Ama-plastiki abolayo angahlukaniswa abe amaplastikhi abolisayo asuselwa ku-bio kanye nama-plastiki acekisekayo asuselwa kuphethiloli ngokusho komthombo wezithako zawo. Zisetshenziswe emikhakheni eminingi efana ne-tableware elahlwayo, ukupakisha, ezolimo, izimoto, ukwelashwa, izindwangu, njll. Manje abakhiqizi abakhulu be-petrochemical world sebethumele. Amapulasitiki abolayo angalwela ukubamba amathuba emakethe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke uma abangane bethu abasembonini yamapulasitiki befuna ukuthola ingxenye yomkhakha wezinto zokubola, kufanele siqhubeke kanjani? Ungahlukanisa kanjani phakathi kweplastikhi esetshenziswayo esuselwa ku-bio-based and petroleum? Yikuphi izithako nobuchwepheshe kwifomula yomkhiqizo okuyisihluthulelo, futhi kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo lapho izinto ezonakalisayo zibola ukufinyelela ezingeni ......
I-Polypropylene (i-Polypropylene) iyinto esetshenziswa kabanzi ye-polymer, ebizwa nge-PP, enezinto ezingcono ze-thermoplastic. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zomzimba ezingenambala, ezingenaphunga nezingenabo ubuthi, okwamanje isetshenziswa njengeplastiki engasetshenziswanga ngenhloso engasindi. I-Polypropylene inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu, ukuphepha nokungenabo ubuthi, izinto eziphansi futhi okulula ukuzithola izinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi imikhiqizo elungiselelwe ingukukhanya okulula nokwemvelo. Isetshenziselwe ukufakwa komkhiqizo, izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali, izingxenye zezimoto, amapayipi wokwakha neminye imikhakha.
1. Isingeniso kwinqubo yokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ye-polypropylene
Ngawo-1950, kwaqala ucwaningo ngobuchwepheshe bokuhlanganiswa kwe-polypropylene. Kusuka kunqubo yendabuko ye-solvent polymerization (eyaziwa nangokuthi indlela yodaka) kuya kunqubo yesisombululo se-polymerization esithuthuke kakhulu, ithuthuke yaya kusigaba samanje samanzi ngobuningi nangendlela yesigabasenqwaba ye-polymerization. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwenqubo yokukhiqiza, i-solvent polymerization yakudala kakhulu Umthetho awusasetshenziswa embonini.
Kuwo wonke ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuthuthukile bomhlaba be-polypropylene, ukukhiqizwa kwaminyaka yonke kwebasell kwe-polypropylene kudlula u-50% wokukhishwa okuphelele komhlaba, ikakhulukazi kusetshenziswa inqubo ye-polymerization yesigabase-Spheripol double-loop; ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Spherizone polypropylene synthesis eyaphayona ngubasell yenziwe futhi yafakwa ekukhiqizeni. Ubuchwepheshe, inqubo ye-Borstar polypropylene synthesis eyenziwe futhi yafakwa ekukhiqizeni yiBorealis isetshenziswe kabanzi.
1.1 Inqubo ye-Spheripol
Ubuchwepheshe besigabasegesi i-Spheripol double-loop gas polypropylene obuthuthukisiwe busetshenziswe ngubasell wuhlobo olusha kunawo wonke lwenqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwe-polypropylene. Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo yokukhiqiza yendabuko, imikhiqizo ye-polypropylene ekhiqizwayo inekhwalithi engcono nokukhipha okukhulu.
Ingqikithi yezizukulwane ezine ze-catalysts yathuthukisiwe. Njengamanje, i-polypropylene synthesis reactor enesakhiwo esiphindwe kabili seyakhiwe, futhi imikhiqizo enhlobonhlobo emihle kakhulu ye-polypropylene ikhiqiziwe ngale nqubo. Isakhiwo seshubhu esinezintambo ezimbili singathola imikhiqizo ye-polypropylene ngokusebenza okungcono ngokushintsha ingcindezi kwinqubo yokuhlanganisa, futhi ibone ukulawulwa kwesisindo sama-polypropylene macromolecule kanye ne-morphology yama-polypropylene macromolecule; i-catalyst yesizukulwane sesine etholwe ngemuva kokuthuthuka okuningi, Umkhiqizo we-polypropylene okhubazekile unokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, izakhiwo ezingcono zemishini, nokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu.
Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo se-tube-ring ring reaction, ukusebenza kokukhiqiza kungaba lula kakhulu; ingcindezi yokuphendula iyanda, ngakho-ke okuqukethwe kwe-hydrogen kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza kuyanda, okuthuthukisa izindawo ezahlukahlukene zemikhiqizo ye-polypropylene ngezinga elithile; ngasikhathi sinye, ngokusekelwe esakhiweni esihle kakhulu esinamasongo amabili Iyakwazi ukukhiqiza ama-macromolecule asezingeni eliphakeme nemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi ye-polypropylene, ukuze ibanga lokusabalalisa isisindo semikhiqizo ye-polypropylene ekhiqizwayo likhudlwana, ne-polypropylene etholakele imikhiqizo ifana kakhulu.
Lesi sakhiwo singakhuthaza kangcono ukudluliswa kokushisa phakathi kwezinto zokusabela. Uma ihlanganiswe nama-catalysts we-metallocene asethuthuke kakhulu, imikhiqizo ye-polypropylene esebenza kangcono izolungiswa ngokuzayo. Isakhiwo se-double loop reactor sithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, senza inqubo yokukhiqiza ibe lula kakhulu futhi iguquguquke, futhi ngokwezinga elithile kwandisa ukukhishwa kwemikhiqizo ye-polypropylene.
1.2 Inqubo ye-Spherizone
Ngenxa yesidingo esandayo samanje se-bimodal polypropylene, ubasell usungule inqubo entsha yokukhiqiza. Inqubo yeSpherizone isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-bimodal polypropylene. Intsha eyinhloko yenqubo yokukhiqiza ukuthi ku-reactor efanayo, i-reactor ihlukanisiwe, futhi ukushisa kokuphendula, ukucindezela kokuphendula nokucindezela kokuphendula endaweni ngayinye yokuphendula kungalawulwa ngawodwana. Ukuhlushwa kwe-hydrogen kusatshalaliswa endaweni yokuphendula ngezimo ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza nezimo zokukhiqiza ezilawulwayo ngesikhathi sokukhula okuqhubekayo kochungechunge lwe-polypropylene yamangqamuzana lapho kuhlanganiswa i-polypropylene. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-bimodal polypropylene esebenza kangcono ihlanganiswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umkhiqizo otholakele we-polypropylene unokufana okungcono.
1.3 Inqubo yeBorstar
Inqubo yokuhlanganiswa kweBorstar polypropylene isuselwa kwinqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwe-polypropylene yebasell Corporation nguBorealis, ngokususelwa kusiphenduli sesakhiwo esinezintambo ezimbili, futhi isikhungo sombhede esinamanzi esinegesi sixhunywe ochungechungeni ngasikhathi sinye, ngaleyo ndlela sikhiqize i-polypropylene ngokusebenza okungcono . umkhiqizo.
Ngaphambi kwalokhu, zonke izinqubo ze-polypropylene synthesis zazilawula ukushisa kokuphendula cishe ku-70 ° C ukugwema ukukhiqizwa kwamabhulebhu ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza nokwenza imikhiqizo ye-polypropylene ifane kakhulu. Inqubo ye-Borstar edizayinwe yi-Borealis ivumela ukushisa okuphezulu kokusebenza, okungadlula ngisho nenani elibucayi lokusebenza kwe-propylene. Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa nakho kukhuthaza ukwanda kwengcindezi yokusebenza, futhi cishe awekho amabhamu kule nqubo, okuwuhlobo lokusebenza. Kuyinkqubo enhle kakhulu yokuhlanganiswa kwe-polypropylene.
Izici zamanje zenqubo zifingqwe ngale ndlela elandelayo: Okokuqala, umsebenzi wokuvuselela uphakeme; okwesibili, i-reactor phase phase reactor ixhunywe ochungechungeni ngesisekelo se-double loop tube reactor, engakwazi ukulawula kalula ubukhulu bamangqamuzana kanye ne-morphology ye-macromolecule eyenziwe; Okwesithathu, ukuphakama ngakunye okutholakale ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwe-bimodal polypropylene kungafinyelela ukusatshalaliswa okuncane kwamangqamuzana, futhi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo we-bimodal ingcono; okwesine, izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo liyakhula, futhi ama-molecule e-polypropylene avinjelwe ukuba ancibilike ku-The phenomenon of propylene ngeke idale ukuthi imikhiqizo ye-polypropylene inamathele odongeni lwangaphakathi lwe-reactor.
2. Intuthuko ekusetshenzisweni kwe-polypropylene
I-Polypropylene (i-Polypropylene) isetshenziswe emikhakheni eminingi njengokufakwa komkhiqizo, ukukhiqizwa kwezidingo zansuku zonke, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto, izinto zokwakha, imishini yezokwelapha, njll ngenxa yenqubo yokukhiqiza evuthiwe, izinto ezishibhile nezitholakala kalula, eziphephile, ezingezona -imikhiqizo enobuthi nenobungani bemvelo. Ngenxa yokuphishekelwa kwamanje kokuphila okuluhlaza kanye nezidingo eziningi zokuvikelwa kwemvelo, i-polypropylene ishintshe izinto eziningi ngobungani bemvelo obubi.
2.1 Ukwenziwa kwemikhiqizo ye-polypropylene yamapayipi
Ipayipi le-copolymer polypropylene elingahleliwe, elaziwa nangokuthi i-PPR, lingenye yemikhiqizo ye-polypropylene efunwa kakhulu okwamanje. Inezinto ezinhle zomshini nokumelana nomthelela oqinile. Ipayipi elilungiselelwe kuyo njengempahla eluhlaza linamandla aphezulu wokukhanda, isisindo esincane, nokuqina kokugqoka. Corrosion ukumelana futhi elula ukucutshungulwa eminye. Ngoba ikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu namanzi ashisayo, inempilo ende yokusebenza ngokususelwa ekuhlolweni kwekhwalithi, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo omuhle nokuqina okuphezulu, futhi isetshenziswe kabanzi ekuthuthweni kwamanzi abandayo futhi ashisayo.
Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo ngokuzinzile, ukuphepha nokwethembeka, kanye nentengo efanelekile, ibhalwe njengezinto ezinconywayo zokufaka amapayipi nguMnyango Wezokwakha neminye iminyango efanelekile. Kancane kancane kufanele isuse amapayipi endabuko ngamapayipi aluhlaza okuvikela imvelo njengePPR. Ngaphansi kwesinyathelo sikahulumeni, izwe lami njengamanje lisakhiwa. Izindawo zokuhlala ezingaphezu kuka-80% zisebenzisa amapayipi aluhlaza we-PPR. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komkhakha wezokwakha wezwe lami, isidingo samapayipi e-PPR nawo ayanda. Ngokwezibalo, isilinganiso semfuno yonyaka cishe singama-200kt.
2.2 Ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo ye-polypropylene yefilimu
Imikhiqizo yamafilimu futhi ingenye yemikhiqizo ye-polypropylene edingeka kakhulu. Ukukhiqizwa kwamafilimu kuyindlela ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-polypropylene. Ngokwezibalo, cishe ama-20% we-polypropylene akhiqizwa unyaka ngamunye asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amafilimu. Njengoba ifilimu le-polypropylene lizinzile futhi linobungani emvelweni, lingasetshenziswa emaphaketheni ahlukahlukene womkhiqizo, njengezinto ezahlukahlukene zokuvikela imikhiqizo eqondile, futhi lingasetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi njengezinto zokwakha. Ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuthuthukiswe izinto zokwenziwa kwefilimu ze-polypropylene ezinenani eliphakeme elengeziwe. Isibonelo, ifilimu ye-propylene-ethylene-1-butene ternary copolymer polypropylene ingasetshenziselwa ungqimba lokufaka uphawu lokushisa okuphansi, olunesidingo esikhulu semakethe.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zendabuko zokufaka uphawu lokushisa ifilimu, zingaphinde zifeze amandla angcono womshini nokumelana nomthelela. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo yamafilimu, namafilimu amele adingeka kakhulu yilezi: ifilimu ye-BiaP eqondiswe biaxially, ifilimu ye-polypropylene CPP, ifilimu ye-CPP isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukudla nokupakisha kwemikhiqizo yezemithi, ifilimu ye-BOPP isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukupakisha umkhiqizo kanye ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yokunamathela. Ngokuya ngemininingwane, iChina njengamanje idinga ukungenisa cishe izinto ezingama-80kt zezinto ezifana ne-polypropylene efana nefilimu minyaka yonke.
2.3 Ukwenziwa kwemikhiqizo ye-polypropylene yezimoto
Ngemuva kokuguqulwa, i-polypropylene material inezinto zokucubungula ezingcono, amandla aphezulu womshini, futhi ingagcina ukusebenza okuhle ngemuva kwemithelela eminingi. Ihambisana nomqondo wokuthuthuka wokuphepha nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswe kabanzi emkhakheni wezimoto.
Okwamanje, imikhiqizo ye-polypropylene isetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zezimoto ezinjenge-dashboards, izinto zangaphakathi nama-bumpers. Imikhiqizo ye-polypropylene eshintshiwe manje isiyimikhiqizo eyinhloko yepulasitiki yezingxenye ezizenzakalelayo. Ikakhulu, kusekhona igebe elikhulu ezintweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme ze-polypropylene materials, futhi amathemba entuthuko anethemba.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezidingo zamanje zaseChina zokukhiqizwa kwezimoto nokwandiswa kokuqwashiswa kwemvelo emkhakheni wezokukhiqiza izimoto, ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wezimoto kufanele kuxazulule inkinga yokuphinda isetshenziswe futhi kusetshenziswe kabusha izinto ze-polypropylene zezimoto. Izinkinga ezinkulu zemikhiqizo ye-polypropylene esetshenziswa embonini yezimoto Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuphakelwa kwemikhiqizo ephezulu ye-polypropylene, kuyadingeka ukuthi imikhiqizo ye-polypropylene kufanele ibe luhlaza, ingabi nemvelo, ingangcolisi umoya, imelane nokushisa okukhulu, ibe namandla amakhulu futhi ukumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali okuqinile.
Ngo-2020, iChina izosebenzisa izinga le- "National VI", futhi kuzokwenziwa ukwakhiwa kwezimoto ezingasindi. Imikhiqizo ye-Polypropylene iyabiza futhi ayisindi. Zizoba nezinzuzo eziningi futhi zizosetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezimoto.
2.4 Ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo ye-polypropylene yezokwelapha
Izinto zokwenziwa zePolypropylene ziphephile futhi azinobuthi, futhi zinezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza, futhi ziyasebenziseka kakhulu emvelweni. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa kakhulu ekulungisweni kwemikhiqizo yezokwelapha elahlwayo ehlukahlukene njengokufakwa kwezidakamizwa, imijovo, amabhodlela wokumnika, amagilavu, namashubhu asobala emishini yezokwelapha. Ukushintshwa kwezinto zendabuko zengilazi kufinyelelwe ngokuyisisekelo.
Ngezidingo ezandayo zomphakathi jikelele zezimo zezokwelapha kanye nokutshalwa kwemali okwandayo kweChina ocwaningweni lwesayensi ngemishini yezokwelapha, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-polypropylene emakethe yezokwelapha kuzokwanda kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezokwelapha esezingeni eliphansi kangako, ingabuye isetshenziselwe ukulungisa izinto zokwelapha ezisezingeni eliphakeme njengezindwangu zezokwelapha ezingezona ezelukiwe kanye nezicucu zezinso zokufakelwa.
3. Isifinyezo
I-Polypropylene iyinto esetshenziswa kabanzi ye-polymer enobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuvuthiwe, okushibhile nokutholakala kalula kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, imikhiqizo ephephile, engeyona enobuthi futhi enobungani bemvelo. Isetshenziselwe ukupakisha umkhiqizo, ukukhiqizwa kwezidingo zansuku zonke, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto, izinto zokwakha, imishini yezokwelapha neminye imikhakha. .
Njengamanje, iningi lemishini yokukhiqiza i-polypropylene, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, kanye nezinto eziqinisa ukusetshenziswa eChina zisasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bangaphandle. Ucwaningo ngemishini yokukhiqiza i-polypropylene nezinqubo kufanele lusheshiswe, futhi ngesisekelo sokumunca isipiliyoni esihle kakhulu, inqubo enhle yokukhiqiza i-polypropylene kufanele yakhelwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, kubalulekile ukwandisa utshalomali ocwaningweni lwesayensi, ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo ye-polypropylene ngokusebenza okungcono nenani eliphakeme elengeziwe, futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuncintisana okuyisisekelo kweChina.
Kuqhutshwa izinqubomgomo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamapulasitiki abolayo ezintweni zethebulethi ezilahlwayo, ukupakisha, ezolimo, izimoto, ukwelashwa, izindwangu neminye imikhakha kungenisa amathuba amasha okuthuthukiswa kwemakethe.
