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Ka Ikepili o ke kaʻina hoʻomohala a me nā manaʻolana o ka ʻoihana kaʻa ʻo Morocco

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Note: I ka 2014, ʻoi aku ka ʻoihana ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻoihana phosphate no ka manawa mua a lilo i ʻoihana nui e hoʻonui ana i ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻāina.

(Ke Keʻena ʻImiʻIliʻIliʻIke ʻApelika) mai kona kūʻokoʻa ʻana, ua lilo ʻo Morocco i hoʻokahi o nā ʻāina ma ʻApelika i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana kaʻa. I ka 2014, ʻoi aku ka ʻoihana ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻoihana phosphate no ka manawa mua a lilo i ʻoihana nui e hoʻonui ana i ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻāina.

1. Ka mōʻaukala hoʻomohala o ka ʻoihana kaʻa ʻo Morocco
1) pae mua
Mai ke kūʻokoʻa o Morocco, ua lilo ia i hoʻokahi o nā ʻāina ma ʻApelika i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana kaʻa, koe wale no ʻApelika Hema a me nā aupuni kaʻa ʻē aʻe.

Ma 1959, me ke kōkua o ka Italia Fiat Automobile Group, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Morocco i ka Moroccan Automobile Manufacturing Company (SOMACA). Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka mea kanu e hoʻākoakoa i nā kaʻa ʻo Simca a me Fiat, me ka hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i nā makahiki he 30,000 mau kaʻa.

I ka makahiki 2003, i ka nānā ʻana i nā kūlana hana maikaʻi ʻole o SOMACA, ua hoʻoholo ke aupuni Moroccan e hoʻōki i ka hana hou ʻana i ka ʻaelike me Fiat Group a kūʻai aku i kāna kuleana 38% i ka hui i ka French Renault Group. I ka makahiki 2005, ua kūʻai aku ka hui ʻo Renault i kāna mau ʻāpana ʻoihana hana kaʻa Moroccan mai Fiat Group, a hoʻohana i ka ʻoihana e hōʻuluʻulu iā Dacia Logan, kahi inoa kaʻa kaʻa liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka hui. Hoʻolālā ia e hoʻopuka i nā kaʻa he 30,000 i kēlā me kēia makahiki, kahi hapalua o ia e lawe ʻia i ka Eurozone a me ka Hikina Waena. Ua lilo koke nā kaʻa ʻo Logan i ke kaʻa kaʻa maikaʻi loa o Morocco.

2) Ke kahua hoʻomohala wikiwiki
I ka makahiki 2007, ua komo ka ʻoihana kaʻa Moroccan i kahi manawa o ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki. I kēia makahiki, ua kau inoa ke aupuni Moroccan a me ka hui ʻo Renault i kahi ʻaelike e hoʻoholo like e kūkulu i kahi hale hana kaʻa ma Tangier, Morocco me ka huina kālā hoʻopukapuka kālā ma kahi o 600 miliona mau Euro, me kahi hoʻolālā makahiki i hoʻolālā ʻia o 400,000 mau kaʻa, 90% o ia mau mea e hoʻolilo ʻia .

I ka makahiki 2012, ua hoʻokau ʻia i ka mea kanu ʻo Renault Tangier, hana nui i nā kaʻa haʻahaʻa ʻo Renault, a lilo koke i hale kanu hui kaʻa nui ma ʻApelika a me ka ʻāina ʻo ʻArabia.

I ka makahiki 2013, ua hoʻohana mana ʻia ka mahele ʻelua o ka ʻoihana Renault Tangier, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hana makahiki i 340,000 a i 400,000 mau kaʻa.

I ka makahiki 2014, ua hoʻokumu maoli ka mea kanu ʻo Renault Tangier a me kāna paʻa ʻana iā SOMACA i 227,000 mau kaʻa, me ka helu localization o 45%, a ke hoʻolālā nei e piʻi i 55% i kēia makahiki. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana ʻo Renault Tanger Automobile Assembly i ka hoʻomohala ʻia o ka ʻoihana ʻoihana kaʻa ʻoi aʻe. Aia ma mua o 20 mau ʻāpana ʻāpana a puni ka hale hana, e komo pū ana me Denso Co., Ltd., ka mea hana hehi Farani me Snop, a me Valeo o Palani Valeo, mea hana kīʻaha otomobile Palani Saint Gobain, kāʻei noho Japanese a me ka mea hana airbag Takata, a me nā kaʻa ʻAmelika ka mea hana ʻōnaehana uila ʻo Visteon, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

I ka mahina ʻo Iune 2015, ua hoʻolaha aku ka Palani Peugeot-Citroen Group e hoʻopukapuka 557 miliona mau kālā ma Morocco e kūkulu i kahi hui hui kaʻa me kahi hopena hope loa o 200,000 mau kaʻa. E hoʻopuka nui ia i nā kaʻa haʻahaʻa e like me Peugeot 301 no ka lawe aku i nā mākeke kuʻuna ma ʻApelika a me ka Hikina Waena. E hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana ma 2019.

3) Ua lilo ka ʻoihana kaʻa ʻo ia ka ʻoihana hoʻolilo nui loa o Morocco
Mai ka 2009 a hiki i ka 2014, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka waiwai hoʻolilo makahiki o ka hana kaʻa kaʻa Moroccan mai 12 biliona dirhams a 40 biliona dirhams, a ua hoʻonui ʻia hoʻi kāna mahele o ka huina o nā mea hoʻolilo o Morocco mai ka 10.6% a i ka 20.1%.

Ke hōʻike nei ka ʻikepili ma nā mākeke māka huakaʻi o nā mokokaikala mai ka 2007 a hiki i ka 2013, nā mākeke māka huakaʻi o nā mokokaikala e noʻonoʻo nui ʻia ma 31 mau ʻāina ʻEulopa, no 93%, a ʻo 46% ʻo Palani, Sepania, ʻItalia a me United Kingdom. ʻo 35% lākou, 7% a me 4.72%. Eia kekahi, noho ka ʻāina ʻApelika i kahi ʻāpana o ka mākeke, ʻo ʻAigupita a me Tunisia he 2.5% a me 1.2%.

I ka makahiki 2014, ua ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka ʻoihana phosphate no ka manawa mua, a ua lilo ka ʻoihana kaʻa ʻo Moroccan ka ʻoihana loaʻa ʻoihana hoʻolilo nui ma Moroccan. Ua haʻi aku ke Kuhina ʻoihana Moroccan o ka ʻoihana a me Trade Alami i Nowemapa 2015 e manaʻo ʻia e hōʻea i ka 100 biliona dirhams ka nui o ka mea e lawe aku ai i ka ʻoihana ʻo Moroccan i ka makahiki 2020.

ʻO ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana ʻoihana kaʻa i hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻokūkū o nā huahana hoʻolilo Moroccan i kekahi ʻano, a ma ka manawa like i hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka mokuʻāina o ka wā lōʻihi deficit o Moroccan haole kālepa. I ka hapa mua o 2015, ua hoʻokuke ʻia e nā mea hoʻolilo mai ka ʻoihana ʻenehana, ua loaʻa i Maroko kahi koena kālepa me Farani, ʻo ia ka lua o kāna hoa kālepa kalepa nui, no ka manawa mua, ua hōʻea i 198 miliona Euro.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ka ʻoihana uea kaʻa Moroccan ka ʻoihana nui loa ma ka ʻoihana kaʻa ʻo Maroko. I kēia manawa, ua ʻākoakoa ka ʻoihana ma mua o 70 mau ʻoihana a loaʻa i nā mea hoʻolilo he 17,3 biliona dirham i ka makahiki 2014. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka hui hui ʻo Renault Tangier i ka makahiki 2012, ua piʻi aʻe nā kaʻa lawe Moroccan mai Dh1.2 biliona i ka makahiki 2010 a i Dh19. 5 biliona ma 2014, kahi ulu ulu makahiki o ka 52%, ʻoi aku i ka pae mua. Ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ka ʻoihana uwea.

2. Mākeke kūloko kaʻa kūloko
Ma muli o ke kumu liʻiliʻi o ka lehulehu, ua liʻiliʻi ka mākeke kaʻa home i Morocco. Mai ka 2007 a hiki i ka 2014, aia nā kūʻai kalaiwa kaʻa kūloko ma waena o 100,000 a me 130,000 wale nō. Wahi a ka ʻikepili mai ka ʻAhahui Mīkini Mīkini, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā kūʻai aku o nā mokokaikala e 1.09% i ka 2014, a ua piʻi ka nui o ke kūʻai aku o nā kaʻa hou i 122,000, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka moʻolelo o 130,000 i hoʻonoho ʻia i ka makahiki 2012. Ma waena o lākou, ka liʻiliʻi o Renault ʻo ka brand kaʻa ʻo Dacia ka mea kūʻai aku maikaʻi loa. ʻO nā ʻikepili kūʻai aku o kēlā me kēia me kēia: Dacia kūʻai aku 33,737 mau kaʻa, kahi hoʻonui o 11%; Kūʻai ʻo Renault 11475, kahi emi o 31%; Kūʻai ʻo Ford i nā kaʻa 11,194, kahi hoʻonui o 8.63%; Nā kūʻai Fiat o 10,074 mau kaʻa, kahi hoʻonui o 33%; Kūʻai ʻo Peugeot 8,901, Iho 8.15%; Ua kūʻai aku ʻo Citroen i nā kaʻa he 5,382, kahi hoʻonui o 7.21%; Ua kūʻai aku ʻo Toyota i nā kaʻa he 5138, kahi hoʻonui o 34%.

3. Hoʻopiʻi ka hana kaʻa ʻo Moroccan i ka hoʻopukapuka haole
Mai ka 2010 a hiki i ka 2013, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hoʻopukapuka pololei haole e ka ʻoihana mokokaikala, mai ka 660 miliona dirhams a i ka 2.4 biliona dirhams, a me kāna ʻāpana o nā hoʻopukapuka pololei haole i ʻume ʻia e ka ʻenehana ʻoihana i hoʻonui ʻia mai 19.2% a 45.3%. I waena o lākou, i ka 2012, ma muli o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka hale hana ʻo Renault Tangier, ua ʻume ʻia ka hoʻopukapuka pololei haole i kēlā makahiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3,7 biliona dirhams.

ʻO Palani ke kumu waiwai nui loa a Morocco. Me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka hale kaʻa kaʻa ʻo Renault Tangier, ua lilo a lilo ʻo Morocco i kahua hana haole no nā hui Palani. E ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka base hana a Peugeot-Citroen i ka mokokaikala ma 2019.

4. Hoʻonui maikaʻi i ka ʻoihana ʻoihana kaʻa ʻo Morocco
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lilo ka ʻoihana kaʻa Moroccan kekahi o nā ʻenekini o ka ulu ʻana ʻoihana. Aia ma mua o 200 mau ʻoihana i hāʻawi ʻia i ʻekolu mau kikowaena nui, ʻo ia ʻo Tangier (43%), Casablanca (39%) a me Kenitra (7%). Ma waho aʻe o kona kūlana ʻāina kiʻekiʻe, kūlana politika kūpaʻa, a me nā kumukūʻai hana haʻahaʻa, aia nā kumu penei i kona ulu wikiwiki.

1. Ua kau inoa ʻo Morocco i nā ʻaelike kalepa manuahi me ka hui ʻana o ʻEulopa, nā ʻāina ʻAlapia, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Turkey, a hiki nō hoʻi i ka ʻāpana kaʻa ʻo Moroccan ke hoʻokuʻu aku i nā ʻāina i luna me ka uku ʻole ʻia o ka uku.

Ua ʻike ka poʻe hana kaʻa Farani ʻo Renault a me Peugeot-Citroen i nā mea maikaʻi i luna aʻe a lilo ʻo Morocco i kahua hana kaʻa haʻahaʻa no ka lawe aku i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa a me nā ʻāina ʻAlapia. Eia hou, ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi mea kanu hui kaʻa e hoʻohuli maoli i nā ʻoihana ʻāpana e hoʻopukapuka a kūkulu i nā hale hana ma Morocco, a laila e hoʻokele nei i ka hoʻomohala ʻia o nā kaulahao ʻoihana kaʻa holoʻokoʻa.

2. E hoʻolālā i kahi hoʻolālā hoʻolālā maopopo.
Ma 2014, ua noi ʻo Morocco i kahi hoʻolālā hoʻolālā ʻoihana holomua, kahi i lilo ai ka ʻoihana kaʻa i ʻoihana nui no Morocco ma muli o kāna waiwai i hoʻonui ʻia, ke kaulahao ʻoihana lōʻihi, hiki i ka hoʻokele ikaika a me ka hoʻonā hana. Wahi a ke kumumanaʻo, e 2020, e hoʻonui ka hana hana o ka hana kaʻa Moroccan mai ka 400,000 i kēia manawa a i ka 800,000, e hoʻonui ʻia ka helu localization e 20% a i 65%, a e hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā hana e 90,000 a hiki i 170,000.

3. E hāʻawi i kekahi mau ʻauhau a me nā kōkua kālā.
I ke kūlanakauhale kaʻa i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke aupuni (hoʻokahi i Tangier a me Kenitra), hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ʻauhau loaʻa kālā no nā makahiki 5 mua, a ʻo ka helu ʻauhau no 20 mau makahiki e hiki mai ana he 8.75%. ʻO ka helu ʻauhau loaʻa kālā ʻoihana nui he 30%. Hoʻohui ʻia, hāʻawi ʻē ke aupuni Moroccan i nā kōkua i kekahi mau mea hana kaʻa e hoʻopukapuka nei ma Moroccan, me 11 ʻāpana sub-sektor i loko o nā ʻehā nui o nā kaula uila, nā kaʻa o loko o nā kaʻa, nā hahi a me nā paila mālama, a ʻo ia ka hoʻopukapuka mua ma kēia 11 ʻoihana. -3 hiki i nā ʻoihana ke loaʻa i kahi kōkua o 30% o ka nui o ka hoʻopukapuka.

Ma waho aʻe o nā kōkua ma luna, hoʻohana pū ke aupuni Moroccan i ka Hassan II Fund a me ka Fund and Development Development Fund e hoʻolako i nā hoʻoulu waiwai hoʻopukapuka.

4. Komo hou nā hui kālā i ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana kaʻa.
I Iulai 2015, Bank Attijariwafa Bank, ka Moroccan Foreign Trade Bank (BMCE) a me BCP Bank, nā ʻekolu mau moku Moroccan nui loa, i hoʻopaʻa inoa i ka ʻaelike me ka Moroccan Ministry of Industry and Trade a me ka Moroccan Automobile Industry and Commerce Association (Amica) e kākoʻo i ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā o ka ʻoihana kaʻa. E hoʻolako nā panakō ʻekolu i nā lawelawe kālā kālā hoʻololi i ka ʻoihana ʻenehana, e hoʻonui ana i ka hōʻiliʻili o nā bila a nā mea kūʻai aku, a hāʻawi i nā lawelawe kālā no nā kōkua hoʻopukapuka a me nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa.

5. Hoʻolako ikaika ke aupuni Moroccan i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā kālena i ka māhele kaʻa.
Ua haʻi ʻo King Mohammed VI i kāna haʻi ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka lā noho aliʻi i ka makahiki 2015 e pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana aʻo limahana i ka ʻoihana kaʻa. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻehā mau keʻena hoʻomaʻamaʻa kālena ʻoihana kaʻa (IFMIA) ma Tangier, Casa a me Kennethra, kahi e hoʻopili ai ka ʻoihana kaʻa. Mai 2010 a 2015, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā tālena 70,000, me 1,500 nā luna, 7,000 ʻenekini, 29,000 ʻenehana, a me 32,500 mea hana. Eia hou, kōkua pū ke aupuni i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa limahana. ʻO ke kōkua hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomaʻamaʻa he 30,000 dirhams no nā limahana hoʻokele, 30,000 dirhams no nā loea, a 15,000 dirhams no nā mea hana. Hiki i kēlā me kēia kanaka ke ʻoliʻoli i nā kōkua ma luna no 3 mau makahiki.

Wahi a ka anamanaʻo o ka Africa Trade Research Center, ʻo ka ʻoihana kaʻa ʻo ia ka papahana hoʻolālā nui a me ka ʻoihana hoʻomohala i loko o ke aupuni "Moroccan" "Accelerated Industrial Development Plan". I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo nā pono like ʻole e like me nā ʻaelike kūwaho kalepa haole, nā papa hoʻomohala maopopo, nā kulekele maikaʻi, nā kākoʻo mai nā hui kālā, a me kahi helu nui o nā kālena kaʻa i kōkua i ka hoʻolauna ʻana i ka ʻoihana kaʻa e lilo i ʻoihana loaʻa hoʻolilo waiwai nui o ka ʻāina. I kēia manawa, hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻoihana hoʻokele ʻo Morocco i ka hui automobile, a ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mea kanu hui kaʻa e hoʻoneʻe i nā ʻoihana i uka e hoʻopukapuka iā Morocco, a laila e hoʻokele nei i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā kaulahao ʻoihana kaʻa holoʻokoʻa.

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