ukutshalwa Kwezimali esisungulwe ngumthetho, kumaphrojekthi otshalo-mali anotshalo-mali olungaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-200 zama-dirham nokwakha amathuba emisebenzi angama-250, umbuso uzohlinzeka ngoxhaso nezinqubomgomo ezikhethwayo zokuthengwa komhlaba, ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda, kanye ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi. Kuze kube ngu-20%, 5% no-20%. NgoDisemba 2014, iKomidi Lokutshalwa Kwezimali Likahulumeni LaseMorocco laseMorocco lamemezela ukuthi lizokwehlisa umkhawulo wokukhetha kusuka kwizigidi ezingama-dirham ezingama-200 kuya kuma-dirham ayizigidi eziyi-100.
Ngokuya ngokuhlaziywa kweChina-Africa Trade Research Center, yize ama-30% emakethe yezokwelapha yaseMoroccan idinga ukuthembela ekungenisweni kwempahla, amazinga emikhakha yezemithi yezinga lezemithi efakwe ohlwini yiWorld Health Organisation njengesifunda saseYurophu ikakhulukazi ahlala eYurophu. Izinkampani zaseChina ezifuna ukuvula imakethe yezokwelapha nemishini yezokwelapha yaseMorococ kudingeka zilawule izici eziningi ezifana nohlelo lokukhangisa kanye nohlelo lwekhwalithi.
