Côte d'Ivoire n’igihugu kinini cya Afurika gikora reberi, kikaba gisohoka buri mwaka toni 230.000 za rubber. Muri 2015, igiciro mpuzamahanga cy’isoko rya reberi cyamanutse kigera kuri 225 frf / kg yo muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba, ibyo bikaba byaragize ingaruka zikomeye ku nganda za rubber, igihugu gitunganya abahinzi n’abahinzi. Côte d'Ivoire nayo ni iya gatanu mu bihugu bitanga amavuta y’imikindo ku isi, ikaba isohora buri mwaka toni miliyoni 1.6 y’amavuta y’amamesa. Inganda zimikindo zikoresha abantu miliyoni 2, zingana na 10% byabatuye igihugu.
Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ikibazo cy’inganda, Perezida Ouattara wa Côte d'Ivoire mu ijambo rye ry’umwaka mushya wa 2016 yavuze ko mu 2016, guverinoma ya Côte d'Ivoire izakomeza guteza imbere ivugurura ry’inganda z’imikindo n’imikindo, hongerwa igipimo cya amafaranga yinjira mu musaruro no kongera cyane abahinzi binjiza, Kwemeza inyungu zabakora umwuga.
Rubber karemano ya Côte d'Ivoire yateye imbere byihuse mu myaka 10 ishize, kandi ubu igihugu cyabaye igihugu kinini muri Afurika n’ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.
Amateka ya reberi karemano nyafurika yibanze cyane muri Afrika yuburengerazuba, Nijeriya, Côte d'Ivoire, na Liberiya, nkibihugu bisanzwe byo muri Afurika bitanga reberi, byahoze bifite ibice birenga 80% bya Afrika. Icyakora, mu gihe cya 2007-2008, umusaruro wa Afurika wagabanutse kugera kuri toni 500.000, hanyuma wiyongera buhoro buhoro, ugera kuri toni 575.000 muri 2011/2012. Mu myaka 10 ishize, umusaruro wa Côte d'Ivoire wavuye kuri toni 135.000 muri 2001/2002 ugera kuri toni 290.000 muri 2012/2013, naho umusaruro uva kuri 31.2% ugera kuri 44.5% mu myaka 10. Bitandukanye na Nijeriya, umugabane wa Liberiya wagabanutseho 42% mugihe kimwe.
Rubber isanzwe ya Côte d'Ivoire ituruka ahanini ku bahinzi bato. Ubusanzwe umuhinzi wa reberi afite ibiti 2000 byinini hejuru no hepfo, bingana na 80% byibiti byose. Ahasigaye ni imirima minini. Hamwe n'inkunga idahwema gutangwa na guverinoma ya Côte d'Ivoire mu guhinga ka rubber mu myaka yashize, ubuso bwa reberi mu gihugu bwiyongereye kugera kuri hegitari 420.000, muri bwo hasaruwe hegitari 180.000; igiciro cya reberi mumyaka 10 ishize, umusaruro uhamye wibiti bya rubber hamwe ninjiza ihamye bazanye, Kandi ugereranije nishoramari rito mubyiciro byanyuma, kuburyo abahinzi benshi bitabira cyane muruganda.
Umusaruro ngarukamwaka w’amashyamba ya reberi y’abahinzi bato muri Côte d'Ivoire muri rusange ushobora kugera kuri toni 1.8 / ha, ukaba uruta kure cyane ibindi bicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi nka kakao, bingana na 660 kg / ha. Umusaruro wibihingwa urashobora kugera kuri toni 2,2 / ha. Icy'ingenzi cyane, reberi Nyuma y’ishyamba ritangiye gutemwa, hasabwa gusa ishoramari rito mu ifumbire mvaruganda n’imiti yica udukoko. Nubwo ibiti by'ishinya muri Côte d'Ivoire nabyo byibasiwe n'ifu ya powdery mildew no kubora kw'imizi, hari umubare muto gusa wa 3% kugeza 5%. Usibye igihe cyiza muri Werurwe na Mata, ku bahinzi ba rubber, amafaranga yinjiza buri mwaka arahagaze. Byongeye kandi, ikigo gishinzwe imiyoborere ya Cote d'Ivoire APROMAC nacyo binyuze mu kigega cyo guteza imbere reberi, ukurikije 50% by'igiciro, ingemwe zigera ku 150-225 XOF / rubber zahawe abahinzi bato mu myaka 1-2, nyuma yo gutema ibiti bya reberi, bazabikora gusubizwa kuri XOF 10-15 / kg. Kuri APROMAC, yazamuye cyane abahinzi baho kwinjira muruganda.
Imwe mumpamvu ziterambere ryihuse rya rubber ya Côte d'Ivoire ifitanye isano nubuyobozi bwa guverinoma. Mu ntangiriro za buri kwezi, ikigo cya rubber cyo mu gihugu APROMAC gishyiraho 61% by'igiciro cya reberi CIF yo kuvunja ibicuruzwa muri Singapore. Mu myaka 10 ishize, ubu bwoko bwamabwiriza bwerekanye ko bushishikarije abahinzi ba rubber gushakisha uburyo bwo kongera umusaruro.
Nyuma yo kugabanuka gato kwa reberi hagati ya 1997 na 2001, guhera mu 2003, ibiciro bya reberi mpuzamahanga byakomeje kuzamuka. Nubwo yagabanutse kugera kuri XOF271 / kg muri 2009, igiciro cyubuguzi cyageze kuri XOF766 / kg muri 2011 hanyuma kigabanuka kuri XOF444.9 / kg muri 2013. Kilogramu. Muri iki gikorwa, igiciro cyubuguzi cyashyizweho na APROMAC cyakomeje umubano uhuza nigiciro mpuzamahanga cya rubber, bigatuma abahinzi ba rubber bunguka neza.
Indi mpamvu ni uko kubera ko inganda za rubber muri Côte d'Ivoire zegeranye cyane n’ahantu hakorerwa umusaruro, ubusanzwe zigura abahinzi bato, birinda guhuza intera. Abahinzi ba reberi bose barashobora kubona igiciro kimwe na APROMAC, cyane cyane nyuma ya 2009. Mu rwego rwo kongera ubushobozi bw’umusaruro w’inganda za reberi ndetse no gukenera guhatanira inganda zo mu karere ku bikoresho fatizo, amasosiyete amwe n'amwe ya reberi agura ku giciro cya XOF 10-30 / kg hejuru ya reberi ya APROMAC kugirango yizere umusaruro, no kwagura no gushinga inganda zishami mubice bya kure kandi bidateye imbere. Sitasiyo yo gukusanya kole nayo ikwirakwizwa cyane mubice bitandukanye bitanga reberi.
Rubber ya Côte d'Ivoire ahanini yoherezwa hanze, kandi munsi ya 10% yumusaruro wayo ukoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa byo murugo. Ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu myaka itanu ishize byerekana ubwiyongere bw’umusaruro n’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro mpuzamahanga. Mu 2003, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byari miliyoni 113 z'amadolari y'Abanyamerika gusa, kandi byazamutse bigera kuri miliyari 1,1 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2011. Muri icyo gihe, byari hafi miliyoni 960 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2012. Rubber yabaye igihugu cya kabiri mu bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihugu, kikaba icya kabiri nyuma kakao yohereza hanze. Mbere ya cashew nuts, ipamba n'ikawa, aho ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byari Uburayi, bingana na 48%; ibihugu by’abaguzi by’ingenzi ni Ubudage, Espagne, Ubufaransa n'Ubutaliyani, kandi ibicuruzwa byinshi byatumizaga ibicuruzwa bya Côte d'Ivoire muri Afurika ni Afurika y'Epfo. Ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga miliyoni 180 z'amadolari ya Amerika muri 2012, bikurikirwa na Maleziya na Amerika ku rutonde rw'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, byombi ni miliyoni 140 z'amadolari y'Amerika. Nubwo Ubushinwa butari bunini mu mubare, bwagize 6% gusa bya Côte d'Ivoire byoherezwa mu mahanga mu mwaka wa 2012, ariko igihugu cyihuta cyane, Ubwiyongere bwikubye 18 mu myaka itatu ishize bwerekana ko Ubushinwa bukeneye reberi nyafurika mu myaka yashize.
Mu myaka yashize, nubwo ibigo bishya byabigizemo uruhare, umugabane munini wa rubber ya Côte d'Ivoire yamye ufitwe namasosiyete atatu: SAPH, SOGB, na TRCI. SAPH ni ishami ryubucuruzi bwa reberi ya SIFCA Itsinda rya Côte d'Ivoire. Ntabwo ifite imirima ya reberi gusa, ahubwo inagura reberi kubuhinzi bato. Yatanze toni 120.000 za reberi muri 2012-2013, zingana na 44% by'umugabane wa Côte d'Ivoire. Babiri basigaye, SOGB, iyobowe n'Ububiligi na TRCI, iyobowe na Singapore GMG, buri kimwe kigera kuri 20% by'imigabane, naho andi masosiyete amwe n'amwe mato mato angana na 15% asigaye.
Izi sosiyete eshatu nazo zifite inganda zitunganya reberi. SAPH n’isosiyete nini itunganya reberi, ikaba igera kuri 12% y’ubushobozi bw’umusaruro mu 2012, bikaba biteganijwe ko izagera kuri toni 124.000 z’umusaruro mu 2014, aho SOGB na TRCI bangana na 17.6% na 5.9%. Mubyongeyeho, hari ibigo bimwe bigenda byiyongera bifite ingano yo gutunganya kuva kuri toni 21.000 kugeza kuri toni 41.000. Ikinini ni uruganda rwa CHC rukora SIAT mu Bubiligi, rugera kuri 9.4%, n’inganda 6 za rubber muri Côte d'Ivoire (SAPH, SOGB, CHC, EXAT, SCC na CCP) ubushobozi bwo gutunganya bwageze kuri toni 380.000 muri 2013 kandi ni biteganijwe ko izagera kuri toni 440.000 mu mpera za 2014.
Gukora no gukora amapine nibicuruzwa bya reberi muri Côte d'Ivoire ntabwo byateye imbere cyane mumyaka yashize. Dukurikije amakuru yemewe, hari amasosiyete atatu gusa ya reberi, ari yo SITEL, CCP na ZENITH, afite buri mwaka akenera toni 760 za rubber kandi akoresha munsi ya 1% y’ibicuruzwa bya Côte d'Ivoire. Hari amakuru avuga ko ibicuruzwa bya reberi birushanwe bituruka mu Bushinwa. Gira ingaruka ku iterambere ryibicuruzwa byanyuma mu gihugu.
Ugereranije n’ibindi bihugu bya Afurika, Côte d'Ivoire ifite ibyiza mu nganda za rubber, ariko kandi ihura n’ibibazo byinshi. Ikintu kinini ni ugukomeza kugabanuka kw'ibiciro bya rubber mu myaka yashize. Kugabanuka kurenga 40% mu myaka ibiri ishize byanagize ingaruka ku mbaraga z’igihugu ku bahinzi ba rubber. Igiciro cyubuguzi cyagabanije icyizere cyabahinzi ba rubber. Mu myaka yashize, igiciro kinini cya reberi cyatumye ubwinshi bwibicuruzwa burenga kubisabwa. Igiciro cya reberi cyamanutse kiva kuri XOF766 / KG ku gipimo cyacyo kigera kuri 265 muri Werurwe 2014 (XOF 281 / muri Gashyantare 2015). KG) Ibi byatumye abahinzi bato ba rubber muri Coryte d'Ivoire batakaza inyungu mu iterambere.
Icya kabiri, impinduka muri politiki y’imisoro ya Côte d'Ivoire nazo zigira ingaruka ku nganda. Kubura imisoro byatumye igihugu gishyiraho umusoro w’ubucuruzi wa reberi 5% mu mwaka wa 2012, ushingiye ku musoro ku nyungu w’ibigo wari usanzweho 25% na XOF7500 kuri hegitari yakwa ku mirima itandukanye. Imisoro yakwa hashingiwe. Byongeye kandi, ibigo biracyishyura umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) mugihe cyohereza hanze. Nubwo abakora reberi yo muri Cote d'Ivoire bashobora gusezeranya gusubizwa igice ku musoro watanzwe, kubera ingorane z’ubuyobozi bukuru bwa guverinoma, uku gusubizwa gushobora gutwara amadorari menshi. umwaka. Imisoro ihanitse hamwe n’ibiciro mpuzamahanga bya rubber byatumye bigora ibigo bya reberi kubona inyungu. Mu mwaka wa 2014, guverinoma yasabye ko havugururwa imisoro, ikuraho umusoro w’ubucuruzi wa reberi 5%, ishishikariza amasosiyete ya reberi gukomeza kugura reberi ku bahinzi bato, kurengera amafaranga y’abahinzi bato, no gushishikariza reberi Gukomeza iterambere.
Ibiciro bya rubber mpuzamahanga biratinda, kandi umusaruro wa Côte d'Ivoire ntuzagabanuka mugihe gito. Biragaragara ko umusaruro uziyongera cyane mugihe giciriritse kandi kirekire. Ukurikije igihe cyo gusarura imyaka 6 yo guhinga hamwe nigihe cyo gusarura imyaka 7-8 yo guhinga reberi ntoya, umusaruro wibiti bya rubber byatewe mbere yikiguzi cyibiciro bya reberi muri 2011 biziyongera buhoro buhoro mumyaka iri imbere. , kandi umusaruro muri 2014 wageze kuri Toni 311.000, urenze ibyateganijwe kuri toni 296.000. Muri 2015, biteganijwe ko umusaruro uzagera kuri toni 350.000, nk'uko byemezwa na APROMAC mu gihugu. Muri 2020, umusaruro wa rubber usanzwe mu gihugu uzagera kuri toni 600.000.
Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi mu bucuruzi bw’Ubushinwa na Afurika cyasesenguye ko nk’umusemburo munini wa reberi muri Afurika, reberi karemano ya Côte d'Ivoire yateye imbere byihuse mu myaka 10 ishize, kandi ubu igihugu kimaze kuba kinini mu bicuruzwa bya rubber n’ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa muri Afurika. Kugeza ubu, reberi ya Côte d'Ivoire ahanini yoherezwa mu mahanga, kandi inganda zayo zo gukora no gukora amapine n'ibicuruzwa bya reberi ntabwo byateye imbere cyane mu myaka yashize, kandi munsi y'ibice 10% by'ibicuruzwa byayo bikoreshwa mu gutunganya reberi yo mu gihugu no kuyibyaza umusaruro. Hari amakuru avuga ko ibicuruzwa byinshi bya rubber biva mu Bushinwa byagize ingaruka ku iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa byanyuma muri iki gihugu. Muri icyo gihe, Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu gifite iterambere ryihuse mu kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga biva muri Côte d'Ivoire, byerekana ko Ubushinwa bukeneye cyane reberi nyafurika mu myaka yashize.
Ubuyobozi bwa Côte d'Ivoire Rubber
Côte d'Ivoire Rubber Mold Urugereko rwubucuruzi
