Kwishishini lenaliti yokubumba, kuhlala kukho abantu abatsha abangenayo kolu shishino ababonisana: Kutheni amaqondo obushushu wenaliti yokubumba enyusa isicwebezelo samalungu eplastiki avelisiweyo? Ngoku sisebenzisa ulwimi olulula ukucacisa le nto, kwaye sichaze indlela yokukhetha ubushushu besikhunta ngokufanelekileyo. Uhlobo lokubhala lilinganiselwe, ke nceda usicebise ukuba ayilunganga! (Esi sahluko sixoxa kuphela ngobushushu besikhunta, uxinzelelo kunye nezinye zingaphaya komda wengxoxo)
1. Impembelelo yobushushu besikhunta kwinkangeleko:
Okokuqala, ukuba iqondo lobushushu sokubumbela liphantsi kakhulu, kuya kunciphisa ukunyibilika ukunyibilika kunye undershoot kungenzeka; ubushushu sokubumba kuchaphazela crystallinity yeplastiki. I-ABS, ukuba ubushushu besikhunta buphantsi kakhulu, ukugqitywa kwemveliso kuya kubasezantsi. Xa kuthelekiswa nokuzaliswa, iiplastiki kulula ukufudukela kumphezulu xa amaqondo obushushu ephezulu. Ke ngoko, xa amaqondo obushushu enziwe ngenaliti ephezulu, icandelo leplastikhi lisondele kumphezulu wenaliti yenaliti, ukuzaliswa kuya kuba ngcono, kwaye ukukhanya kunye nokuqaqamba kuya kuba ngaphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, iqondo lobushushu lomngundo wenaliti akufuneki libe phezulu kakhulu. Ukuba iphezulu kakhulu, kulula ukunamathela ekubumbeni, kwaye kuya kubakho iindawo ezibonakalayo eziqaqambileyo kwezinye iindawo zeplastikhi. Ukuba iqondo lobushushu ngenaliti sokubumbela liphantsi kakhulu, oko kuya kubangela ukuba inxalenye yeplastiki ibambe ukungunda ngokuqinileyo, kwaye kulula ukukrwela inxenye yeplastikhi xa udilizwa, ngakumbi ipateni kumphezulu wenxalenye yeplastiki.
Inaliti-inaliti xa sisonke ukusombulula ingxaki indawo. Umzekelo, ukuba imveliso inemigca yegesi xa imveliso ingene, inokuhlulwa ibe ngamacandelo. Kwimveliso yokubumba inaliti, kwiimveliso ezicwebezelayo, kokukhona iqondo lobushushu lokungunda liphezulu, kokukhona oku kukhazimla kumphezulu womkhiqizo. Ngokuchasene noko, asezantsi amaqondo obushushu, asezantsi amacwecwe omhlaba. Kodwa kwiimveliso ezenziwe ngezinto ze-PP eziprintwe lilanga, kokukhona iqondo lobushushu liphezulu, ukuhla kwe-gloss yomphezulu wemveliso, i-gloss esezantsi, ukuphakama kokwahluka kombala, kunye ne-gloss kunye nokwahluka kombala kuyahambelana.
Ke ngoko, eyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo ebangelwa bubushushu bokungunda kukugqitywa komphezulu weendawo ezibunjiweyo, ezihlala zibangelwa bubushushu bomgangatho ophantsi kakhulu.
I-shrinkage yokubumba kunye ne-post-molding shrinkage yee-polymers ezi-crystalline ubukhulu becala zixhomekeke kubushushu besikhunta kunye nodonga lwenxalenye. Ukusasazwa kobushushu obungalinganiyo kwisikhunta kuya kubangela ukuncipha okungafaniyo, okwenza kube nzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinxalenye ziyahlangabezana nokunyamezelana okuchaziweyo. Kwimeko embi kakhulu, nokuba i-resin eqhutyiweyo ayinyanzeliswanga okanye i-resin eqinisiweyo, i-shrinkage idlula ixabiso elifanelekileyo.
2. Impembelelo kubungakanani bemveliso:
Ukuba ubushushu besikhunta buphezulu kakhulu, ukunyibilika kuya kubola. Emva kokuba imveliso iphumile, ireyithi yokuncipha emoyeni iya kunyuka, kwaye ubungakanani bemveliso buya kuba buncinci. Ukuba isikhunta sisetyenziselwa iimeko ezinobushushu obuphantsi, ukuba ubungakanani beli candelo buba bukhulu, ubukhulu becala kungenxa yomphezulu wokubumba. Iqondo lobushushu liphantsi kakhulu. Kungenxa yokuba iqondo lobushushu bomngundo liphantsi kakhulu, kwaye imveliso iyancipha kancinci emoyeni, ke ubukhulu bukhulu! Isizathu kukuba ubushushu besikhunta esisezantsi buhambisa i-molekyuli "yokuma okuneqhwa", ethi yonyuse ubungqingqwa bomaleko oqingqiweyo wonyibiliko kumngxunya wokungunda. Kwangelo xesha, iqondo lokushisa eliphantsi lomngundo lithintela ukukhula kweekristali, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa ukuncipha kwemveliso. Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba iqondo lobushushu lokungunda liphezulu, ukunyibilika kuya kuphola kancinci, ixesha lokuphumla liza kuba lide, inqanaba lokuqhelaniswa liya kuba lincinci, kwaye kuya kuba luncedo kwi-crystallization, kwaye ukuncipha kwemveliso kuya kuba kukhulu.
Ukuba inkqubo yokuqalisa inde kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba ubungakanani buzinze, oku kubonisa ukuba ubushushu besikhunta abulawulwa kakuhle, kuba ukungunda kuthatha ixesha elide ukufikelela kulungelelwaniso olushushu.
Ukusasazeka kobushushu okungalinganiyo kwiindawo ezithile zokubumba kuya kwandisa kakhulu umjikelo wemveliso, ngokwandisa iindleko zokubumba! Ubushushu bexesha lonke lokungunda bunokunciphisa ukuhla kwe-shrinkage yokubumba kunye nokuphucula uzinzo. Iplastikhi yekristale, ubushushu obuphezulu besikhunta buhambelana nenkqubo ye-crystallization, iindawo zeplastikhi ezigqityiweyo azizukutshintsha kubungakanani ngexesha lokugcinwa okanye ukusetyenziswa; kodwa ukukhanya okuphezulu kunye nokuncipha okukhulu. Kwiiplastiki ezithambileyo, ubushushu besikhunta esisezantsi kufuneka sisetyenziselwe ukuyila, okulungele uzinzo lobukhulu. Ngayo nayiphi na into, ubushushu besikhunta buhlala buhleli kwaye ukuncipha kuyahambelana, okuluncedo ekuphuculeni ukuchaneka komlinganiso!
3. Impembelelo lobushushu ngumngundo kwi deformation:
Ukuba inkqubo yokupholisa ukungunda ayenziwanga kakuhle okanye ubushushu besikhunta abulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukupholisa ngokwaneleyo kwamalungu eplastiki kuya kubangela ukuba iinxalenye zeplastikhi zenze i-warp kunye ne-deform. Ukulawulwa kobushushu besikhunta, umahluko wobushushu phakathi kwesikhunta esingaphambili kunye nokubumba okungasemva, isiseko sokubumba kunye nodonga lokungunda, kunye nodonga lokungunda kunye nokufakwa kufuneka kugqitywe ngokweempawu zesakhiwo semveliso, ukuze lawula umahluko kwisantya sokupholisa kunye nokuncipha kwenxalenye nganye yokubumba. Emva kokudilizwa, ihlala igoba kwicala lokutsala kwicala lobushushu eliphezulu ukucima umahluko kulungelelwaniso lokuqhelanisa kunye nokuthintela ukujija kunye nokuqobeka kwenxalenye yeplastiki ngokomthetho wokuziqhelanisa.
Kwizinto zeplastiki ezinesakhiwo esilinganayo ngokupheleleyo, ubushushu besikhunta kufuneka bugcinwe buhambelana ngokufanelekileyo, ukuze ukupholisa kwenxalenye nganye yeplastiki kulungelelaniswe. Ubushushu sokubumba uzinzile kunye nokupholisa ulungeleleneyo, nto leyo ukunciphisa deformation inxalenye yeplastiki. Ukugqitha kobushushu besikhunta kuya kubangela ukupholisa okungalinganiyo kwamalungu eplastiki kunye nokuncipha okungahambelaniyo, okuya kuthi kubangele uxinzelelo kwaye kubangele i-warpage kunye ne-deformation yamalungu eplastiki, ngakumbi iinxalenye zeplastiki ezinobunzima obungalinganiyo bodonga kunye neemilo ezinzima. Icala elinobushushu obuphezulu besikhunta, emva kokuba imveliso ipholile, icala lesiphene kufuneka libe kwicala elinobushushu obuphezulu besikhunta! Kuyacetyiswa ukuba iqondo lobushushu langaphambili nangasemva umngundo likhethwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokweemfuno. Ubushushu besikhunta buboniswa kwitafile yeepropathi ezibonakalayo zezinto ezahlukeneyo!
4. Impembelelo yobushushu besikhunta kwiipropathi zoomatshini (uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi):
Iqondo lobushushu sokubumba liphantsi, kwaye uphawu lwenxalenye yeplastiki luyacaca, nto leyo enciphisa amandla emveliso; ukuphakama kwe-crystallinity yeplastikhi yeplastikhi, kokukhona indawo yenxalenye yeplastikhi yoxinzelelo kukuqhekeka koxinzelelo; ukwenzela ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, ubushushu besikhunta akufuneki bube phezulu kakhulu (PP, PE). I-PC kunye nezinye iiplastikhi eziphezulu ze-viscosity amorphous, ukuqhekeka koxinzelelo kunxulumene noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwenxalenye yeplastiki. Ukwandisa ubushushu sokubumba kuluncedo ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye nokunciphisa ukutyekela koxinzelelo
Inkcazo yoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi luphawu loxinzelelo olucacileyo! Isizathu kukuba: ukuyilwa koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ekubumbeni kubangelwa ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okushisa ngexesha lokupholisa. Emva kokuba imveliso ibunjiwe, ukupholisa kwayo ngokuthe ngcembe kuyanda ukusuka kumphezulu kuye ngaphakathi. Umphezulu kuqala uyancipha kwaye uqine, emva koko ngokuthe ngcembe uye ngaphakathi. Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwenziwa ngenxa yomahluko kwisantya sokuncipha. Xa intsalela yoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwinxalenye yeplastiki ingaphezulu komda we-resin, okanye phantsi kokukhukuliseka kwendawo ethile yemichiza, iintanda ziya kubakho kumphezulu weplastiki. Uphando olwenziwe kwi-PC kunye ne-PMMA resins ebonakalayo lubonisa ukuba intsalela yangaphakathi yoxinzelelo ikwimo exineneyo kumaleko womphezulu kunye nefom eyoluliweyo ngaphakathi.
Uxinzelelo loxinzelelo lomphezulu luxhomekeke kwimeko yokupholisa komphezulu. Ukubumba okubandayo kupholisa ngokukhawuleza intlaka etyhidiweyo, ebangela ukuba imveliso ebunjiweyo ivelise uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwangaphakathi. Iqondo lobushushu lomngundo yeyona meko isisiseko yokulawula uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Utshintsho oluncinci lobushushu besikhunta luya kutshintsha kakhulu uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwentsalela. Ngokubanzi, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olwamkelekileyo kwimveliso nganye kunye nentlaka ineqondo eliphantsi lobushushu besikhunta. Xa ubumba iindonga ezibhityileyo okanye ukuhamba umgama omde, ubushushu besikhunta kufuneka bube ngaphezulu kobuncinci ekubunjweni ngokubanzi.
5.Chaphazela ubushushu be-deformation yemveliso:
Ngokukodwa iiplastikhi zekristall, ukuba imveliso ibunjiwe kubushushu besikhunta esezantsi, ulungelelwaniso lweemolekyuli kunye neekristali zifriziwe kwangoko. Xa imeko yokusetyenziswa kobushushu obuphezulu okanye iimeko zokulungiswa kwesekondari, ikhonkco leemolekyuli liza kuhlengahlengiswa kwaye inkqubo ye-crystallization yenza ukuba imveliso ikhubazeke nakwezona zantsi ziphantsi kobushushu bokugqwetha ubushushu (HDT) bezinto.
Indlela echanekileyo kukusebenzisa ubushushu besikhunta ekucetyiswa ukuba busondele kufutshane nobushushu be-crystallization ukwenza imveliso icwecwe ngokupheleleyo kwinqanaba lokubumba, ukuthintela olu hlobo lwe-post-crystallization kunye ne-post-shrinkage kwindawo enobushushu obuphezulu. Ngamafutshane, ubushushu besikhunta yenye yeeparitha zolawulo olusisiseko kwinkqubo yokubumba yenaliti, kwaye ikwangumbono ophambili kuyilo lokungunda.
Iingcebiso zokumisela ubushushu besikhunta esichanekileyo:
Kule mihla, ukungunda kuye kwanda ngakumbi, kwaye ke, kuye kwaba nzima ngakumbi ukwenza iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokulawula ubushushu bokubumba. Ukongeza kumacandelo alula, inkqubo yolawulo lobushushu yokubumba ihlala ilalanisa. Ke ngoko, ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo sisikhokelo nje esirhabaxa.
Kwinqanaba lokuyilwa kwesikhunta, ulawulo lobushushu lobume bendawo egqityiweyo kufuneka luqwalaselwe.
Ukuba uyila isikhunta esinomthamo wenaliti ephantsi kunye nobungakanani obukhulu bokubumba, kubalulekile ukuba uqwalasele ubushushu obufanelekileyo.
Yenza izibonelelo xa uyila ubungakanani becandelo elinamanzi ahamba kumbhobho nakwityhubhu yokutya. Sukusebenzisa amalungu, kungenjalo kuya kubangela imiqobo emikhulu ekuhambeni okungamanzi okulawulwa bubushushu besikhunta.
Ukuba kunokwenzeka, sebenzisa amanzi acinezelekileyo njengolawulo lobushushu eliphakathi. Nceda usebenzise imibhobho kunye nezinto ezininzi ezinganyangekiyo kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu.
Nika inkcazo eneenkcukacha zokusebenza kwezixhobo zolawulo lobushushu ezihambelana nokubumba. Iphepha ledatha elinikezwe ngumenzi wesikhunta kufuneka libonelele ngamanani afanelekileyo malunga nenqanaba lokuhamba.
Nceda usebenzise iipleyiti zokwambathisa xa kukho ukungunda phakathi kwetemplate yomatshini.
Sebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zolawulo lobushushu ekubunjweni okuguqukayo nokulungisiweyo
Ngalo naliphi na icala nakwiziko, nceda sebenzisa inkqubo yolawulo lobushushu ebekwe yodwa, ukuze kubekho amaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba.
Iisekethe ezahlukeneyo zolawulo lobushushu kufuneka zixhunywe kuthotho, hayi ngokufana. Ukuba imijikelezo idityaniswe ngaxeshanye, umahluko wokuchasana uya kubangela ukuhamba kwenqanaba levolum yolawulo lobushushu olwahlukileyo, oluya kubangela utshintsho lobushushu olukhulu kunakwisekethe kuthotho. (Kuphela xa isekethe uthotho iqhagamshele itheko ukungunda kunye lobushushu iplagi umahluko ingaphantsi kwe-5 ° C, ukusebenza kwayo kulungile)
Kuyinzuzo yokubonisa ubushushu bobonelelo kunye nokubuyela kwiqondo lobushushu kwizixhobo zolawulo lobushushu besikhunta.
Injongo yenkqubo yolawulo kukongeza isivamvo sobushushu kwisikhunta ukuze utshintsho lobushushu lubonwe kwimveliso yokwenyani.
Kuwo wonke umjikelo wemveliso, ibhalansi yobushushu isekwe ekubunjweni ngenaliti ezininzi. Ngokubanzi, kufuneka kubekho ubuncinci iinaliti ezili-10. Obona bushushu bufikelela kwi-thermal equilibrium buchaphazeleka kwizinto ezininzi. Ubushushu bokwenyani bomngundo odibene neplastiki bunokulinganiswa nge-thermocouple ngaphakathi kwesikhunta (kufundwa nge-2mm ngaphezulu komhlaba). Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo kukubamba ipyrometer ukulinganisa, kwaye iprometer yepyrometer kufuneka iphendule ngokukhawuleza. Ukufumanisa ubushushu besikhunta, amanqaku amaninzi kufuneka alinganiswe, hayi ubushushu bendawo enye okanye icala elinye. Emva koko inokulungiswa ngokwendlela esemiselweyo yokulawula ubushushu. Lungisa iqondo lobushushu sokubumba kwixabiso elifanelekileyo. Iqondo lobushushu ekucetyiswa ukuba linikwe kuluhlu lwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ngcebiso zihlala zinikezelwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo olona hlaziyo lulungileyo phakathi kwezinto ezinje ngokugqitywa komphezulu womhlaba, iipropathi zoomatshini, ukuncipha kunye nemijikelezo yokulungisa.
Ukubumba okufuna ukucubungula izinto ezichanekileyo kunye nezibumba ekufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno ezingqongqo kwimeko yokubonakala okanye iindawo ezithile ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela, amaqondo okushisa aphezulu asetyenziswa rhoqo (i-post-molding shrinkage isezantsi, ubuso buqaqambile, kwaye ukusebenza kuyahambelana ). Amalungu aneemfuno zobugcisa eziphantsi kunye neendleko zemveliso asezantsi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, amaqondo obushushu asezantsi asetyenziswayo angasetyenziswa ngexesha lokubumba. Nangona kunjalo, umenzi kufuneka aqonde ukusilela kolu khetho kwaye ajonge ngononophelo iindawo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinxalenye ezivelisiweyo zisenokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi.
