(Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwancin Afirka) Tun bayan samun 'yancin kai, Morocco ta zama ɗaya daga cikin countriesasashe ƙasashe a Afirka waɗanda suka himmatu ga ci gaban masana'antar kera motoci. A shekarar 2014, masana'antar kera motoci ta zarce masana'antar phosphate a karon farko kuma ta zama babbar masana'antar samar da fitarwa zuwa kasar.
1. Tarihin ci gaban masana'antar kera motoci ta Maroko
1) Matakin farko
Tun bayan da kasar ta Morocco ta sami 'yencin kai, ta zama daya daga cikin kasashen Afirka da suka dukufa wajen bunkasa masana'antar kera motoci, in banda Afirka ta Kudu da sauran masarautun motoci.
A shekarar 1959, tare da taimakon kamfanin Fiat Automobile Group na kasar Maroko, suka kafa kamfanin kera motoci na kasar Maroko (SOMACA). An fi amfani da masana'antar don tara motocin Simca da Fiat, tare da matsakaicin damar samar da motoci na shekara 30,000.
A shekarar 2003, saboda rashin kyawun yanayin aikin kamfanin na SOMACA, gwamnatin Morocco ta yanke shawarar daina sabunta kwangilar tare da Fiat Group kuma ta sayar da hannun jarin ta na 38% ga kamfanin ga Renault Group na Faransa. A shekarar 2005, Renault Group ta sayi dukkanin kamfanonin kera motoci na Marokko daga Fiat Group, kuma suka yi amfani da kamfanin wajen hada Dacia Logan, wata mota mai araha a karkashin kungiyar. Tana shirin samar da motoci dubu 30 a kowace shekara, rabinsu ana fitar da su zuwa Yankin Turai da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Motocin Logan da sauri sun zama mafi kyawun kasuwancin Morocco.
2) Matakin ci gaba cikin sauri
A cikin 2007, masana'antar kera motoci ta Maroko ta shiga matakin ci gaba cikin sauri. A wannan shekara, gwamnatin Morocco da Renault Group sun rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya don yanke shawarar hada hannu don gina masana'antar kera motoci a Tangier, Morocco tare da jarin kusan Euro miliyan 600, tare da kera fitar shekara-shekara na motoci dubu 400, 90% daga cikinsu za a fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje .
A shekarar 2012, an fara amfani da kamfanin Renault Tangier a hukumance, galibi yana kera motocin Renault mai rahusa, kuma nan da nan ya zama babbar masana'antar hada motoci a Afirka da yankin Larabawa.
A cikin 2013, an yi amfani da kashi na biyu na kamfanin Renault Tangier a hukumance, kuma an kara karfin samar da shekara zuwa motoci 340,000 zuwa motoci 400,000.
A shekarar 2014, kamfanin Renault Tangier da kuma kamfanin da yake rike da shi na SOMACA sun samar da motoci 227,000 a zahiri, wanda adadinsu ya kai kashi 45%, kuma suna shirin kaiwa kashi 55% a wannan shekarar. Kari kan haka, kafa da bunkasa Renault Tanger Automobile Assembly Shuka ya inganta ci gaban masana'antar kewayen motoci masu tasowa. Akwai masana'antun sassan motoci fiye da 20 a kewayen masana'antar, ciki har da Denso Co., Ltd., kamfanin kera kayayyakin Faransa, Snop, da Valeo na Faransa Valeo, kamfanin Faransa mai kera gilashin kera motoci na Saint Gobain, bel din Japan da mai kera jakankunan iska da Takata, da motar Amurka kamfanin kera na'urar lantarki Visteon, da sauransu.
A watan Yunin 2015, Kamfanin Peugeot-Citroen na Faransa ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai saka hannun jari na Euro miliyan 557 a Maroko don gina kamfanin kera motoci tare da samar da motoci 200,000 a shekara. Za ta samar da motoci ne masu rahusa kamar Peugeot 301 don fitarwa zuwa kasuwannin gargajiya na Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Zai fara samarwa a cikin 2019.
3) Masana'antar kera motoci ta zama babbar masana'antar fitar da kayayyaki zuwa Maroko
Daga shekara ta 2009 zuwa 2014, darajar masana'antar kera motoci ta Moroko a duk shekara ya karu daga dirham biliyan 12 zuwa dirham biliyan 40, kuma rabon da ya samu a jimillar fitar da Morocco ya karu daga 10.6% zuwa 20.1%.
Binciken bayanan kan kasuwannin fitarwa na baburan sun nuna cewa daga 2007 zuwa 2013, kasuwannin fitarwa na baburan suna da hankali sosai a cikin kasashen Turai 31, wanda ya kai kashi 93%, wanda kaso 46% sune Faransa, Spain, Italia da United Kingdom. bi da bi Su 35%, 7% da 4.72%. Bugu da kari, nahiyar Afirka ma tana wani bangare na kasuwar, Masar da Tunisia suna da kashi 2.5% da 1.2% bi da bi.
A cikin 2014, ya zarce masana'antar phosphate a karon farko, kuma masana'antar kera motoci ta Maroko ta zama babbar masana'antar samun kuɗin fitarwa a cikin Marokko. Ministan Masana'antu da Cinikayya na Morocco Alami ya fada a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2015 cewa ana sa ran adadin kayan fitar da masana'antar kera motoci na Moroko zai kai dirham biliyan 100 a shekarar 2020.
Bunkasar masana'antar kera motoci cikin sauri ya inganta ƙwarewar kayayyakin fitarwa na Marokko zuwa wani mizani, kuma a lokaci guda ya inganta yanayin ƙarancin dogon lokaci na cinikin ƙetare na Moroccan. A farkon rabin shekarar 2015, wanda aka fitar da shi daga masana'antar kera motoci, Morocco ta samu rarar kasuwanci tare da Faransa, wacce itace babbar abokiyar kasuwancin ta, a karon farko, ta kai Yuro miliyan 198.
An ba da rahoton cewa masana'antar kera motoci ta Maroko koyaushe ta kasance mafi girman masana'antu a masana'antar kera motoci ta Maroko. A halin yanzu, masana'antar ta tattara kamfanoni sama da 70 kuma sun samu fitarwa na dirhami biliyan 17.3 a shekarar 2014. Koyaya, lokacin da aka fara aiki da kamfanin Renault Tangier a 2012, fitar da motocin Maroko ya yi tashin gwauron zabi daga Dala biliyan 1 da digo biyu a shekarar 2010 zuwa Dh19. Biliyan 5 a 2014, yawan ci gaban shekara-shekara sama da 52%, ya zarce matsayin da ya gabata. Export na USB masana'antu.
2. Kasuwar motar cikin gida ta Maroko
Dangane da ƙaramin tushe na yawan jama'a, kasuwar motar cikin gida a Maroko ba ta da yawa. Daga 2007 zuwa 2014, kasuwancin mota na cikin gida yana tsakanin 100,000 zuwa 130,000 ne kawai. Dangane da bayanai daga Kungiyar Masu shigo da Babura, yawan cinikin Babura ya karu da kashi 1.09% a shekarar 2014, kuma yawan tallace-tallace na sabbin motoci ya kai 122,000, amma har yanzu ya yi kasa da na 130,000 da aka saita a 2012. Daga cikinsu, Renault mai arha Kamfanin mota Dacia shine mafi kyawun mai siyarwa. Bayanan tallace-tallace na kowane alama kamar haka: Dacia ta sayar da motocin 33,737, karuwar 11%; Cinikin Renault 11475, raguwar 31%; Kamfanin Ford ya sayar da motoci 11,194, karuwar 8.63%; Fiat tallace-tallace na 10,074 motoci, karuwar 33%; Peugeot tallace-tallace 8,901, Downasa 8.15%; Citroen ya sayar da motocin 5,382, karuwar 7,21%; Toyota ya sayar da motocin 5138, ƙarin kashi 34%.
3. Masana'antar kera motoci ta Maroko na jawo hankalin kasashen waje
Daga 2010 zuwa 2013, jarin waje kai tsaye da masana'antar kera ke jawowa ya karu sosai, daga dirham miliyan 660 zuwa dirham biliyan 2.4, kuma kasonsa na zuba jari kai tsaye na waje da masana'antar masana'antu ta jawo ya karu daga 19.2% zuwa 45.3%. Daga cikin su, a cikin 2012, saboda gina masana'antar Renault Tangier, saka hannun jari kai tsaye daga ƙasashen waje ya jawo hankalin wannan shekarar ya kai kololuwar dirham biliyan 3.7.
Faransa ita ce babbar hanyar da Maroko ke samun jari daga kasashen waje kai tsaye. Tare da kafa masana'antar kera motoci ta Renault Tangier, a hankali kasar Maroko ta zama cibiyar samar da kayayyaki daga kasashen waje ga kamfanonin Faransa. Wannan yanayin zai bayyana sosai bayan kammala tushen samar da kamfanin Peugeot-Citroen a cikin Babura a cikin 2019.
4. Fa'idodin ci gaba na masana'antar kera motoci ta Maroko
A cikin recentan shekarun nan, masana'antar kera motoci ta Maroko ta zama ɗayan injunan ci gaban masana'antu. A yanzu haka akwai kamfanoni sama da 200 da aka rarraba a manyan cibiyoyi uku, waɗanda suka hada da Tangier (43%), Casablanca (39%) da Kenitra (7%). Baya ga mafi girman yanayin ƙasa, yanayin siyasa mai daidaitawa, da ƙarancin kuɗaɗen kwadago, saurin ci gabanta yana da dalilai masu zuwa:
1. Morocco ta kulla yarjeniyoyin kasuwanci kyauta tare da Tarayyar Turai, kasashen larabawa, Amurka da Turkiya, sannan masana'antar kera motoci ta Maroko ma na iya fitarwa zuwa kasashen da ke sama ba tare da haraji ba.
Kamfanonin kera motoci na Faransa Renault da Peugeot-Citroen sun ga fa'idodin da ke sama kuma sun mai da Maroko cikin cibiyar samar da mota mai arha don fitarwa zuwa Tarayyar Turai da ƙasashen Larabawa. Bugu da kari, kafa masana'antar kera motoci tabbas zai fitar da kamfanoni na gaba don saka hannun jari da kafa masana'antu a Morocco, ta haka ne zai haifar da ci gaban dukkanin masana'antar kera motoci.
2. Tsara wani tsari na ci gaba karara.
A cikin 2014, Morocco ta gabatar da wani shirin bunkasa masana'antu, wanda masana'antar kera motoci ta zama babbar masana'anta ga kasar Morocco saboda karin darajar ta, dogon sarkar masana'antu, karfin tuki mai karfi da kuma kudurin aiki. A cewar shirin, nan da shekarar 2020, karfin samar da masana'antun kera motoci na Maroko zai karu daga yanzu zuwa 400,000 zuwa 800,000, adadin wuraren zai karu da 20% zuwa 65%, kuma yawan ayyukan zai karu da 90,000 zuwa 170,000.
3. Bada wasu haraji da tallafin kudi.
A cikin motar motar da gwamnati ta kafa (ɗayan ɗayan a cikin Tangier da Kenitra), an keɓance harajin kuɗin shiga na kamfanoni na farkon shekaru 5, kuma yawan haraji na shekaru 20 masu zuwa shine 8.75%. Matsakaicin harajin samun kudin shiga na kamfani shine 30%. Bugu da kari, gwamnatin Moroccan ta kuma bayar da tallafi ga wasu kamfanonin kera motocin da ke saka jari a cikin Maroccan, gami da kananan bangarori 11 a manyan fannoni hudu na kebul, kayan cikin mota, buga karfe da batirin ajiya, kuma shi ne jari na farko a cikin wadannan masana'antu 11. -3 kamfanoni na iya karɓar tallafin 30% na matsakaicin saka hannun jari.
Baya ga wannan tallafi da ke sama, gwamnatin ta Morocco ta kuma yi amfani da Asusun Hassan II da Asusun Raya Masana'antu da Zuba Jari don samar da abubuwan saka jari.
4. Cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi zasu kara shiga cikin tallafawa ci gaban masana'antar kera motoci.
A watan Yulin 2015, Bankin Attijariwafa, Bankin Ciniki na Kasashen Waje na Moroko (BMCE) da Bankin BCP, manyan bankunan Marokko uku, suka sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tare da Ma’aikatar Masana’antu da Kasuwanci ta Moroko da kuma Kungiyar Masana’antu da Kasuwancin Marokko (Amica) don tallafa wa dabarun bunkasa masana'antar kera motoci. Bankunan uku za su samar da kudaden hada-hadar kudaden kasashen waje ga masana'antun kera motoci, tare da hanzarta tara kudin kwangilar 'yan kwangila, da samar da hidimomin hada-hadar kudi don saka jari da kuma tallafin horo.
5. Gwamnatin Morocco tana karfafa gwiwa sosai wajan horar da masu fasaha a fannin kera motoci.
Sarki Mohammed VI ya ambata a jawabinsa a ranar nadin sarauta a 2015 cewa ya kamata a kara inganta ci gaban cibiyoyin koyon sana’a a masana’antar kera motoci. A yanzu haka, an kafa cibiyoyin horas da masana’antun kera motoci guda hudu (IFMIA) a Tangier, Casa da Kennethra, inda masana'antar kera motocin take. Daga 2010 zuwa 2015, an horar da baiwa dubu 70, wadanda suka hada da manajoji 1,500, injiniyoyi 7,000, masu fasaha 29,000, da masu aiki 32,500. Kari kan hakan, gwamnati ma tana bayar da tallafi ga horon ma'aikata. Tallafin horo na shekara-shekara dirhami 30,000 ne ga ma'aikatan gudanarwa, dirham 30,000 don masu fasaha, da dirham 15,000 ga masu aiki. Kowane mutum na iya jin daɗin tallafin na sama na tsawon shekaru 3.
Dangane da nazarin Cibiyar Bincike ta Kasuwancin Afirka, masana'antar kera motoci a halin yanzu ita ce babbar hanyar tsarawa da bunkasa masana'antu a cikin shirin "Hanzarta Bunkasa Masana'antu na gwamnatin Morocco". A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, fa'idodi daban-daban kamar yarjejeniyar cinikin cinikin waje, bayyanannen shirin ci gaba, manufofi masu kyau, tallafi daga cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi, da dimbin baiwa na motoci sun taimaka wajen bunkasa masana'antar kera motoci ta zama babbar masana'antar samun kudin shiga zuwa kasar. A halin yanzu, jarin masana'antar kera motoci na Maroko ya ta'allaka ne akan taron motoci, kuma idan aka kafa masana'antar kera motoci zai tuka kamfanonin da ke gaba don saka jari a Maroko, ta haka ne zai haifar da ci gaban dukkanin masana'antar kera motoci.
Afirka ta Kudu Littafin Adireshin Kayayyaki
Littafin Adireshin Kasuwancin Kenya
