Okwangoku, ukukhawulezisa ukwahluka koqoqosho kuzwelonke kunye nokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwemizi-mveliso yesizwe, amazwe ase-Afrika enze izicwangciso zophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso. Ngokusekwe kwingxelo kaDeloitte "yeNgxelo yoHlahlelo lweZithuthi zaseAfrika", sihlalutya uphuhliso lweshishini leemoto eKenya nase-Ethiopia.
1. Amagqabantshintshi ophuhliso ngokubanzi lweshishini leemoto laseAfrika
Inqanaba lentengiso yemoto yaseAfrika liphantsi kakhulu. Ngo-2014, inani leemoto ezibhalisiweyo eAfrika yayizizigidi ezingama-42.5 kuphela, okanye izithuthi ezingama-44 kubantu abayi-1 000, engaphantsi kakhulu kumndilili wehlabathi wezithuthi ezili-180 kubantu abayi-1 000. Ngo-2015, zimalunga ne-15 500 iimoto ezangena kwimakethi yase-Afrika, ezingama-80% zazo zathengiselwa uMzantsi Afrika, i-Egypt, i-Algeria neMorocco, ezithe zakhula ngokukhawuleza kumazwe ase-Afrika kushishino lweemoto.
Ngenxa yengeniso yokulahla encinci kunye neendleko eziphezulu zeemoto ezintsha, iimoto ezingamasekeni ezingenisiwe ziye zangena kwiimarike eziphambili eAfrika. Amazwe angumthombo ophambili yiMelika, iYurophu neJapan. Thatha iKenya, iTopiya neNigeria njengemizekelo, iipesenti ezingama-80 zezithuthi zabo ezintsha zisebenzisa iimoto. Ngowama-2014, ixabiso leemveliso ezizithengisela amazwe angaphandle eAfrika laliphindaphindwe kane ixabiso lalo lokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe, ngelixa ixabiso lokuthumela kumazwe angaphandle eMzantsi Afrika lalibalelwa kuma-75% exabiso elipheleleyo leAfrika.
Njengoko ishishini leemoto lilishishini elibalulekileyo elikhuthaza ukwenziwa kwamashishini asekhaya, likhuthaza ukwahluka koqoqosho, libonelela ngengqesho, kwaye lonyusa ingeniso yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle, oorhulumente baseAfrika bazama ngenkuthalo ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwamashishini abo eemoto.
2. Thelekisa imeko yangoku yeshishini leemoto eKenya nase-Ethiopia
IKenya yezoqoqosho olukhulu eMpuma Afrika kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo eMpuma Afrika. Umzi mveliso wendibano yemoto yaseKenya inembali ende yophuhliso, idityaniswa nokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba eliphakathi, ukuphucula imeko yendawo yeshishini, kunye nenkqubo yokufikelela kwintengiso yommandla kunye nezinye izinto ezilungileyo, inomdla wokukhula ube liziko loshishino lwemoto yengingqi.
I-Ethiopia yayililizwe elakhula ngokukhawuleza e-Afrika ngo-2015, nenani lesibini ngobukhulu e-Afrika. Iqhutywa yinkqubo yokwenziwa kwamashishini ngurhulumente kunye norhulumente, imboni yeemoto kulindeleke ukuba iphindaphinde amava aphumeleleyo kuphuhliso lwase China ngeminyaka yoo-1980.
Umzi mveliso weemoto eKenya nase-Ethiopia ukhuphiswano olunamandla. Urhulumente wase-Itiyopiya upapashe inani lemigaqo-nkqubo yenkuthazo, ephumeza ukuncitshiswa kwerhafu okanye imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu kwiindidi ezithile zezithuthi, kunye nokubonelela ngokunciphisa irhafu kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokuxolelwa kubatyali zimveliso, kutsala inani elikhulu lotyalo-mali oluvela kuTyalo-mali lwase China, BYD, Fawer, I-Geely kunye nezinye iinkampani ezizimeleyo ukutyala imali kwimizi-mveliso. .
Urhulumente waseKenya ukwenze uthotho lwamanyathelo okukhuthaza ukuphuculwa kwemoto kunye namacandelo, kodwa ukonyusa ingeniso yerhafu, urhulumente waqala ngokunyanzelisa irhafu yemvume kwiimoto ezazisetyenziswa kwamanye amazwe ngo-2015. khuthaza uphuhliso lwemveliso yamalungu ezithuthi zasekhaya, iipesenti ezi-2 zerhafu yokunyanzeliswa yamiselwa kumalungu eemoto angeniswe ngaphakathi anokuthi aveliswe apha ekhaya, okukhokelele ekunciphiseni kweepesenti ezingama-35% kwimveliso kwikota yokuqala yowama-2016.
3. Uhlalutyo lwethemba lomzi mveliso weemoto eKenya nase-Ethiopia
Emva kokuba urhulumente wase-Itiyopiya enze indlela yakhe yokuphuhlisa amashishini, wamkela imigaqo-nkqubo yenkuthazo ebonakalayo nefanelekileyo yokuqinisa isantya seshishini lokuvelisa lokutsala utyalomali lwangaphandle, ngeenjongo ezicacileyo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo esebenzayo. Nangona isabelo sentengiso sangoku silinganiselwe, siyakuba ngumkhuphiswano onamandla kushishino lweemoto eMpuma Afrika.
Nangona urhulumente waseKenya ekhuphe isicwangciso sophuhliso lwamashishini, imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente exhasa ayicacanga. Eminye imigaqo-nkqubo iluthintele uphuhliso lwamashishini. Icandelo lokuvelisa ngokubanzi libonisa imeko esezantsi kwaye amathemba awaqinisekanga.
Ukuze kukhuthazwe ukwenziwa kwemizi-mveliso yesizwe, kukhuthazwe ukwahluka kwezoqoqosho, kubonelelwe ngengqesho, kwaye kwandiswe notshintshiselwano lwamanye amazwe, oorhulumente baseAfrika bazama ngamandla ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwamashishini abo eemoto. Okwangoku, uMzantsi Afrika, i-Egypt, iAlgeria neMorocco zezinye zamazwe akhula ngokukhawuleza kushishino lweemoto eAfrika. Njengamazwe amabini anoqoqosho olukhulu eMpuma Afrika, iKenya kunye ne-Ethiopia nazo zikhulisa ngokubonakalayo ishishini lezemoto, kodwa xa kuthelekiswa, i-Ethiopia kunokwenzeka ukuba ibe yinkokeli kushishino lweemoto eMpuma Afrika.
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