(Setsi sa Patlisiso ea Khoebo ea Afrika) Ho tloha boipusong ba eona, Morocco e bile e 'ngoe ea linaha tse' maloa Afrika tse inehetseng ho nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea likoloi. Ka 2014, indasteri ea likoloi e ile ea feta indasteri ea phosphate ka lekhetlo la pele mme ea e-ba indasteri e kholo ka ho fetisisa e hlahisang thepa kantle ho naha.
1. Nalane ea nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea makoloi ea Morocco
1) Sethala sa pele
Ho tloha boipuso ba Morocco, e fetohile e 'ngoe ea linaha tse' maloa Afrika tse inehetseng ho nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea makoloi, ntle le Afrika Boroa le mebuso e meng ea makoloi.
Ho 1959, ka thuso ea Setaliana Fiat Automobile Group, Morocco e thehile Khamphani ea Lihlahisoa tsa Likoloi tsa Moroccan (SOMACA). Semela se sebelisoa haholo ho bokella likoloi tsa brand tsa Simca le Fiat, tse nang le matla a holimo a tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ea likoloi tse 30,000.
Ho 2003, ka lebaka la maemo a mabe a ts'ebetso ea SOMACA, mmuso oa Morocco o nkile qeto ea ho emisa ho nchafatsa konteraka le Fiat Group mme a rekisa karolo ea eona ea 38% k'hamphaning ho French Renault Group. Ka 2005, Renault Group e ile ea reka likarolo tsohle tsa eona tsa khoebo ea likoloi tsa Moroccane ho Fiat Group, 'me ea sebelisa k'hamphani ho kopanya Dacia Logan, lebitso la koloi le theko e tlase tlasa sehlopha. E rera ho hlahisa likoloi tse 30,000 ka selemo, halofo ea tsona e romelloa kantle ho Eurozone le Middle East. Likoloi tsa Logan kapele li ile tsa fetoha cha ea koloi e rekisoang haholo Morocco.
2) Sethala sa nts'etsopele e potlakileng
Ka 2007, indasteri ea makoloi ea Morocco e ile ea kena mohatong oa kholo e potlakileng. Selemong sena, mmuso oa Moroko le Renault Group ba saenetse tumellano ea ho etsa qeto ea kopanelo ea ho aha feme ea makoloi Tangier, Morocco ka tsetelo e felletseng ea li-euro tse limilione tse 600, ka tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ea makoloi a 400,000, 90% ea eona e tla romelloa kantle ho naha. .
Ka 2012, semela sa Renault Tangier se ile sa kengoa tšebetsong ka molao, haholo-holo se hlahisa likoloi tsa theko e tlase tsa Renault, 'me hanghang sa fetoha semela se seholo ka ho fetesisa sa likoloi Afrika le tikolohong ea Maarabia.
Ka 2013, karolo ea bobeli ea semela sa Renault Tangier e ile ea sebelisoa ka molao, 'me matla a tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo a eketsoa ho 340,000 ho ea ho likoloi tse 400,000.
Ho 2014, semela sa Renault Tangier le SOMACA ea eona e ts'oereng likoloi tsa 227,000, ka sekhahla sa lehae sa 45%, mme e rerile ho fihla 55% selemong sena. Ntle le moo, ho theoa le nts'etsopele ea Semela sa Kopano ea Likoloi tsa Renault ho khothalelitse nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea makoloi e haufi. Ho na le lifeme tse fetang 20 tsa likarolo tsa likoloi tse potileng fektheri, ho kenyeletsoa Denso Co., Ltd., moetsi oa lisebelisoa tsa litempe tsa Fora Snop, le Valeo oa Fora Valeo, moetsi oa khalase ea likoloi oa Fora Saint Gobain, lebanta la setulo la Japane le moetsi oa airbag Takata, le likoloi tsa Amerika. moetsi oa sistimi ea elektroniki Visteon, hara ba bang.
Ka Phuptjane 2015, French Peugeot-Citroen Group e phatlalalitse hore e tla tsetela li-euro tse limilione tse 557 ho la Moroko ho aha semela sa kopano ea likoloi se nang le sephetho sa ho qetela sa likoloi tsa 200,000 selemo le selemo. E tla hlahisa haholo-holo likoloi tse theko e tlase tse kang Peugeot 301 bakeng sa ho romelloa kantle ho mebaraka ea setso Afrika le Middle East. E tla qala tlhahiso ka 2019.
3) Indasteri ea makoloi e fetohile indasteri e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea ho rekisa kantle ho naha ea Morocco
Ho tloha ka 2009 ho isa ho 2014, boleng baselemo le selemo ba indasteri ea makoloi ea Morocco bo nyolohile ho tloha ho li-dirham tse limilione tse likete tse 12 ho isa ho li-dirham tse limilione tse likete tse 40, 'me karolo ea eona ho thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha ea Morocco le eona e eketsehile ho tloha ho 10.6% ho isa ho 20.1%.
Tshekatsheko ya data mebarakeng ya moo ho rekisetswang dithuthuthu e bontsha hore ho tloha ka 2007 ho isa ho 2013, mebaraka ya diyuniti tse romellwang kantle ho naha e tsepamisitswe haholo dinaheng tse 31 tsa Yuropa, e ikarabellang ho 93%, eo 46% ya yona e leng France, Spain, Italy le United Kingdom. ka ho latellana Ke 35%, 7% le 4.72%. Ntle le moo, kontinenteng ea Afrika le eona e nka karolo ea mmaraka, Egypt le Tunisia ke 2.5% le 1.2% ka tatellano.
Ka 2014, e ile ea feta indasteri ea phosphate ka lekhetlo la pele, mme indasteri ea makoloi ea Moroko e bile indasteri e fumanang chelete e kholo ka ho fetisisa kantle ho naha naheng ea Morocco. Letona la Liindasteri le Khoebo la Morocca Alami o boletse ka Pherekhong 2015 hore bophahamo ba thepa ea kantle ho indasteri ea makoloi ea Moroccan bo lebelletsoe ho fihla ho li-dirham tsa limilione tse likete tsa 100 ho 2020.
Nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea indasteri ea makoloi e ntlafalitse tlholisano ea lihlahisoa tsa kantle ho naha tsa Morocco ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, mme ka nako e ts'oanang e ntlafalitse boemo ba khaello ea nako e telele ea khoebo ea kantle ho naha ea Morocco. Ka halofo ea pele ea 2015, e khannoang ke kantle ho naha ho tsoa indastering ea likoloi, Morocco e bile le keketseho ea khoebo le Fora, molekane oa eona oa bobeli oa khoebo ea kholo ka ho fetisisa, ka lekhetlo la pele, e fihletseng li-euro tse limilione tse 198.
Ho tlalehiloe hore indasteri ea likhechana tsa likoloi tsa Morocco esale e le indasteri e kholo ka ho fetisisa indastering ea likoloi tsa Moroccane. Hajoale, indasteri e bokelletse lik'hamphani tse fetang 70 mme e fihletse kantle ho naha ea li-dirham tsa limilione tse likete tse 17.3 ka 2014. Leha ho le joalo, ha semela sa kopano ea Renault Tangier se kenngwa tšebetsong ka 2012, kantle ho naha likoloi tsa Moroccane li ile tsa nyoloha ho tloha ho Dh1.2 billion ka 2010 ho ea Dh19. 5 billion ka 2014, e leng sekgahla sa kgolo sa selemo le selemo se fetang 52%, ho feta maemo a fetileng. Export ea indasteri ea cable.
2. Mmaraka oa likoloi tsa lapeng oa Morocco
Ka lebaka la palo e nyane ea baahi, 'maraka oa likoloi tsa lapeng Morocco o batla o le monyane. Ho tloha ka 2007 ho isa ho 2014, thekiso ea makoloi ea selemo le selemo e ne e le pakeng tsa 100,000 le 130,000 feela. Ho latela tlhaiso-leseling e tsoang ho Motorcycle importers Association, palo ea thekiso ea Lithuthuthu e eketsehile ka 1.09% ka 2014, 'me palo ea thekiso ea likoloi tse ncha e fihlile ho 122,000, empa e ne e ntse e le tlase ho feta rekoto ea 130,000 e behiloeng ka 2012. Har'a tsona, Renault e theko e tlase Koloi ea koloi Dacia ke eona e rekisoang ka ho fetisisa. Lintlha tsa thekiso ea mofuta ka mong li tjena: Ho rekisa Dacia likoloi tse 33 737, keketseho ea 11%; Renault thekiso 11475, ho fokotseha ha 31%; Likoloi tsa Ford tse 11,194, keketseho ea 8.63%; Fiat sales of 10,074 likoloi, keketseho ea 33%; Peugeot e rekisa 8,901, E theohile ka 8.15%; Citroen e rekisitse makoloi a 5 382, keketseho ea 7.21%; Toyota e rekisitse likoloi tse 5138, keketseho ea 34%.
3. Indasteri ea makoloi ea Morocco e hohela matsete a kantle ho naha
Ho tloha ka 2010 ho isa ho 2013, matsete a tsoang kantle ho naha a khahliloeng ke indasteri ea lithuthuthu a eketsehile haholo, ho tloha ho li-dirham tsa limilione tse 660 ho isa ho li-dirham tsa limilione tse likete tse 2,4, mme karolo ea eona ea matsete a tsoang kantle ho naha a khahliloeng ke lekala la indasteri e eketsehile ho tloha ho 19.2% ho isa ho 45.3%. Har'a bona, ho 2012, ka lebaka la kaho ea feme ea Renault Tangier, matsete a tsoang kantle ho naha a khahlileng selemong seo a ile a hohela tlhoro ea li-dirham tsa 3.7 billion.
Fora ke mohloli o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa matsete a tsoang kantle ho naha ea Morocco. Ka ho theoa ha fektheri ea likoloi tsa Renault Tangier, Morocco butle-butle e fetohile setsi sa tlhahiso ea kantle ho naha bakeng sa lik'hamphani tsa Fora. Tloaelo ena e tla hlaka haholoanyane kamora ho phetheloa ha setsi sa tlhahiso sa Peugeot-Citroen ka sethuthuthu ka 2019.
4. Melemo ea ntlafatso ea indasteri ea makoloi ea Morocco
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, indasteri ea makoloi ea Morocco e fetohile e 'ngoe ea lienjini tsa nts'etsopele ea indasteri. Hajoale ho na le lik'hamphani tse fetang 200 tse abuoeng litsing tse tharo tse kholo, e leng Tangier (43%), Casablanca (39%) le Kenitra (7%). Ntle le sebaka sa eona se phahameng, boemo bo tsitsitseng ba lipolotiki, le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa basebetsi, nts'etsopele ea eona e potlakileng e na le mabaka a latelang:
1. Moroko e saenetse litumellano tsa mahala tsa khoebo le European Union, linaha tsa Maarabia, United States le Turkey, mme indasteri ea makoloi ea Moroko le eona e ka romella linaheng tse kaholimo ntle le litefiso.
Baetsi ba likoloi tsa Mafora ba Renault le Peugeot-Citroen ba bone melemo e kaholimo mme ba fetola Morocco setsi sa tlhahiso ea makoloi se theko e tlase bakeng sa kantle ho naha ho European Union le linaheng tsa Maarabia. Ntle le moo, ho theoa ha semela sa kopano ea likoloi ka sebele ho tla khannela likarolo tse holimo tsa likhoebo ho tsetela le ho theha lifeme ho la Moroko, ka tsela eo ho khanna nts'etsopele ea ketane eohle ea indasteri ea likoloi.
2. Etsa moralo o hlakileng oa nts'etsopele.
Ho 2014, Morocco e hlahisitse leano le potlakileng la nts'etsopele ea indasteri, moo indasteri ea makoloi e fetohileng indasteri ea bohlokoa bakeng sa Moroko ka lebaka la boleng ba eona bo phahameng, ketane e telele ea indasteri, bokhoni bo matla ba ho khanna le tharollo ea mesebetsi. Ho latela moralo, ka 2020, matla a tlhahiso ea indasteri ea makoloi ea Moroccane a tla nyoloha ho tloha ho 400,000 ea hajoale ho isa ho 800,000, sekhahla sa lehae se tla nyoloha ka 20% ho isa ho 65%, mme palo ea mesebetsi e tla nyoloha ka 90,000 ho isa 170,000.
3. Fa lekhetho le lithuso tse itseng tsa lichelete.
Toropong ea makoloi e thehiloeng ke mmuso (o mong le o mong Tangier le Kenitra), lekhetho la lekhetho la khoebo le lokolloe bakeng sa lilemo tse 5 tsa pele, mme sekhahla sa lekhetho bakeng sa lilemo tse 20 tse tlang ke 8.75%. Sekhahla se akaretsang sa lekhetho la koporasi ke 30%. Ntle le moo, mmuso oa Moroko o boetse o fana ka lithuso ho baetsi ba likarolo tse ling tsa likoloi tse tsetelang ho Moroccan, ho kenyeletsoa likaroloana tse 11 makaleng a mane a maholo a cable, likamore tsa likoloi, litempe tsa tšepe le libeteri, mme ke letsete la pele liindastering tsena tse 11. -3 lik'hamphani li ka fumana tšehetso ea 30% ea matsete a phahameng ka ho fetisisa.
Ntle le lithuso tse kaholimo, mmuso oa Moroko o boetse o sebelisa Letlole la Hassan II le Letlole la Nts'etsopele ea Liindasteri le Matsete ho fana ka likhothaletso tsa matsete.
4. Litsi tsa lichelete li tla tsoela pele ho nka karolo ho ts'ehetsa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea makoloi.
Ka Phupu 2015, Attijariwafa Bank, Banka ea Khoebo ea Kantle ho Naha ea Moroccan (BMCE) le BCP Bank, e leng libanka tse tharo tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa Moroko, li saenetse tumellano le Lekala la Liindasteri le Khoebo la Moroccane le Mokhatlo oa Khoebo ea Likoloi le Khoebo oa Moroccan (Amica) ho ts'ehetsa leano la nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea likoloi. Libanka tse tharo li tla fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa lichelete tsa kantle ho naha ho indasteri ea likoloi, ho potlakisa pokello ea likoloto tsa borakonteraka ba tlase, le ho fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa lichelete bakeng sa matsete le lithuso tsa koetliso.
5. Mmuso oa Moroko o khothaletsa ka matla koetliso ea litalenta lebaleng la likoloi.
Morena Mohammed VI o boletse puong ea hae ka letsatsi la ho beoa teroneng ka 2015 hore nts'etsopele ea litsi tsa koetliso ea mosebetsi oa matsoho indastering ea likoloi e lokela ho ntšetsoa pele. Hajoale, litsi tsa koetliso ea talenta ea indasteri ea likoloi (IFMIA) li se li thehiloe Tangier, Casa le Kennethra, moo indasteri ea likoloi e tsepamisitsoeng haholo. Ho tloha ka 2010 ho isa ho 2015, ho ile ha koetlisoa litalenta tse 70 000, ho kenyeletsoa batsamaisi ba 1 500, lienjineri tse 7000, litheknishiene tse 29,000 le liopareitara tse 32 500. Ntle le moo, mmuso o ts'ehetsa koetliso ea basebetsi. Thuso ea selemo le selemo ea koetliso ke li-dirham tse 30,000 bakeng sa basebetsi ba tsamaiso, li-dirham tse 30,000 bakeng sa litsebi, le li-dirham tse 15,000 bakeng sa basebetsang. Motho e mong le e mong a ka natefeloa ke litšehetso tse kaholimo ka lilemo tse 3 kaofela.
Ho latela tlhahlobo ea Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Khoebo sa Afrika, indasteri ea makoloi hajoale ke indasteri ea meralo le nts'etsopele ea 'muso oa Moralo oa "Moralo o Potlakileng oa Nts'etsopele ea Liindasteri". Lilemong tsa morao tjena, melemo e fapaneng joalo ka litumellano tsa khoebo ea kantle ho naha, merero e hlakileng ea nts'etsopele, maano a matle, tšehetso e tsoang mekhatlong ea lichelete, le palo e kholo ea litalenta tsa makoloi li thusitse ho phahamisa indasteri ea likoloi hore e be indasteri e kholo ka ho fetisisa e fumanang thepa kantle ho naha. Hajoale, matsete a indasteri ea makoloi a Morocco a its'etleha haholo kopanong ea makoloi, mme ho theoa ha lifeme tsa kopano ea likoloi ho tla tsamaisa lik'hamphani tse holimo ho tsetela ho la Moroko, ka ho etsa joalo e khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea ketane eohle ea indasteri ea likoloi.
Setsi sa barekisi ba likarolo tsa likoloi tsa Afrika Boroa
