Côte d’Ivoire ita ce babbar masana'antar samar da roba a Afirka, inda a kowace shekara take fitar da tan dubu 230,000 na roba. A shekarar 2015, farashin kasuwar roba ta kasa da kasa ta fadi zuwa 225 francs / kg na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda hakan ya yi matukar tasiri ga masana'antar roba ta kasar, da kamfanonin sarrafa dangi da manoma. Côte d'Ivoire ita ce kuma ta biyar mafi girma a duniya wajen samar da man dabino, inda a kowace shekara take fitar da tan miliyan 1.6 na dabino. Masana’antar dabino na daukar mutane miliyan 2, wanda ya kai kimanin 10% na yawan mutanen kasar.
Dangane da rikicin masana'antar roba, Shugaba Ouattara na Cote d'Ivoire ya bayyana a cikin jawabinsa na Sabuwar Shekarar 2016 cewa, a shekarar 2016, gwamnatin Côte d'Ivoire za ta kara inganta sauyin masana'antar roba da dabino, ta hanyar kara yawan Kuɗin shiga zuwa fitarwa da haɓaka haɓakar manoma sosai, Tabbatar da fa'idodin masu aikin da suka dace.
Robar ƙasar Cote d'Ivoire ta haɓaka cikin sauri a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, kuma yanzu ƙasar ta zama babbar mai samar da kayayyaki da fitarwa a Afirka.
Tarihin roba a Afirka ya fi karkata ne a Yammacin Afirka, Najeriya, Côte d'Ivoire, da Laberiya, a matsayin ƙasashe masu kera roba a Afirka, waɗanda a da suke da sama da 80% na jimlar Afirka. Koyaya, a tsakanin shekarun 2007-2008, noman Afirka ya faɗi kusan tan 500,000, sannan kuma ya ci gaba da haɓaka, zuwa kimanin tan 575,000 a cikin 2011/2012. A cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, yawan abin da aka samu a Côte d'Ivoire ya tashi daga tan 135,000 a shekarar 2001/2002 zuwa tan 290,000 a shekarar 2012/2013, kuma yawan abin da aka samu ya tashi daga 31.2% zuwa 44.5% a cikin shekaru 10. Sabanin Nijeriya, rabon samar da kayayyaki a Laberiya ya ragu da kashi 42% a daidai wannan lokacin.
Robar ƙasar Côte d'Ivoire ta samo asali ne daga ƙananan manoma. Wani mai noman roba gabaɗaya yana da bishiyoyin ɗanko na 2,000 sama da ƙasa, wanda yakai 80% na duk bishiyoyin roba. Sauran manyan gonaki ne. Tare da tallafi ba kakkautawa daga gwamnatin Côte d’Ivoire don dasa roba a cikin shekaru, yankin roba na ƙasar ya ci gaba da haɓaka zuwa hekta 420,000, wanda aka girbe kadada 180,000; farashin roba a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, wadataccen fitowar bishiyoyin roba da daidaitaccen kudin shiga da suka kawo, Da ɗan ƙaramin saka hannun jari a matakin gaba, ta yadda manoma da yawa ke shiga cikin masana'antar.
Yawan shekara-shekara na gandun daji na roba na ƙananan manoma a Côte d’Ivoire gaba ɗaya zai iya kaiwa tan 1.8 / ha, wanda ya fi sauran kayayyakin amfanin gona kamar koko, wanda kawai yakai 660 kg / ha. Sakamakon kayan gona na iya isa tan 2.2 / ha. Mafi mahimmanci, roba Bayan dajin da aka fara sarewa, ƙarancin saka hannun jari a takin mai magani da magungunan ƙwari ne ake buƙata. Kodayake itacen gum a Côte d'Ivoire shima ya kamu da cutar fure-fure da ruɓaɓɓen tushe, akwai iyakantaccen rabo na 3% zuwa 5%. Ban da lokacin yankewa a watannin Maris da Afrilu, ga manoman roba, kuɗin shigar shekara-shekara yana da ƙarfi. Bugu da kari, hukumar gudanarwa ta kasar Ivory Coast ta APROMAC ita ma ta wasu kudaden ci gaban roba, a cewar kashi 50% na farashin, kimanin 150-225 XOF / roba da aka baiwa kananan manoma na tsawon shekaru 1-2, bayan an sare bishiyoyin roba, za su za a dawo da shi a XOF 10-15 / kg. Zuwa APROMAC, ya inganta manoman gida sosai don shiga wannan masana'antar.
Ofaya daga cikin dalilan saurin ci gaban roba na Côte d’Ivoire yana da alaƙa da gudanar da gwamnati. A farkon kowane wata, kamfanin roba na kasar APROMAC ya sanya kashi 61% na farashin CIF na roba na Kamfanin Kasuwancin Singapore. A cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, irin wannan ƙa'idar ta tabbatar da babban kwarin gwiwa ga manoman roba na cikin gida don nemo hanyoyin ƙara samar da kayayyaki.
Bayan ɗan gajeren koma baya na roba tsakanin 1997 da 2001, farawa a 2003, farashin roba na duniya ya ci gaba da tashi. Kodayake sun faɗi kusan XOF271 / kg a cikin 2009, farashin sayan ya kai XOF766 / kg a 2011 kuma ya faɗi zuwa XOF444.9 / kg a 2013. Kilogram. A yayin wannan tsarin, farashin sayan da APROMAC ya sanya a koyaushe yana da dangantaka da aiki tare da farashin roba na duniya, wanda ke sa manoman robar su sami daidaito.
Wani dalili kuma shi ne tunda masana'antar roba a Côte d'Ivoire suna kusa da wuraren samarwa, yawanci suna siye kai tsaye daga ƙananan manoma, suna gujewa hanyoyin tsaka-tsaki. Duk manoman roba gabaɗaya zasu iya samun irin farashin da APROMAC, musamman bayan 2009. Dangane da ƙaruwar ƙarfin samar da masana'antun roba da buƙatar gasa tsakanin masana'antar yanki don albarkatun ƙasa, wasu kamfanonin roba suna saye a farashin XOF 10-30 / kilogiram sama da robar APROMAC don tabbatar da samarwa, da faɗaɗawa da kafa masana'antar reshe a yankuna masu nisa da ci gaba. Hakanan ana rarraba tashoshin tattara manne a wurare daban-daban masu samar da roba.
Robar Côte d'Ivoire asalinta duk ana fitar da ita daga waje, kuma ana amfani da ƙasa da kashi 10 cikin ɗari na abubuwan da take fitarwa don samar da kayayyakin roba na cikin gida. Inarin fitar da roba a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata ya nuna karuwar fitarwa da canje-canje a farashin roba na duniya. A shekarar 2003, darajar fitar da kaya ta kai dalar Amurka miliyan 113 kacal, kuma ya tashi zuwa dala biliyan 1.1 a shekarar 2011. A wannan lokacin, ya kusan zuwa dalar Amurka miliyan 960 a shekarar 2012. Rubber ta zama ta biyu mafi girma daga kasar zuwa fitarwa, ba ta biyu ba fitar da koko. Kafin goron cashew, auduga da kofi, babban wurin da ake fitarwa shine Turai, wanda yakai kashi 48%; manyan kasashen da suka fi sayen kayan sun hada da Jamus, Spain, Faransa da Italia, kuma kasar da ta fi shigo da roba ta Cote d’Ivoire a Afirka ita ce Afirka ta Kudu. Shigo da Dalar Amurka miliyan 180 a shekara ta 2012, sannan Malaysia da Amurka suka biyo baya a jadawalin kayan da aka fitar, duka suna kusan dala miliyan 140 na Amurka. Duk da cewa kasar Sin ba ta da yawa, amma ta dauki kashi 6% na kayan roba da Côte d’Ivoire ke fitarwa a shekarar 2012, amma kasar da ta fi saurin ci gaba, Ruwa 18 a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata ya nuna bukatar da China ke da ita ga roba ta Afirka a shekarun baya.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, duk da kasancewar sabbin kamfanoni, babban kason roba na Côte d'Ivoire koyaushe kamfanoni uku ne suka mamaye shi: SAPH, SOGB, da TRCI. SAPH reshen kasuwancin roba ne na SIFCA Group of Côte d'Ivoire. Ba wai kawai tana da gonakin roba ba ne, har ma tana sayan roba daga ƙananan manoma. Ta samar da tan dubu 120 na roba a cikin 2012-2013, wanda ya kai kashi 44% na jimlar kuɗin roba na Côte d'Ivoire. Sauran biyun, SOGB, wanda ke karkashin kulawar Belgium da TRCI, wanda ke karkashin kulawar Singapore GMG, kowane asusu ya kai kimanin kashi 20% na kason, da kuma wasu kamfanoni da kananan kamfanoni da ke sauran 15%.
Wadannan kamfanoni uku suma suna da masana'antar sarrafa roba. SAPH shine mafi girman kamfanin sarrafa roba, wanda yakai kimanin kashi 12% na karfin samarwa a shekarar 2012, kuma ana sa ran zai kai tan 124,000 na samarwa a shekara ta 2014, inda SOGB da TRCI suka kai 17.6% da 5.9%, bi da bi. Bugu da kari, akwai wasu kamfanoni masu tasowa wadanda suke da yawan sarrafawa tun daga tan 21,000 zuwa tan 41,000. Mafi girma shine masana'antar roba ta CHC na SIAT a Belgium, wanda yakai kimanin 9.4%, da kuma masana'antun roba 6 a Cote d'Ivoire (SAPH, SOGB, CHC, EXAT, SCC da CCP) duka ƙarfin sarrafawar ya kai tan 380,000 a 2013 kuma shine ana sa ran zai kai tan 440,000 a karshen shekarar 2014.
Kirkiro da ƙera tayoyi da kayayyakin roba a Côte d’Ivoire bai ci gaba ba sosai a cikin ‘yan shekarun nan. A cewar bayanan hukuma, akwai kamfanonin roba guda uku, wadanda suka hada da SITEL, CCP da ZENITH, wadanda ke da adadin bukatun shekara-shekara na tan 760 na roba kuma suna cinye kasa da 1% na abin da Côte d’Ivoire ke fitarwa. Akwai rahotanni da ke cewa kayayyakin roba masu gasa daga China suke. Ya shafi ci gaban kayayyakin karshen roba a cikin ƙasar.
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙasashen Afirka, Côte d'Ivoire tana da fa'ida a masana'antar roba, amma kuma tana fuskantar matsaloli da yawa. Babba shine ci gaba da faduwa a farashin roba na duniya a yearsan shekarun nan. Faduwar fiye da kashi 40% a cikin shekaru biyu ya kuma shafi kokarin kasar na manoman robar. Farashin sayayyar ya rage karfin gwiwar manoman robar. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tsadar farashin roba ta sa yawan wadata ya wuce bukatar. Farashin roba ya faɗi daga XOF766 / KG a lokacin da ya kai kololuwa zuwa 265 a cikin Maris 2014 (XOF 281 / a cikin Fabrairu 2015). KG) Wannan ya haifar da ƙananan manoman roba a Ivory Coast sun rasa sha'awar ƙarin ci gaba.
Abu na biyu, canje-canje a cikin manufofin harajin Côte d'Ivoire suma sun shafi masana'antar. Rashin haraji ne ya sanya kasar gabatar da harajin kasuwanci na roba 5% a shekarar 2012, wanda ya dogara da harajin kudin shiga na kamfanoni 25% da kuma XOF7500 a kowace kadada da ake karba a gonaki daban-daban. Haraji da aka ɗora bisa la'akari. Kari akan haka, kamfanoni har yanzu suna biyan karin haraji (VAT) yayin fitar da roba. Kodayake masu kera roba na Ivory Coast na iya yin alƙawarin za su sami rarar wani ɓangare daga harajin da aka biya, saboda matsalolin babban aikin gwamnati, wannan kuɗin na iya cin dala da yawa. shekara. Babban haraji da ƙarancin farashin roba na ƙasa da ƙasa sun sanya wa kamfanonin roba wahala samun riba. A shekarar 2014, gwamnati ta ba da shawarar sake fasalin haraji, ta soke harajin kasuwancin roba 5%, tare da karfafa gwiwar kamfanonin roba su ci gaba da sayen robar kai tsaye daga kananan manoma, da kare kudaden shigar kananan manoma, da kuma karfafa ci gaban roba.
Farashin roba na ƙasa da ƙasa sun yi rauni, kuma abin da Cote d'Ivoire ke fitarwa ba zai ragu ba a cikin gajeren lokaci. A bayyane yake cewa samarwar zata karu a cikin matsakaici da dogon lokaci. Dangane da lokacin girbi na shekaru 6 na lokacin shuka da lokacin girbi na shekaru 7-8 na ƙaramin gonar ƙaramin manoma, fitowar bishiyoyin roba da aka dasa kafin ƙimar farashin roba a cikin 2011 kawai za ta ƙaruwa sannu a hankali cikin shekaru masu zuwa , kuma samarwa a cikin 2014 ya kai Ton 311,000, ya wuce tsammanin tan 296,000. A shekarar 2015, ana sa ran fitowar ya kai tan 350,000, a cewar hasashen APROMAC na kasar. Nan da shekarar 2020, yawan roba da kasar ke samarwa zai kai tan 600,000.
Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwancin Sin da Afirka ta yi nazari cewa, a matsayin ta na kasar da ta fi kowacce samar da roba a Afirka, roba ta kasar Cote-d’Ivoire ta bunkasa cikin sauri a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, kuma yanzu kasar ta zama mafi girma da ke samar da roba da fitar da ita a Afirka. A halin yanzu, roba ta Côte d’Ivoire galibi ana fitar da ita zuwa ƙasashen waje, kuma masana'antunta na kerawa da ƙera tayoyi da kayayyakin roba ba su ci gaba sosai ba a recentan shekarun nan, kuma ana amfani da ƙasa da kashi 10 cikin 100 na abubuwan da ake fitarwa don sarrafa roba na cikin gida. Akwai rahotanni da ke cewa karin kayayyakin roba da ke gasa daga China sun shafi ci gaban kayayyakin karshen roba a kasar. A lokaci guda, kasar Sin ita ce kasar da ta fi saurin bunkasa cikin fitar da roba daga Cote d'Ivoire, wanda ke nuna babbar bukatar da kasar Sin ke da ita ga roba na Afirka a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Littafin Rubutun berungiyar Côte d'Ivoire
Cote d'Ivoire Rubber Mould Shafin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci
