ICôte d'Ivoire ngoyena mvelisi weRabha omkhulu eAfrika, kwaye ikhupha iitoni ezingama-230,000 zerabha ngonyaka. Ngo-2015, ixabiso lemarike yerabha yamazwe ngamazwe yehla kwi-225 francs / kg ye-Afrika eseNtshona, eyayinefuthe elikhulu kumzi-mveliso werabha weli lizwe, kwiinkampani ezinxulumene nokusebenza kunye namafama. ICôte d'Ivoire ikwindawo yesihlanu ngobukhulu ukuvelisa ioyile yesundu emhlabeni, kwaye ikhupha i-1.6 yezigidi zeetoni zeoyile yesundu ngonyaka. Umzi mveliso wesundu uqeshe abantu abazizigidi ezi-2, ubala malunga ne-10% yabemi beli.
Ukuphendula kwingxaki yemizi-mveliso yerabha, uMongameli u-Ouattara waseCôte d'Ivoire uxelele kwintetho yakhe yonyaka oMtsha ka-2016 ukuba ngowama-2016, urhulumente waseCôte d'Ivoire uzakuqhubela phambili ukukhuthaza uhlengahlengiso kumashishini erabha nakwisundu, ngokwandisa umyinge Ingeniso kwimveliso kunye nokwandisa kakhulu umvuzo wamafama, Qinisekisa isiqinisekiso seengcali ezifanelekileyo.
Irabha yendalo yaseCôte d'Ivoire ikhule ngokukhawuleza kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, kwaye eli lizwe ngoku lingoyena mvelisi nomthumeli weempahla omkhulu eAfrika.
Imbali yerabha yendalo yaseAfrika yayijolise ikakhulu eNtshona Afrika, eNigeria, eCôte d'Ivoire, naseLiberia, njengamazwe aqhelekileyo avelisa irabha e-Afrika, awayeqhele ukubala ngaphezulu kwama-80% ewonke e-Afrika. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lika-2007-2008, imveliso ye-Afrika yehla yaya kufikelela kwi-500,000 yeetoni, yaze yenyuka ngokuthe chu, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-575,000 yeetoni ngo-2011/2012. Kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo, imveliso yeCôte d'Ivoire inyuke isuka kwi-135,000 yeetoni ngo-2001/2002 yaya kwiitoni ezingama-290,000 ngowama-2012/2013, kwaye umyinge wemveliso unyukile ukusuka kuma-31.2% ukuya kuma-44.5% kwiminyaka elishumi. Ngokuchasene neNigeria, isabelo semveliso yaseLiberia sehle nge-42% ngeli xesha linye.
Irabha yendalo yaseCôte d'Ivoire ivela ikakhulu kumafama amancinci. Umlimi werabha oqhelekileyo une-gum engama-2 000 phezulu naphantsi, ebala i-80% yayo yonke imithi yerabha. Eminye ngamasimi amakhulu. Ngenkxaso engagungqiyo evela kurhulumente waseCôte d'Ivoire wokutyala irabha kule minyaka idlulileyo, indawo yerabha yeli lizwe inyuke ngokuthe chu ukuya kwiihektare ezingama-420,000, nalapho iihektare ezili-180,000 ziye zavunwa; Ixabiso lerabha kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo, imveliso ezinzileyo yemithi yerabha kunye nengeniso ezinzileyo abayizisileyo, kunye notyalo mali oluncinci kwixesha elizayo, ukuze amafama amaninzi athathe inxaxheba kolu shishino.
Iziphumo zonyaka zamahlathi erabha amafama amancinci eCôte d'Ivoire ngokubanzi anokufikelela kwiitoni eziyi-1.8 ngehektare, ephezulu kakhulu kunezinye iimveliso zezolimo ezifana necocoa, eyi-660 kg / ha kuphela. Iziphumo zokutyala zinokufikelela kwiitoni eziyi-2.2 ngehektare nganye. Okubaluleke ngakumbi kukuba, irabha Emva kokuba ihlathi liqala ukusikwa, kufuneka kuphela inani elincinci lotyalo-mali kwizichumisi zemichiza kunye nezitshabalalisi. Nangona imithi yeentsini eCôte d'Ivoire ikwachaphazeleka ngumngundo kunye nokubola kweengcambu, kukho kuphela umda olinganiselweyo we-3% ukuya kwi-5%. Ngaphandle kwexesha elimiselweyo ngo-Matshi nango-Epreli, kumafama erabha, umvuzo wonyaka uzinzile. Ukongeza, i-arhente yolawulo yase-Ivorian i-APROMAC ikwasebenzisa nemali ethile yokuphuhlisa irabha, ngokwe-50% yexabiso, malunga ne-150-225 XOF / izithole zerabha ezinikezelwe kumafama amancinci kwiminyaka eyi-1-2, emva kokuba kunqunyulwe imithi yerabha. ibuyiselwe eXOF 10-15 / kg. Kwi-APROMAC, kukhuthazwe kakhulu amafama endawo ukuba angene kolu shishino.
Esinye sezizathu zophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwerabha laseCôte d'Ivoire linxulumene nolawulo lukarhulumente. Ekuqaleni kwenyanga nganye, iarhente yelizwe yerabha i-APROMAC iseta iipesenti ezingama-61 zexabiso le-CIF yerabha yoThengiso lweeMpahla zaseSingapore. Kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo, olu hlobo lommiselo lubonakalise inkuthazo enkulu kumafama erabha asekuhlaleni ukufumana iindlela zokonyusa imveliso.
Emva kokwehla okufutshane kwerabha phakathi kowe-1997 nowama-2001, ukuqala ngowama-2003, amaxabiso erabha ehlabathi aqhubeka enyuka. Nangona zehle malunga ne-XOF271 / kg ngo-2009, ixabiso lokuthenga lafikelela kwi-XOF766 / kg ngo-2011 laza lehla laya kwi-XOF444.9 / kg ngo-2013. Ngexesha lale nkqubo, intengo yokuthenga ebekwe yi-APROMAC ihlala igcina ubudlelwane obuhambelanayo kunye nexabiso lerabha lamanye amazwe, isenza ukuba amafama erabha azuze inzuzo.
Esinye isizathu kukuba ekubeni iifektri zerabha eCôte d'Ivoire ngokusisiseko zikufutshane nendawo zemveliso, zihlala zithenga ngokuthe ngqo kumafama amancinci, kuthintela amakhonkco aphakathi. onke amafama erabha anokufumana ixabiso elifanayo neAPROMAC, ngakumbi emva ko-2009. Ukuphendula kukwanda kwemveliso yeefektri zerabha kunye nemfuno yokhuphiswano phakathi kweefektri zengingqi ngezinto ezingafunekiyo, ezinye iinkampani zerabha zithenga ngexabiso leXOF 10-30. / kg ephezulu kune-APROMAC yerabha yokuqinisekisa imveliso, kunye nokwandisa kunye nokuseka iifektri zesebe kwiindawo ezikude nezingaphucukanga. Izitishi zokuqokelela iglu nazo zisasazwa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa irabha.
Irabha yaseCôte d'Ivoire ngokusisiseko iyathunyelwa ngaphandle, kwaye ngaphantsi kwe-10% yemveliso yayo isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iimveliso zerabha zasekhaya. Ukonyuka kokuthunyelwa kwerabha kumazwe angaphandle kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo kubonisa ukwanda kwemveliso notshintsho kumaxabiso erabha aphesheya. Ngo-2003, ixabiso elathunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle laliyizigidi ezili-113 kuphela zeedola zaseMelika, laza lanyuka laya kwi-1.1 yezigidigidi zeedola e-US ngo-2011. Ngeli xesha, lalimalunga ne-960 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2012. ukuthumela icocoa kumazwe angaphandle. Phambi kwamandongomane e-cashew, umqhaphu kunye nekofu, eyona ndawo iphambili yokuthumela ngaphandle yayiyi-Europe, ibala i-48%; awona mazwe aphambili kubathengi yayiyiJamani, iSpain, iFrance kunye ne-Itali, kwaye elona lizwe langenisa irabha enkulu eCôte d'Ivoire e-Afrika yayinguMzantsi Afrika. Ukungenisa elizweni i-180 yezigidi zeedola zase-US ngo-2012, kulandele iMalaysia kunye ne-United States kuluhlu lokuthumela ngaphandle, zombini zimalunga nezigidi ezili-140 zeedola zaseMelika. Nangona i-China ingekho kwinani elikhulu, i-6% kuphela yokuthunyelwa kwerabha eCôte d'Ivoire ngo-2012, kodwa ilizwe elikhula ngokukhawuleza, Ukwanda okungama-18 kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo kubonisa imfuno yase-China yerabha yase-Afrika kule minyaka idlulileyo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kweenkampani ezintsha, esona sabelo siphambili serabha yaseCôte d'Ivoire besisoloko sihlala ziinkampani ezintathu: i-SAPH, i-SOGB, ne-TRCI. I-SAPH yinkxaso-mali yeshishini leerabha leqela le-SIFCA laseCôte d'Ivoire. Ayinamasimi erabha kuphela, kodwa ikwathenga irabha kumafama amancinci. Ivelise iitoni ezingama-120,000 zerabha ngo-2012-2013, ebala i-44% yesabelo serabha esipheleleyo saseCôte d'Ivoire. Ezimbini ezishiyekileyo, i-SOGB, elawulwa yi-Belgium ne-TRCI, elawulwa yi-Singapore GMG, iakhawunti nganye malunga ne-20% yesabelo, kunye nezinye iinkampani kunye namashishini amancinci enza i-15% eseleyo.
Ezi nkampani zintathu zineendawo zokulungisa irabha. I-SAPH yeyona nkampani inkulu yokulungisa irabha, ebala malunga ne-12% yamandla emveliso ngo-2012, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwiitoni ezili-124,000 zemveliso ngo-2014, kunye ne-SOGB ne-TRCI ebala i-17.6% ne-5.9% ngokwahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, kukho ezinye iinkampani ezivelayo ezinomthamo wokuqhubekeka ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-21,000 ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-41,000. Eyona mveliso inkulu yi-CHC yerabha ye-SIAT eBelgium, ebalwa malunga ne-9.4%, kunye neefektri ezi-6 zerabha eCôte d'Ivoire (i-SAPH, i-SOGB, i-CHC, i-EXAT, i-SCC kunye neCCP) iyonke amandla okuqhubela phambili afikelela kwi-380,000 yeetoni ngo-2013 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ifike kwiitoni ezingama-440,000 ekupheleni kuka-2014.
Imveliso kunye nokwenziwa kwamatayara kunye neemveliso zerabha eCôte d'Ivoire akukhange kuphuhle kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ngokwedatha esemthethweni, zintathu kuphela iinkampani zerabha, ezizezi, i-SITEL, i-CCP kunye ne-ZENITH, ezinemfuno edibeneyo yonyaka yeetoni ezingama-760 zerabha kwaye zisebenzisa ngaphantsi kwe-1% yemveliso yaseCôte d'Ivoire. Kukho iingxelo zokuba iimveliso zerabha ezinokhuphiswano ngakumbi zivela eChina. Ukuchaphazela ukukhula kwemveliso zerabha kweli lizwe.
Xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe ase-Afrika, iCôte d'Ivoire inezibonelelo kwishishini leerabha, kodwa ikwajongane nemiceli mngeni emininzi. Eyona inkulu kukudodobala okuqhubekayo kumaxabiso erabha aphesheya kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ukwehla okungaphezulu kwama-40% kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo kuchaphazele neenzame zelizwe zokufuya amafama erabha. Ixabiso lokuthenga lanciphisa ukuzithemba kwamafama erabha. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amaxabiso aphezulu erabha abangele ubungakanani bonikezelo ukuba bugqithe kwimfuno. Ixabiso lerabha lehle ukusuka kwi-XOF766 / KG kwinqanaba layo ukuya kuma-265 ngo-Matshi 2014 (i-XOF 281 / ngoFebruwari 2015). KG) Oku kubangele ukuba amafama amancinci erabha e-Ivory Coast aphulukane nomdla kuphuhliso oluthe kratya.
Okwesibini, utshintsho kumgaqo-nkqubo werhafu waseCôte d'Ivoire luchaphazela nomzi mveliso. Ukunqongophala kwerhafu kubangele ilizwe lazisa i-5% yerhafu yeshishini ngerabha ngo-2012, esekwe kwi-25% yerhafu yengeniso yomdibaniselwano kunye ne-XOF7500 ngehektare nganye ehlawuliswa kumasimi ahlukeneyo. Iirhafu ezirhafiswa ngokwesiseko. Ukongeza, iinkampani zisahlawula irhafu-ntengo (VAT) xa ithumela irabha kumazwe angaphandle. Nangona abavelisi berabha base-Ivoriya banokuthembisa ukufumana imbuyiselo yenxalenye kwirhafu ehlawuliweyo, ngenxa yobunzima boburhulumente obukhulu, le mali inokubiza iidola ezininzi. unyaka. Iirhafu eziphezulu kunye namaxabiso erabha asezantsi enze ukuba kube nzima kwiinkampani zerabha ukwenza inzuzo. Ngo-2014, urhulumente waphakamisa uhlengahlengiso lwerhafu, ephelisa i-5% yerhafu yeshishini, ekhuthaza iinkampani zerabha ukuba zigcine zithenga irabha ngokuthe ngqo kumafama amancinci, zikhusele ingeniso yamafama amancinci, kwaye zikhuthaze uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lweRabha.
Amaxabiso erabha aphesheya avilapha, kwaye imveliso yeCôte d'Ivoire ayizukuhla kwithuba elifutshane. Kucacile ukuba imveliso iya kukhula ngakumbi kwixesha eliphakathi nelide. Ngokwethuba leminyaka emithandathu yokuvuna kulinywa kunye nexesha lokuvuna le-7-8 leminyaka yefama yerabha encinci, imveliso yemithi yerabha etyalwe ngaphambi kwencopho yexabiso lerabha ngo-2011 iyakonyuka kancinci kule minyaka izayo. , kwaye iziphumo ngo-2014 zafikelela kwiitoni ezingama-311,000, ngaphaya kokulindelweyo kweetoni ezingama-296,000. Kwi-2015, imveliso kulindeleke ukuba ifike kwiitoni ezingama-350,000, ngokwesimo sezulu se-APROMAC. Ngo-2020, imveliso yerabha yendalo iya kufikelela kwiitoni ezingama-600,000.
Iziko lase China-Africa loPhando loRhwebo lihlalutye ukuba njengowona mvelisi mkhulu weerabha e-Afrika, irabha yendalo yaseCôte d'Ivoire ikhule ngokukhawuleza kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, kwaye ilizwe ngoku liye laba lelona lizwe livelisa irabha yendalo nelithumela ngaphandle e-Afrika. Okwangoku, irabha yaseCôte d'Ivoire ngokusisiseko iyathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kwaye ushishino lwayo lokuvelisa nokwenza amavili kunye neemveliso zerabha alukaphuhlisi kangako kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwaye ngaphantsi kwe-10% yemveliso yalo isetyenziselwa ukuqhubekeka nokwenza imveliso yerabha yasekhaya. Kukho iingxelo zokuba iimveliso zerabha ezikhuphisanayo ezivela e-China zichaphazele ukukhula kweemveliso zerabha kweli lizwe. Kwangelo xesha, i-China lilizwe elinokukhula okukhawulezayo kwimveliso yerabha esuka eCôte d'Ivoire, ibonisa imfuno enkulu yase China yerabha yase-Afrika kule minyaka idlulileyo.
Isikhokelo soMbutho weRubber waseCôte d'Ivoire
Côte d'Ivoire Irabha yoMngundo weQonga loRhwebo
