ICôte d'Ivoire ingumkhiqizi wenjoloba omkhulu kunayo yonke e-Afrika, ekhishwa minyaka yonke amathani angama-230,000 erabha. Ngo-2015, intengo yemakethe yomhlaba yenjoloba yehle yaya kuma-franc / kg angama-225 aseNtshonalanga Afrika, okwaba nomthelela omkhulu embonini yenjoloba yezwe, ezinkampanini zokulungisa ezihlobene nabalimi. ICôte d'Ivoire futhi ingumkhiqizi wesihlanu kawoyela wesundu emhlabeni, ngokukhishwa minyaka yonke kwamathani ayizigidi ezi-1,6 kawoyela wesundu. Imboni yesundu iqashe abantu abayizigidi ezi-2, okubalwa cishe u-10% wabantu bezwe.
Ephendula inkinga yezimboni zenjoloba, uMongameli u-Ouattara waseCôte d'Ivoire wathi enkulumweni yakhe Yonyaka Omusha ka-2016 ukuthi ngonyaka wezi-2016, uhulumeni waseCôte d'Ivoire uzoqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwezimboni zenjoloba nezesundu, ngokwandisa isilinganiso imali engenayo ekuphumeni nasekunyuseni imali engenayo yabalimi, Guarantee izinzuzo zabasebenzi abafanele.
Injoloba yemvelo yaseCôte d'Ivoire ithuthuke ngokushesha kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule, futhi izwe manje selingumkhiqizi nomthumeli omkhulu kunabo bonke e-Afrika.
Umlando wenjoloba yemvelo yase-Afrika ubugxile kakhulu eNtshonalanga Afrika, eNigeria, eCôte d'Ivoire, naseLiberia, njengamazwe ajwayelekile akhiqiza injoloba yase-Afrika, abekade ebala ngaphezu kuka-80% wengqikithi yase-Afrika. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nesikhathi sika-2007-2008, ukukhiqizwa kwe-Afrika kwehle kwafinyelela kumathani ayi-500,000, kwabe sekukhula kancane, kwaba ngamathani angama-575,000 ngonyaka ka-2011/2012. Eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule, ukukhishwa kweCôte d'Ivoire kukhuphuke kusuka kumathani ayi-135,000 ngo-2001/2002 kuya kumathani ayi-290,000 ngo-2012/2013, kanti ingxenye yomkhiqizo ikhuphukile isuka ku-31.2% yaya ku-44.5% eminyakeni eyi-10. Ngokuphikisana neNigeria, isabelo sokukhiqiza saseLiberia sehle ngo-42% ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Injoloba yemvelo yaseCôte d'Ivoire ivela ikakhulu kubalimi abancane. Umlimi ovamile wenjoloba ngokuvamile unezinhlavu ezingama-2 000 phezulu naphansi, okubalelwa ku-80% yazo zonke izihlahla zenjoloba. Okunye amasimu amakhulu. Ngokusekelwa okunganqamuki okuvela kuhulumeni waseCôte d'Ivoire wokutshala irabha eminyakeni edlule, indawo enjoloba yezwe ikhuphuke ngokuqinile yaya kumahektha angama-420,000, okukhona kuwo amahektha ayi-180,000; intengo yenjoloba kule minyaka eyi-10 eyedlule, ukukhishwa okuzinzile kwezihlahla zenjoloba kanye nemali engenayo ezinzile abayilethile, Futhi nokutshalwa kwemali okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa, ukuze abalimi abaningi babambe iqhaza kulo mkhakha.
Umphumela waminyaka yonke wamahlathi enjoloba wabalimi abancane eCôte d'Ivoire ngokuvamile ungafinyelela kumathani ayi-1.8 / ha, ophakeme kakhulu kuneminye imikhiqizo yezolimo efana necocoa, eyi-660 kg / ha kuphela. Ukukhishwa kwamasimu kungafinyelela kumathani ayi-2.2 / ha. Okubaluleke kakhulu, irabha Emva kokuba ihlathi liqale ukunqunywa, kudingeka inani elincane kuphela lokutshalwa kwemali kumanyolo wamakhemikhali kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane. Yize izihlahla zezinsini eCôte d'Ivoire nazo zithinteka yi-powdery isikhutha kanye nokubola kwezimpande, kunesilinganiso esilinganiselwe se-3% kuya ku-5%. Ngaphandle kwenkathi enqabayo ngoMashi nango-Ephreli, kubalimi benjoloba, imali engenayo yonyaka izinzile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ejensi yokuphatha i-Ivorian i-APROMAC nayo ngokusebenzisa ezinye izimali zokuthuthukisa injoloba, ngokusho kuka-50% wentengo, cishe izithombo ezingama-150-225 XOF / zenjoloba ezinikezwe abalimi abancane iminyaka eyi-1-2, ngemuva kokuba izihlahla zenjoloba zigundiwe, bazo ibuyiselwe eXOF 10-15 / kg. Ku-APROMAC, kukhuthazwe kakhulu abalimi bendawo ukuthi bangene kule mboni.
Esinye sezizathu zokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwerabha laseCôte d'Ivoire lihlobene nokuphathwa kukahulumeni. Ekuqaleni kwenyanga ngayinye, i-ejensi yenjoloba yezwe i-APROMAC ibeka u-61% wentengo ye-CIF yenjoloba yeSingapore Commodity Exchange. Eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule, lolu hlobo lwemithetho lukhombise ukukhuthaza okukhulu kubalimi benjoloba bendawo ukuthola izindlela zokwandisa umkhiqizo.
Ngemuva kokwehla okuncane kwerabha phakathi kuka-1997 no-2001, kusukela ngonyaka ka-2003, amanani entengo enjoloba aphesheya aqhubeka nokukhuphuka. Yize kwehle cishe ku-XOF271 / kg ngo-2009, intengo yokuthenga yafika ku-XOF766 / kg ngo-2011 futhi yehlela ku-XOF444.9 / kg ngo-2013. Amakhilogremu. Phakathi nale nqubo, intengo yokuthenga ebekwe yi-APROMAC ibilokhu igcina ubudlelwane obuvumelanisiwe nentengo yenjoloba yamazwe omhlaba, okwenza abalimi benjoloba bazuze.
Esinye isizathu ukuthi njengoba izimboni zenjoloba eCôte d'Ivoire ziseduze nezindawo zokukhiqiza, zivamise ukuthenga ngqo kubalimi abancane, ukugwema ukuxhumana okuphakathi. Bonke abalimi benjoloba ngokuvamile bangathola inani elilinganayo nele-APROMAC, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kuka-2009. Ngokuphendula ukukhuphuka komthamo wokukhiqiza wezimboni zenjoloba kanye nesidingo sokuncintisana phakathi kwamafemu wesifunda ngezinto zokusetshenziswa, ezinye izinkampani zenjoloba zithenga ngentengo ye-XOF 10-30 / kg ephakeme kunenjoloba ye-APROMAC yokuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa, nokwandisa nokusungula amafektri egatsha ezindaweni ezikude nezingathuthuki kahle. Iziteshi zokuqoqa iglue nazo zisatshalaliswa kabanzi ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezikhiqiza injoloba.
Injoloba yaseCôte d'Ivoire ngokuyisisekelo konke kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, futhi ngaphansi kuka-10% womkhiqizo wayo usetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yenjoloba yasekhaya. Ukwanda kwempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle enjoloba eminyakeni emihlanu edlule kukhombisa ukukhuphuka kokukhipha kanye nezinguquko kumanani enjoloba aphesheya. Ngo-2003, inani lokuthekelisa laliyizigidi eziyi-113 kuphela zamadola aseMelika, futhi lakhuphukela kumaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,1 ngo-2011. Ngalesi sikhathi, lalicishe libe yizigidi ezingama-960 zamadola aseMelika ngonyaka ka-2012. Irabha laba yimpahla yesibili enkulu kunazo zonke ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ilandela emva kuka ukuthekelisa ukhokho. Ngaphambi kwamantongomane e-cashew, ukotini nekhofi, indawo okuyiyona eyathunyelwa kakhulu emazweni angaphandle kwakuyi-Europe, ebalwa ngama-48%; amazwe amakhulu abathengi kwakuyiJalimane, iSpain, iFrance ne-Italy, futhi owangenisa kakhulu iraba laseCôte d'Ivoire e-Afrika kwakunguNingizimu Afrika. Ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwezigidi ezingama-180 zamadola aseMelika ngo-2012, kulandelwa iMalaysia kanye ne-United States abasezingeni lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, womabili angaba yizigidi ezingama-140 zamadola aseMelika. Yize iChina ingenkulu ngesibalo, ibinamaphesenti ama-6 kuphela athunyelwa emazweni angaphandle enjoloba eCôte d'Ivoire ngonyaka ka-2012, kodwa izwe elikhula ngesivinini esikhulu, Ukwanda okuphindwe kayishumi nesithupha eminyakeni emithathu eyedlule kukhombisa ukufuna kweChina injoloba yase-Afrika eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwezinkampani ezintsha, isabelo esikhulu senjoloba yaseCôte d'Ivoire besilokhu sihlala ezinkampanini ezintathu: i-SAPH, i-SOGB, ne-TRCI. I-SAPH yinkampani yebhizinisi lenjoloba yeSIFCA Group yaseCôte d'Ivoire. Ayinamasimu enjoloba kuphela, kodwa futhi ithenga injoloba kubalimi abancane. Ikhiqize amathani ayi-120,000 erabha ngo-2012-2013, ebala u-44% wesabelo senjoloba sonke saseCôte d'Ivoire. Amabili asele, i-SOGB, alawulwa yiBelgium ne-TRCI, elawulwa yiSingapore GMG, i-akhawunti ngayinye cishe engama-20% wesabelo, kanti ezinye izinkampani namabhizinisi amancane enza i-15% esele.
Lezi zinkampani ezintathu zinezindawo zokulungisa injoloba. I-SAPH iyinkampani enkulu yokulungisa injoloba, ebala cishe u-12% womthamo wokukhiqiza ngo-2012, kanti kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele kumathani ayi-124,000 womkhiqizo ngo-2014, i-SOGB ne-TRCI ibalwa ngo-17.6% no-5.9%, ngokulandelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinkampani ezithile ezisafufusa ezinomthamo wokucubungula osukela kumathani angama-21,000 kuya kumathani angama-41,000. Enkulu kunazo zonke ifektri yenjoloba ye-CHC ye-SIAT eBelgium, ebala cishe i-9.4%, namafektri enjoloba ayi-6 eCôte d'Ivoire (SAPH, SOGB, CHC, EXAT, SCC kanye neCCP) inani lokucutshungulwa komthamo lifinyelele kumathani angama-380,000 ngo-2013 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele kumathani angama-440,000 ekupheleni kuka-2014.
Ukukhiqizwa nokwenziwa kwamathayi nemikhiqizo yenjoloba eCôte d'Ivoire akukaze kuthuthuke kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Ngokwemininingwane esemthethweni, kunezinkampani zenjoloba ezintathu kuphela, okuyiSITEL, CCP neZENITH, ezinesidingo sonyaka esihlanganisiwe samathani enjoloba angama-760 futhi zidla ngaphansi kuka-1% womkhiqizo waseCôte d'Ivoire. Kunemibiko yokuthi imikhiqizo enjoloba yokuncintisana ivela eChina. Kuthinta ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yokuphela kwenjoloba ezweni.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe ase-Afrika, iCôte d'Ivoire inezinzuzo embonini yenjoloba, kodwa futhi ibhekene nezinselelo eziningi. Okukhulu kakhulu ukwehla okuqhubekayo kwamanani erabha aphesheya eminyakeni yamuva. Ukwehla kuka-40% eminyakeni emibili eyedlule kuphinde kwaphazamisa nemizamo yezwe yokufuya abalimi benjoloba. Intengo yokuthenga yehlisa ukuzethemba kwabalimi benjoloba. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, intengo ephezulu yenjoloba idale ukuthi inani lokuphakelwa lidlule okudingekayo. Intengo yenjoloba yehle isuka kuXOF766 / KG ekuphakameni kwayo yaya ku-265 ngoMashi 2014 (XOF 281 / ngoFebhuwari 2015). KG) Lokhu kudale ukuthi abalimi abancane benjoloba e-Ivory Coast balahlekelwe yintshisekelo yokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo.
Okwesibili, izinguquko zenqubomgomo yentela yaseCôte d'Ivoire nazo zithinta imboni. Ukushoda kwentela kudale ukuthi izwe lethule u-5% wentela yebhizinisi lenjoloba ngonyaka we-2012, osuselwa enteleni ekhona ekhona engu-25% yentela yenkampani kanye ne-XOF7500 ngehektha ngalinye elikhokhiswa emasimini ahlukahlukene. Izintela ezikhokhiswa ngesisekelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani zisakhokha intela eyengeza inani (i-VAT) lapho ithumela iraba kwamanye amazwe. Yize abakhiqizi benjoloba base-Ivorian benga thembisa ukuthola imbuyiselo engatheni ngentela ekhokhelwe, ngenxa yobunzima be-bureaucracy enkulu kahulumeni, le mbuyiselo ingabiza amadola amaningana. unyaka. Izintela eziphakeme kanye namanani entengo aphansi enjoloba akwenze kwaba nzima ezinkampanini zenjoloba ukwenza inzuzo. Ngo-2014, uhulumeni waphakamisa izinguquko zentela, waqeda u-5% wentela yebhizinisi lenjoloba, wakhuthaza izinkampani zenjoloba ukuthi ziqhubeke zithenga iraba ngqo kubalimi abancane, zivikele imali yabalimi abancane, futhi zikhuthaze intuthuko eqhubekayo yenjoloba.
Izintengo zenjoloba zomhlaba wonke ziyavilapha, futhi ukukhishwa kweCôte d'Ivoire ngeke kwehle esikhathini esifushane. Kusobala ukuthi umkhiqizo uzokhula ngokuqhubekayo esikhathini esimaphakathi neside. Ngokwesikhathi sokuvuna seminyaka eyisithupha kanye nesikhathi sokuvuna seminyaka engu-7-8 yensimu yabalimi abancane yokulima iraba, ukukhishwa kwezihlahla zenjoloba ezitshalwe ngaphambi kwenani lentengo yenjoloba ngo-2011 kuzokhula kancane kancane eminyakeni ezayo , futhi okukhishwayo ngo-2014 kwafinyelela ku-311,000 Amathani, okwedlula okulindelwe ngamathani angama-296,000. Ku-2015, umkhiqizo kulindeleke ukuthi ufinyelele kumathani ayi-350,000, ngokusho kwesibikezelo se-APROMAC. Ngo-2020, umkhiqizo wezwe wenjoloba wemvelo uzofinyelela kumathani ayi-600,000.
I-China-Africa Trade Research Centre ihlaziye ukuthi njengomkhiqizi wenjoloba omkhulu kunayo yonke e-Afrika, iraba yemvelo yaseCôte d'Ivoire ithuthuke ngokushesha kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule, futhi izwe manje selibe ngumkhiqizi nomthengisi omkhulu wenjoloba omkhulu kunabo bonke e-Afrika. Njengamanje, injoloba yaseCôte d'Ivoire ngokuyisisekelo konke kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, futhi imboni yayo yokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza amathayi nemikhiqizo yenjoloba ayikaze ithuthuke kakhulu kule minyaka edlule, futhi ngaphansi kuka-10% womkhiqizo wayo usetshenziselwa ukucubungula nokukhiqiza injoloba yasekhaya. Kunemibiko yokuthi imikhiqizo enjoloba yokuncintisana evela eChina ibe nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo yokuphela kwenjoloba ezweni. Ngasikhathi sinye, iChina iyizwe elikhula ngesivinini esikhulu emazweni angaphandle enjoloba asuka eCôte d'Ivoire, okukhombisa ukufuneka okukhulu kweChina ngenjoloba yase-Afrika eminyakeni edlule.
Uhla lwemibhalo ye-Côte d'Ivoire Rubber Association Directory
Côte d'Ivoire Rubber Isikhunta Chamber of Commerce Directory
