A makina nkhonya akamaumba ndi makina pulasitiki processing. Pulasitiki wamadzi atapopera kunja, mphepo imawombedwa ndi makinawo imagwiritsa ntchito kupangira thupi la pulasitiki mumtundu wina wa nkhungu kuti apange chinthu. Makina amtunduwu amatchedwa makina owumba nkhonya. Pulasitiki imasungunuka ndipo imatulutsidwa mopitilira muyeso ya screw, kenako imapangidwa kudzera pakamwa pakamwa, kenako imazizilitsidwa ndi mphete ya mphepo, kenako thalakitala imakokedwa mwachangu, kenako ndikuzizungulitsira.
Zina: Dzenje nkhonya makina akamaumba
Chingerezi dzina: blow molding
Lizani akamaumba, amatchedwanso dzenje akamaumba nkhonya, ndi mofulumira osauka njira pulasitiki processing. Thumba la pulasitiki lomwe limapezeka ndi extrusion kapena jekeseni wa utomoni wa thermoplastic limayikidwa mu nkhungu logawanika likakhala lotentha (kapena lotenthedwa kuti lifewetse). Nkhungu itatsekedwa, mpweya wothinikizidwa umalowetsedwa mu parison kuti uphulitse parison wa pulasitiki Umakulitsa ndikumamatira kukhoma lamkati lankhungu, ndipo utazizilitsa ndi kuwugwetsa, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopanda pake zimapezeka. Makina opanga filimu yowombedwa ndi ofanana kwambiri kuti awombere zinthu zopanda pake, koma sagwiritsa ntchito nkhungu. Kuchokera pakuwona gulu laukadaulo wapulasitiki, njira yakumbuyo ya kanema wowombedwa nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa mu extrusion. Ndondomeko yowumbayi idagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabotolo otsika kwambiri pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, ndi kubadwa kwa polyethylene yolemera kwambiri komanso makina opangira nkhonya, ukadaulo wakumbali unkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa chidebe chobowolacho kumatha kufikira malita masauzande, ndipo kupanga kwina kwakhala kukuwongolera makompyuta. Mapulasitiki oyenera kuwumba amaphatikizira polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyester, ndi zina zotero. Makontena abowo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotengera zamakampani.
Malinga ndi njira yopangira parisonyo, kuwumba kothandizirana kumatha kugawidwa pakapangidwe kabwino ka jekeseni ndi jekeseni. Chojambula chatsopano chophatikizira chatsopano komanso kutambasula komwe kumapangika.
Mphamvu yopulumutsa mphamvu
Kupulumutsa mphamvu kwa makina owombera kumatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: imodzi ndi gawo lamagetsi pomwe inayo ndi gawo lotenthetsera.
Kupulumutsa mphamvu mu gawo lamagetsi: Ambiri mwa ma inverters amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira yopulumutsa mphamvu ndikupulumutsa mphamvu yotsalira yamagalimoto. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yeniyeni yamagalimoto ndi 50Hz, ndipo mumangofunikira 30Hz pakupanga kuti ikhale yokwanira kupanga, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mopanda pake ndikopanda pake ngati kungowonongeka, woyeserera ndikusintha mphamvu ya mota kuti mukwaniritse mphamvu zopulumutsa.
Kupulumutsa magetsi mu gawo lotenthetsera: Zambiri zopulumutsa magetsi mu gawo lotenthetsera ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma hemu amagetsi, ndipo mphamvu yopulumutsa mphamvu ndi pafupifupi 30% -70% ya koyilo yakale yolimbana.
1. Poyerekeza ndi kukana kutentha, chotenthetsera pamagetsi chimakhala ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera, zomwe zimawonjezera magwiritsidwe ntchito amagetsi otentha.
2. Poyerekeza ndi kukana kutentha, chotenthetsera pamagetsi chimagwira mwachindunji pa chubu chakuthupi kuti chitenthe, ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa kutentha.
3. Poyerekeza ndi kukana kutentha, liwiro lamagetsi lamagetsi lamagetsi limapitilira gawo limodzi lachinayi mwachangu, zomwe zimachepetsa nthawi yotenthetsera.
4. Poyerekeza ndi kukana kutentha, liwiro lotenthetsera magetsi amagetsi ndilothamanga, ndipo magwiridwe antchito amapangidwa bwino. Galimotoyo ili yodzaza, yomwe imachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu chifukwa cha mphamvu yayikulu komanso kufunika kochepa.
Mfundo zinayi zapamwambazi ndi zifukwa zomwe Feiru yamagetsi yamagetsi imatha kupulumutsa mphamvu mpaka 30% -70% pamakina opangira nkhonya.
Gulu la makina
Nsombazi makina akamaumba akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: extrusion makina nkhonya akamaumba, makina jekeseni nkhonya akamaumba ndi dongosolo wapadera makina nkhonya akamaumba. Tambasula makina owumbulira amatha kukhala m'gulu lililonse lamaguluwa. Makina opangira makina opangira makina ophatikizira amaphatikizira extruder, makina owumba ndi makina opangira nkhungu, omwe amapangidwa ndi extruder, parison die, inflation, makina opangira nkhungu, makina owongolera makulidwe amtundu ndi makina opatsira. Kufa kwa parison ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira zomwe zimatsimikizira mtundu wazinthu zopangidwa ndi nkhonya. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala chakudya cham'mbali komanso kufa kwapakati. Zogulitsa zazikulu zikaumbidwa, nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chimakhala chosungira mtundu wa billet. Thanki yosungirako ali buku osachepera 1kg ndi pazipita buku la 240kg. Chipangizo chowongolera makulidwe a parison chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera makulidwe amtundu wa parison. Zowongolera zitha kukhala mpaka mfundo za 128, makamaka 20-30. Makina opanga akamaumba a extrusion amatha kupanga zinthu zopanda pake ndi voliyumu kuyambira 2.5ml mpaka 104l.
Jekeseni makina nkhonya akamaumba ndi osakaniza makina jekeseni akamaumba ndi limagwirira nkhonya akamaumba, kuphatikizapo plasticizing limagwirira, dongosolo hayidiroliki, kulamulira zipangizo zamagetsi ndi mbali zina makina. Mitundu yodziwika ndimakina opangira makina atatu opangira makina opangira makina opangira makina opangira makina opangira makina atatu. Makina okwerera masitepe atatu ali ndi malo atatu: preison, inflation ndi kuwonongeka, siteshoni iliyonse imasiyanitsidwa ndi 120 °. Makina okwerera masitepe anayi ali ndi malo amodzi okonzedweratu, siteshoni iliyonse ndi 90 ° padera. Kuphatikiza apo, pali makina opangira jekeseni ophatikizika ndi 180 ° opatukana pakati pa malo. Chidebe cha pulasitiki chomwe chimapangidwa ndi makina opangira jekeseni chimakhala ndi miyeso yeniyeni ndipo safuna kukonza kwachiwiri, koma mtengo wa nkhungu ndiwokwera kwambiri.
Makina apadera opangira makina owumba ndimakina opangira nkhonya omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mapepala, zida zosungunuka ndi malo ozizira ngati ziphuphu zowombetsa matupi a nkhungu okhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera ndi ntchito. Chifukwa akalumikidzidwa osiyana ndi zofunika za mankhwala opangidwa, kapangidwe ka makina nkhonya akamaumba ndi osiyana.
Mawonekedwe ndi maubwino
1. Chopangira pakati pa shaft ndi silinda chimapangidwa ndi 38CrMoAlA chromium, molybdenum, alloy alloy kudzera mu mankhwala a nayitrogeni, omwe ali ndi maubwino akunenepa kwambiri, kukana dzimbiri komanso kuvala kukana.
2. Mutu wakufa ndi wokutidwa ndi chrome, ndipo mawonekedwe owongolera amapangitsa kumaliseche kukhala kosalala komanso kosalala, ndikumaliza bwino filimuyo. Kapangidwe kake kamakina owombera makanema kumapangitsa kuti gasi azitulutsa yunifolomu. Kukweza wagawo utenga lalikulu chimango dongosolo nsanja, ndi kutalika kwa chimango zochotsa akhoza basi kusintha malingana ndi zofuna zosiyanasiyana luso.
3. Chida chotsitsa chimatenga zida zosinthasintha ndi zida zoyenda pakati, ndikugwiritsa ntchito torque mota kuti ikwaniritse kuyendetsa bwino kwa kanema, komwe kumakhala kosavuta kugwira ntchito.
Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito / Mwachidule:
Pakapangidwe kakapangidwe ka kanema, kufanana kwa makulidwe amafilimu ndichizindikiro chachikulu. Kufanana kwa makulidwe a kotenga nthawi kumatha kuwongoleredwa ndi kukhazikika kwa liwiro la extrusion ndi samatha, pomwe kufanana kwa makulidwe oyenda a kanema nthawi zambiri kumadalira pakupanga bwino kwa akufa. , Ndi kusintha ndikusintha kwa magawo azinthu zopangira. Pofuna kukonza makulidwe amakanema mozungulira, njira yoyendetsera makulidwe oyenera iyenera kuyambitsidwa. Njira zofala zowongolera zimaphatikizira mutu wakufa (kutentha kwamphamvu kwamphamvu) ndi mphete zodziwikiratu. Apa makamaka timayambitsa mfundo za mphete ya mpweya ndikugwiritsa ntchito.
Chofunikira
Kapangidwe ka mphete yodziyimira payokha imagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zobwererera, momwe mpweya wamagetsi wotsika umasungidwa mosalekeza, ndipo mpweya wapamwamba wagawika m'magulu angapo amlengalenga. Njira iliyonse yamlengalenga imakhala ndi zipinda zam'mlengalenga, mavavu, ma mota, ndi zina zambiri. Galimotoyo imayendetsa valavu kuti isinthe kutseguka kwa ngalande yampweya Yendetsani voliyumu yamlengalenga iliyonse.
Pakulamulira, chizindikiritso cha makulidwe a kanema chomwe chimadziwika ndi kafukufuku wowerengera chimatumizidwa pakompyuta. Kompyutayi ikufanizira chizindikiro chakulimba ndi makulidwe apakati pano, imachita kuwerengera potengera kukula kwa makulidwe ndi kusintha kwa njira yokhotakhota, ndikuwongolera mota kuyendetsa valavu kuti isunthire. Ikakhala yopyapyala, mota imapita patsogolo ndipo tuyere imatseka; m'malo mwake, mota imasunthira kutsogolo, ndipo tuyere imakula. Posintha voliyumu ya mpweya pamalo aliwonse ozungulira mphete ya mphepo, sinthani liwiro la kuziziritsa kwa mfundo iliyonse kuti muchepetse makulidwe azithunzithunzi a kanema mkati mwa chandamale.
Dongosolo lolamulira
Mphete yodziyimira payokha ndiyomwe imagwiritsa ntchito intaneti nthawi yeniyeni. Zinthu zoyendetsedwa ndi dongosololi ndi ma motors angapo omwe amagawidwa pamphete ya mphepo. Kutulutsa mpweya kozizira kotumizidwa ndi fanani kumagawidwa panjira iliyonse yamlengalenga pambuyo povutikira nthawi zonse mchipinda chamlengalenga. Galimoto imayendetsa valavu kuti itsegule ndikutseka kuti isinthe kukula kwa tuyere ndi voliyumu yamlengalenga, ndikusintha kuzirala kwa kanema kopanda kanthu mukamwalira. Pofuna kuwongolera makulidwe amafilimu, malinga ndi momwe amawongolera, palibe ubale wowonekera pakati pakusintha kwamakanema ndi mtengo wamagalimoto. Makulidwe a kanemayo ndi mawonekedwe a valavu wamasinthidwe a valavu ndikuwongolera kwake ndizosagwirizana komanso sizachilendo. Nthawi iliyonse valavu ikasinthidwa Nthawi imakhudza kwambiri madera oyandikana nawo, ndipo kusintha kwake kumakhala ndi hysteresis, kotero kuti nthawi zosiyanasiyana zimagwirizana. Pazinthu zamtunduwu zopanda malire, zolimba, zosintha nthawi komanso kuwongolera njira zosatsimikizika, mtundu wake wamasamu ndizosatheka Kukhazikitsidwa, ngakhale mtundu wa masamu ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa, ndizovuta komanso zovuta kuthana nawo, kotero kuti ulibe phindu lenileni. Kuwongolera kwachikhalidwe kumatha kuyendetsa bwino mtundu wina wotsimikizika, koma kumawongolera moperewera, kusatsimikizika, komanso chidziwitso chovuta cha mayankho. Ngakhale wopanda mphamvu. Poona izi, tidasankha njira zosamveka bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, njira yosinthira chododometsa chazomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti igwirizane bwino ndikusintha kwa magawo.
