(African Trade Research Center) Kubva payakawana kuzvitonga, Morocco yakava imwe yenyika shoma muAfrica yakazvipira mukusimudzira indasitiri yemotokari. Muna 2014, indasitiri yemotokari yakapfuura indasitiri yephosphate kekutanga uye ikava indasitiri yakakura kwazvo inogadzira kunze kwenyika.
1. Nhoroondo yekuvandudza indasitiri yemotokari yeMorocco
1) Chikamu chekutanga
Kubva rusununguko rweMorocco, yakava imwe yenyika shoma muAfrica yakazvipira mukuvandudza indasitiri yemotokari, kunze kweSouth Africa nehumwe humambo hwemotokari.
Muna 1959, nerubatsiro rweItaly Fiat Automobile Group, Morocco yakamisa Moroccan Automobile Manufacturing Company (SOMACA). Iyo fekitori inonyanya kushandiswa kuunganidza Simca uye Fiat mhando mota, iine yakanyanya kugadzirwa pagore inokwana 30,000 mota.
Muna 2003, nekuda kwekusashanda zvakanaka kwemamiriro eSOMACA, hurumende yeMoroccan yakafunga kurega kumutsiridza kontrakiti neFiat Group uye vakatengesa zvikamu makumi matatu nemasere muzana mukambani iyi kuFrance Renault Group. Muna 2005, Renault Group rakatenga zvikamu zvaro zvese zvemakambani ekugadzira mota eMoroccan kubva kuFiat Group, uye vakashandisa kambani iyi kuunganidza Dacia Logan, yakachipa mota mhando pasi peboka. Inoronga kuburitsa mota zviuru makumi matatu pagore, hafu yacho inotumirwa kuEurozone neMiddle East. Logan mota dzakakurumidza kuve mota inotengesa zvakanyanya kuMorocco.
2) Kukurumidza kukura danho
Muna 2007, indasitiri yemotokari yeMoroccan yakapinda nhanho yekukurumidza kukura. Gore rino, hurumende yeMoroccan neRenault Group vakasaina chibvumirano chekusangana pamwe chete kuvaka fekitari yemotokari muTangier, Moroko nemari inosvika mazana matanhatu emamiriyoni emadhora, ine goho rakagadzirwa gore rega rega remotokari mazana mana, mazana mapfumbamwe muzana achaburitswa kunze. .
Muna 2012, iyo Renault Tangier fekitori yakaiswa zviri pamutemo kushanda, ichinyanya kuburitsa Renault brand yakachipa mota, uye pakarepo ikave hombe yemotokari gungano muAfrica nedunhu reArabhu.
Muna 2013, chikamu chechipiri cheRenault Tangier chirimwa chakashandiswa zviri pamutemo, uye kugona kwegore negore kwakawedzerwa kusvika pamotokari mazana matatu nemakumi mana kusvika mazana mana.
Muna 2014, iyo Renault Tangier chirimwa uye yayo inobata SOMACA yakanyatsogadzira 227,000 mota, ine chiyero chemunharaunda ye45%, uye inoronga kusvika 55% gore rino. Uye zvakare, kuvambwa uye kuvandudzwa kweRenault Tanger Automobile Assembly Plant kwakasimudzira kuvandudzwa kwemotokari yakatenderedza kumusoro kwerwizi. Kune anopfuura makumi maviri emagetsi mafekitori akakomberedza fekitori, anosanganisira Denso Co., Ltd., French stamping michina inogadzira Snop, uye Valeo weFrance Valeo, French yemotokari girazi inogadzira Saint Gobain, Chigaro cheJapan chigaro uye airbag mugadziri Takata, uye American mota yemagetsi system inogadzira Visteon, pakati pevamwe.
Muna Chikumi 2015, veFrench Peugeot-Citroen Boka vakazivisa kuti yaizodyara mamirioni makumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu emamiriyoni emadhora kuMorocco kuvaka gungano remotokari pamwe neyekupedzisira pagore ye200,000 mota. Ichanyanya kugadzira mota dzakadhura dzakadai sePeugeot 301 yekuendesa kunze kumisika yechinyakare mu Africa neMiddle East. Ichatanga kugadzirwa muna 2019.
3) Indasitiri yemotokari yave indasitiri hombe yekutengesa kunze kweMorocco
Kubva 2009 kusvika 2014, iyo Moroccan mota indasitiri yemotokari yegore rose mutengo wekutengesa wakakwira kubva pamabhirioni gumi nemaviri emadhora kusvika kumabhiriyoni makumi mana emadhora, uye mugove waro mukutengesa kunze kweMorocco kwakawedzerawo kubva pa10,6% kusvika pa20.1%.
Kuongororwa kwedatha pamisika yekunze yekutya yemidhudhudhu inoratidza kuti kubva muna 2007 kusvika 2013, misika yekuenda kunze kwenyika yemidhudhudhu yakanyanya kuwanda munyika makumi matatu neimwe dzeEuropean, ichiverengera 93%, 46% yacho iri France, Spain, Italy neUnited Kingdom. zvichiteerana Ivo vari 35%, 7% uye 4.72%. Uye zvakare, iyo kondinendi ye Africa inotorawo chikamu chemusika, Egypt neTunisia zviri 2.5% uye 1.2% zvichiteerana.
Muna 2014, yakapfuura indasitiri yephosphate kekutanga, uye indasitiri yemotokari yeMoroccan yakava indasitiri hombe yekutengesa kunze kwenyika muMoroccan. Gurukota reMorocco neChipatimendi Rezvekutengeserana Alami akataura munaNovember 2015 kuti huwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika hweMoroccan indasitiri yemotokari inotarisirwa kusvika zana emadhora emadhora mu2020.
Kukurumidza kukurumidza kweindasitiri yemotokari kwakavandudza kukwikwidza kweMoroccan zvigadzirwa zvekutumira kune imwe nhanho, uye panguva imwechete zvakagadzirisa mamiriro ekushomeka kwenguva refu kwekutengeserana kwekunze kweMoroccan. Muhafu yekutanga yegore ra2015, ichitungamirwa nekutumirwa kunze kwenyika kubva kuindasitiri yemotokari, Moroko yaive neyakawandisa yekutengeserana neFrance, yechipiri mubatsiri wayo wekutengeserana, kekutanga, ichisvika 198 mamirioni euros.
Zvinonzi iyo Moroccan mota indasitiri tambo yakagara iri indasitiri hombe mu Moroccan mota indasitiri. Parizvino, indasitiri iyi yaunganidza makambani anodarika makumi manomwe uye yakawana kunze kwenyika zviuru gumi nezvinomwe zvemadhora muna 2014. Zvisinei, pakagadzwa gungano reRenault Tangier mugore ra2012, mota dzeMoroccan dzakatengeswa kunze kwenyika dzakakwira kubva pa Dh1.2 bhiriyoni muna 2010 kusvika Dh19. 5 bhiriyoni muna 2014, huwandu hwegore rekukura hunopfuura 52%, kupfuura chinzvimbo chekare. Export yekambo indasitiri.
2.Musika weMotokari weMorocco
Nekuda kwenzvimbo diki yevagari, musika wemota dzepamba muMorocco idiki. Kubva 2007 kusvika 2014, iyo yepamba yekutengesa mota yegore yaingova pakati pezviuru zana nezana nemazana matatu ezviuru. Sekureva kwedata kubva kuMotorcycle importers Association, huwandu hwekutengesa hweMidhudhudhu hwakawedzera ne0.09% muna2014, uye huwandu hwekutengesa mota nyowani hwakasvika ku122,000, asi yaive ichiderera pane zvinyorwa zve130,000 yakatarwa muna 2012. Pakati pazvo, Renault yakachipa mota brand Dacia ndiyo inotengesa zvakanyanya. Iyo yekutengesa data yemhando yega yega ndeinotevera: Dacia kutengesa 33 737 mota, kuwedzera kwe11%; Renault kutengesa 11475, kuderera kwe31%; Ford kutengesa 11,194 mota, kuwedzera kwe8.33%; Fiat kutengesa kwe10 074 mota, kuwedzera kwe33%; Peugeot kutengesa 8,901, Pasi 8.15%; Citroen vakatengesa 5,382 mota, kuwedzera kwe7.21%; Toyota yakatengesa 5138 mota, kuwedzera kwe34%.
3. Indasitiri yemotokari yeMoroccan inokwezva kudyara kwekunze
Kubva 2010 kusvika 2013, yekudyara yakananga yekunze inokwezva neindasitiri yemidhudhudhu yakawedzera zvakanyanya, kubva pamamiriyoni mazana matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu emadhora kusvika pamabhiriyoni maviri emadhora, uye chikamu chayo chekudyara kwekunze kwekunze chakakwezvwa nebazi remaindasitiri chakawedzera kubva pa19.2% kusvika pa45.3%. Pakati pavo, mu2012, nekuda kwekuvakwa kwefekitori yeRenault Tangier, iyo yekudyara yakananga yekune dzimwe nyika yakakwevera gore iro rakazosvika pakakwirira mazana matatu emamiriyoni emadhora.
France ndiyo sosi hombe yeMorocco yekudyara yakananga kunze kwenyika. Nekugadzwa kweRenault Tangier mota fekitori, Moroko zvishoma nezvishoma yakava yekunze yekugadzira base yemakambani eFrance. Iyi tsika ichawedzera kuoneka mushure mekupedzwa kwePeugeot-Citroen's base base muMidhudhudhu mu2019.
4. Kubudirira kwezvakanaka zveindasitiri yemotokari yeMorocco
Mumakore achangopfuura, indasitiri yemotokari yeMoroccan yave imwe yeinjini dzekuvandudza kwemaindasitiri. Pari zvino pane makambani anopfuura mazana maviri akagoverwa munzvimbo nhatu huru, dzinoti Tangier (43%), Casablanca (39%) uye Kenitra (7%). Kunze kwenzvimbo yaro yepamusoro yenzvimbo, mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika akatsiga, uye nemitengo yakaderera yevashandi, kukurumidza kwayo kukura kune zvikonzero zvinotevera:
1. Morokero yakasaina zvibvumirano zvemahara zvekutengeserana neEuropean Union, nyika dzeArabhu, United States neTurkey, uye indasitiri yemotokari yeMoroccan inogona zvakare kutumira kune nyika dziri pamusoro pasina mitero.
Vagadziri veFrance veRenault naPeugeot-Citroen vaona zvakanakira pamusoro apa ndokushandura Maroko kuva nzvimbo yemutengo wakaderera wemotokari yekutengesa kunze kwenyika kuEuropean Union nenyika dzeArabhu. Pamusoro pezvo, kumisikidzwa kweimwe gungano remotokari kuchaendesa zvirokwazvo makambani epamusoro ekudyara nekumisikidza mafekitori muMorocco, zvichidaro kutungamira kuvandudzwa kwekambani yese yemotokari cheni.
Gadzira chirongwa chakajeka chekuvandudza.
Muna 2014, Morocco yakaronga hurongwa hwekuvandudza maindasitiri, mairi indasitiri yemotokari yave indasitiri yakakosha kuMorocco nekuda kwekukosha kwayo kwakanyanya, cheni refu maindasitiri, kugona kugona kutyaira uye kugadzirisa basa. Sekureva kwechirongwa ichi, kusvika 2020, huwandu hwekugadzira hweMoroccan mota indasitiri ichawedzera kubva parizvino 400,000 kusvika 800,000, chiyero chemuno chinowedzera ne20% kusvika 65%, uye huwandu hwemabasa huchawedzera ne90,000 kusvika 170,000.
3. Ipai mimwe mitero uye rubatsiro rwemari.
Muguta remotokari rakagadzwa nehurumende (imwe neimwe muTangier neKenitra), mutero wemubhadharo wekambani unoregererwa kwemakore mashanu ekutanga, uye mwero wemutero wemakore makumi maviri anotevera i8.75%. Iyo yakajairika yemubhadharo mari yemutero ndeye 30%. Uye zvakare, hurumende yeMoroccan inopawo rubatsiro kune vamwe vagadziri vezvikamu zvemotokari vanoisa mari muMoroccan, kusanganisira zvikamu gumi neshimwe mumativi mana makuru ekambani, zvemukati memotokari, simbi yekumisa uye mabhatiri ekuchengetedza, uye ndiyo yekutanga mari inodyara mumaindasitiri gumi nerimwe aya. -3 Makambani anogona kuwana rubatsiro rwe30% yehuwandu hwekudyara.
Pamusoro pemabhizimusi ari pamusoro, hurumende yeMoroccan inoshandisa zvakare iyo Hassan II Fund uye Yekuvandudza uye Yekudyara Fund Fund kupa zvinokurudzira zvekudyara.
4. Masangano emari anoenderera mberi nekutora chikamu mukutsigira kusimudzira indasitiri yemotokari.
Muna Chikunguru 2015, Attijariwafa Bank, Moroccan Foreign Trade Bank (BMCE) uye BCP Bank, mabhanga matatu makuru eMoroccan, akasaina chibvumirano neMoroccan Ministry of Industry and Trade uye Moroccan Automobile Industry and Commerce Association (Amica) kutsigira nzira yekuvandudza indasitiri yemotokari. Iwo mabhanga matatu achapa ekunze mari yekutsigira mari kune iyo indasitiri yemotokari, ichikurumidzira kuunganidzwa kwemabhizimusi evakuru, uye nekupa masevhisi emari ekudyara uye ekudzidzisa mari.
5. Hurumende yeMorocco inosimudzira nesimba kudzidziswa kwematarenda mundima yemotokari.
King Mohammed VI akataura muhurukuro yake pazuva rekugadzwa pachigaro muna 2015 kuti budiriro yemasangano ekudzidzisa mabasa muindasitiri yemotokari inofanira kusimudzirwa. Parizvino, ina indasitiri yemotokari tarenda yekudzidzisa masisitimu (IFMIA) akagadzwa muTangier, Casa neKennethra, uko indasitiri yemotokari yakasimbiswa. Kubva 2010 kusvika 2015, 70,000 matarenda akadzidziswa, kusanganisira 1,500 mamaneja, 7,000 mainjiniya, 29,000 mahunyanzvi, uye 32,500 vanoshanda. Uye zvakare, hurumende inotsigirawo kudzidziswa kwevashandi. Mari yegore negore yekudzidziswa ndeye 30,000 dirhams yevashandi vevatariri, 30,000 dirhams yevanamakanika, uye 15,000 dirhams yevanoshanda. Munhu wega wega anokwanisa kunakirwa nerubatsiro rwataurwa pamusoro kweuwandu hwemakore matatu.
Zvinoenderana nekuongororwa kweAfrican Trade Research Center, indasitiri yemotokari parizvino ndiyo indasitiri yekuronga nekusimudzira muhurumende yeMoroccan "Accelerated Industrial Development Plan". Mumakore achangopfuura, zvakwakanakira zvakasiyana senge zvibvumirano zvekushambadzira zvekunze, zvirongwa zvakajeka zvebudiriro, marongero akanaka, rutsigiro kubva kumasangano emari, uye huwandu hwakawanda hwetarenda remotokari zvakabatsira kusimudzira indasitiri yemotokari kuti ive indasitiri yakakura kwazvo yekutengesa kunze kwenyika. Parizvino, indasitiri yemotokari yeMorokoro inodyara inonyanya kubva pagungano remotokari, uye kumisikidzwa kwenzvimbo dzemagungano emota kuchaendesa makambani epamusoro ekudyara muMorocco, zvichidaro kutungamira kuvandudzwa kwekambani yese yemotokari cheni.
Chamhembe Afrika
Kenya Zvidimbu Zvevatengesi Dhairekitori
