Mapulasitiki omwe amatha kuwonongeka atha kugawidwa m'mapulasitiki owonongeka ndi bio komanso mapulasitiki owonongeka ndi petroleum malinga ndi komwe amapangira. Agwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ambiri monga zotayidwa patebulo, kulongedza, ulimi, magalimoto, chithandizo chamankhwala, nsalu, ndi zina zambiri. Tsopano opanga mafuta padziko lapansi agwiritsidwa ntchito. Mapulasitiki omwe amatha kuwonongeka amayesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wamsika pasadakhale. Chifukwa chake ngati anzathu omwe ali m'makampani apulasitiki akufuna kuti atenge nawo gawo pazinthu zopangira zinthu zakuthupi, tichite chiyani? Kodi mungasiyanitse bwanji mapulasitiki oyenda bio-based ndi petroleum? Zomwe zosakaniza ndi matekinoloje amtundu wa zinthu ndizofunikira, ndipo zinthu zowonongera zitha kuwola bwanji kuti zifike pamlingo ......
Polypropylene (Polypropylene) ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polima, chotchedwa PP, chomwe chimakhala ndi ma thermoplastic bwino. Chifukwa cha mtundu wake wopanda mtundu, wopanda fungo komanso wopanda poizoni, umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pulasitiki wopepuka. Polypropylene ili ndi magwiridwe antchito, chitetezo komanso osakhala kawopsedwe, zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta kupeza zopangira, ndipo zinthu zomwe zidakonzedwa ndizopepuka komanso zachilengedwe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popakira mankhwala, zopangira zamankhwala, zida zamagalimoto, mapaipi omanga ndi zina.
1. Chiyambi cha ntchito yopanga zinthu za polypropylene
M'zaka za m'ma 1950, kafukufuku wopanga ukadaulo wa polypropylene adayamba. Kuchokera munjira yokhayokha yosungunulira polima (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti matope njira) kupita ku njira yotsogola kwambiri yothetsera, yakhala ikuyambira mpaka pano pakachulukidwe kamadzi kambiri komanso njira yamafuta ambiri. Ndikutukuka kosalekeza kwa kapangidwe kake, kusungunula kosungunuka kwambiri Lamuloli siligwiritsidwanso ntchito m'makampani.
Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wapadziko lonse wa polypropylene, kupanga kwa basell polypropylene kwaposachedwa kumapitilira 50% yazomwe dziko lonse lapansi limatulutsa, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira ma polymerization a Spheripol double-loop; Kuphatikiza apo, Spherizone polypropylene synthesis yomwe ipangidwa ndi basell yapangidwa ndikupanga. Ukadaulo, njira ya Borstar polypropylene yopangidwa ndikupanga kupanga ndi Borealis akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
1.1 Njira ya Spheripol
Spheripol teknoloji yamagawo awiri otsekemera ya polypropylene yomwe idapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi basell ndiye mtundu watsopano wa polypropylene synthesis. Poyerekeza ndi njira zopangira zachikhalidwe, zopangidwa ndi polypropylene zimakhala ndizabwino komanso zotulutsa zazikulu.
Mibadwo yonse yazinthu zothandizira yasinthidwa. Pakadali pano, polypropylene synthesis riyakitala yokhala ndi mawonekedwe awiri otsekemera apangidwa, ndipo zopangidwa zingapo zabwino za polypropylene zapangidwa pamaziko a njirayi. Kapangidwe ka chubu cholumikizira kawiri kakhoza kupeza mankhwala a polypropylene ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino posintha kukakamiza pakupanga, ndikuzindikira kuwongolera kwa kuchuluka kwa polypropylene macromolecule ndi morphology ya polypropylene macromolecule; chothandizira cham'badwo wachinayi chomwe chimapezeka pambuyo pakusintha kambiri, Chothandizira cha polypropylene choyera chimakhala choyera kwambiri, chimatha kugwira bwino ntchito, komanso chimatha kukana.
Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka chubu chophatikizira, ntchito yopanga imatha kukhala yosavuta; kuthamanga kumawonjezeka, motero kuchuluka kwa haidrojeni pakupanga konseku kumakulitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zingapo za polypropylene zitheke pamlingo wina; nthawi yomweyo, kutengera kapangidwe kabwino kakang'ono ka mphira kawiri Imatha kupanga ma macromolecule apamwamba kwambiri komanso zinthu zing'onozing'ono zopangidwa ndi polypropylene, kuti magawidwe azochulukirapo azinthu zazikulu za polypropylene akhale akulu, ndipo polypropylene yomwe imapezeka Zogulitsa ndizofanana.
Kapangidwe kameneka kangalimbikitse kupititsa kwa kutentha pakati pazomwe zimachitika. Ngati ziphatikizidwa ndi zotsogola zotsogola kwambiri za metallocene, zopangidwa ndi polypropylene zogwira bwino ntchito zidzakonzedwa mtsogolo. Kapangidwe kama roketi kawiri kumawongolera magwiridwe antchito, kumapangitsa kuti ntchito yopanga ikhale yosavuta komanso yosinthika, ndipo kumlingo wina kumawonjezera kutulutsa kwa zinthu za polypropylene.
1.2 Njira ya Spherizone
Chifukwa chakukula kwakanthawi kwa bimodal polypropylene, basell apanga njira yatsopano yopangira. Njira ya Spherizone imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga bimodal polypropylene. Chachikulu kwambiri pakupanga ndikuti mumagetsi omwewo, riyakitala imagawika, ndipo kutentha kwakuthupi, kupsinjika kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi kupsinjika kwa magwiridwe antchito m'malo amtundu uliwonse kumatha kuwongoleredwa payokha. Mpweya wa haidrojeni umafalikira m'malo omwe amayankhidwako mosiyanasiyana ndikupanga zinthu zowongolerako pakupanga kopitilira muyeso wa polypropylene molekyulu popanga polypropylene. Kumbali imodzi, bimodal polypropylene yomwe imagwira bwino ntchito imapangidwa. Kumbali inayi, zomwe zimapezeka polypropylene zimakhala zofanana.
1.3 Njira ya Borstar
Ndondomeko ya Borstar polypropylene imagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera polypropylene kaphatikizidwe ka basell Corporation ndi Borealis, kutengera makina oyikirira kawiri, ndipo gawo lamagetsi lamadzimadzi limalumikizidwa munthawi yomweyo, potero limapanga polypropylene ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino . mankhwala.
Izi zisanachitike, mitundu yonse ya polypropylene kaphatikizidwe kamayang'anira kutentha komwe kumachitika pafupifupi 70 ° C kuti apewe kupanga thovu panthawi yopanga ndikupangitsa kuti polypropylene ikhale yofanana. Njira ya Borstar yopangidwa ndi Borealis imalola kutentha kwakukulu kogwirira ntchito, komwe kumatha kupitilira mtengo wofunikira wa ntchito ya propylene. Kuchuluka kwa kutentha kumalimbikitsanso kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magwiridwe antchito, ndipo palibe pafupifupi thovu panthawiyi, lomwe ndi mtundu wa magwiridwe antchito. Ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira polypropylene.
Makhalidwe apano njirayi afotokozedwa mwachidule motere: Choyamba, chothandizira chake ndichokwera; chachiwiri, gasi riyakitala yolumikizidwa imakanika pamaziko a kachipangizo kawiri ka chubu, komwe kumatha kuyendetsa bwino ma molekyulu ndi ma morpholoji a micromolecule yopangidwa; Chachitatu, nsonga iliyonse yomwe imapezeka pakupanga bimodal polypropylene imatha kukwaniritsa kugawa kwama cell pang'ono, ndipo mtundu wa mankhwala a bimodal ndibwino; chachinayi, kutentha kumagwira ntchito kumawonjezeka, ndipo ma molekyulu a polypropylene amalephera kusungunuka mu Zodabwitsazi za propylene sizingapangitse kuti polypropylene iphatikize kukhoma lamkati la riyakitala.
2. Kupita patsogolo pakugwiritsa ntchito polypropylene
Polypropylene (Polypropylene) yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ambiri monga kupangira zinthu, kupanga zofunikira tsiku ndi tsiku, kupanga magalimoto, zomangira, zida zamankhwala, ndi zina zambiri chifukwa chakukula kwake, zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta kupeza zopangira, zotetezeka, zopanda -zinthu zoopsa komanso zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chofunafuna moyo wobiriwira komanso zofunikira zina poteteza zachilengedwe, polypropylene yalowa m'malo mwa zida zambiri posasamalira chilengedwe.
2.1 Kupanga mankhwala polypropylene mapaipi
Chopopera cha pololymer polypropylene chitoliro, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti PPR, ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri polypropylene pakadali pano. Ili ndi zida zabwino zamakina komanso kukana kwamphamvu. Chitoliro chomwe chidakonzedwa ngati chopangira chimakhala ndi mphamvu zama makina, kulemera pang'ono, komanso kuvala. Dzimbiri zosagwira ndi yabwino pokonza zina. Chifukwa imatha kupirira kutentha ndi madzi otentha, imakhala ndi moyo wautali wautali potengera kuyendera bwino, mtundu wabwino wazogulitsa komanso kukhazikika kwapamwamba, ndipo yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuyenda kwamadzi ozizira komanso otentha.
Chifukwa chantchito yake yokhazikika, chitetezo ndi kudalirika, komanso mtengo wokwanira, alembedwa kuti ndi omwe akuyenera kukhala ndi chitoliro ndi Unduna wa Zomangamanga ndi madipatimenti ena oyenera. Imayenera kusintha m'malo mwa mapaipi achikhalidwe ndi mapaipi obiriwira oteteza chilengedwe monga PPR. Mothandizidwa ndi boma, dziko langa likumangidwa. Malo opitilira 80% amakhala ndi mapaipi obiriwira a PPR. Ndikukula kwamsanga kwa mafakitale akumanga m'dziko langa, kufunika kwa mapaipi a PPR kukukulirakulira. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, zosowa zapakati pachaka zimakhala pafupifupi 200kt.
2.2 Kupanga zinthu zama polypropylene
Zopanga makanema ndizimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri polypropylene. Kupanga makanema ndi njira yofunikira pakugwiritsira ntchito polypropylene. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, pafupifupi 20% ya polypropylene yomwe imapangidwa chaka chilichonse imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makanema. Monga polypropylene film ndiyokhazikika komanso yosamalira zachilengedwe, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popakira zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga zida zingapo zotetezera muzinthu zolondola, komanso itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ambiri monga zomangira. Makamaka m'zaka zaposachedwa, zida zambiri zamafilimu a polypropylene omwe ali ndi phindu lowonjezera apangidwa. Mwachitsanzo, filimu yotchedwa propylene-ethylene-1-butene ternary copolymer polypropylene ingagwiritsidwe ntchito posindikiza kutentha pang'ono, komwe kumafunikira msika kwambiri.
Poyerekeza ndi zida zosanjikiza zotentha zosindikiza, zitha kupezanso mphamvu zamagetsi komanso kukana kwamphamvu. Pali mitundu yambiri yazogulitsa zamafilimu, ndipo makanema oimira omwe akufunika kwambiri ndi awa: Biaxially wokonda BOPP film, polypropylene CPP Film, Kanema wa CPP amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podyetsa ndi popanga mankhwala, Kanema wa BOPP amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira zinthu ndi kupanga zinthu zomatira. Malinga ndi deta, China pakadali pano imafunika kuitanitsa pafupifupi 80kt ya zinthu zopanga filimu ngati polypropylene chaka chilichonse.
2.3 Kupanga zinthu zama polypropylene zamagalimoto
Pambuyo posinthidwa, zinthu za polypropylene zimatha kukonza bwino, zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndipo zimatha kugwira bwino ntchito pambuyo pazovuta zingapo. Zimagwirizana ndi lingaliro la chitukuko cha chitetezo ndi kuteteza zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamunda wamagalimoto.
Pakadali pano, zopangidwa ndi polypropylene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana agalimoto monga ma dashboard, zida zamkati, ndi ma bumpers. Zosinthidwa zama polypropylene tsopano zakhala zinthu zazikulu zapulasitiki zamagalimoto. Makamaka, pakadalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pazinthu zapamwamba za polypropylene, ndipo chiyembekezo chachitukuko ndichabwino.
Ndikusintha kopitilira muyeso kwa zomwe zikufunika ku China pakupanga magalimoto ndikuwonjezera kuzindikira za kuteteza zachilengedwe pantchito yopanga magalimoto, chitukuko chamakampani agalimoto chiyenera kuthana ndi vuto lobwezeretsanso ndikugwiritsanso ntchito zinthu za polypropylene zamagalimoto. Mavuto akulu azinthu zama polypropylene omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani agalimoto Chifukwa chakusowa kwa zinthu zopangira polypropylene, pamafunika kuti zopangidwa ndi polypropylene zikhale zobiriwira, zachilengedwe, zopanda kuipitsa, zotentha, zoteteza mphamvu mphamvu kukana dzimbiri.
Mu 2020, China ikhazikitsa "National VI" muyezo, ndikupanga magalimoto opepuka kuyambitsidwa. Mankhwala a polypropylene ndiokwera mtengo komanso opepuka. Adzakhala ndi zabwino zambiri ndipo adzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga magalimoto.
2.4 Kupanga kwa mankhwala a polypropylene
Zinthu zopangidwa ndi polypropylene ndizotetezeka komanso sizowopsa, ndipo zimakhala ndi ndalama zochepa zopangira, ndipo ndizogwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mankhwala osiyanasiyana monga mankhwala, ma syringe, mabotolo olowetsedwa, magolovesi, ndi machubu owonekera pazida zamankhwala. Kusintha kwa zida zamagalasi zachikhalidwe kwakwaniritsidwa.
Ndi zofunikira zowonjezereka za anthu pazachipatala komanso kuwonjezeka kwachuma ku China pakufufuza kwasayansi pazida zamankhwala, kumwa kwa polypropylene pamsika wazachipatala kudzawonjezeka kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pakupanga zinthu zamankhwala zotsika mtengo, itha Kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kukonzekera zida zamankhwala zam'munsi monga nsalu zachipatala zosaluka komanso zopindika za impso.
3. Chidule
Polypropylene ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polima ndiukadaulo wopanga, wotchipa komanso wosavuta kupeza zopangira, zotetezeka, zopanda poizoni komanso zachilengedwe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu, kupanga zofunikira tsiku ndi tsiku, kupanga magalimoto, zomangamanga, zida zamankhwala ndi zina. .
Pakadali pano, zida zambiri zopangira polypropylene, njira zopangira, komanso othandizira ku China akugwiritsabe ntchito ukadaulo wakunja. Kafukufuku wazinthu zopangira polypropylene ndi njira zake ayenera kupitilizidwa, ndipo pamaziko olandila zokumana nazo zabwino, njira yabwino yopangira polypropylene iyenera kupangidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera ndalama pakufufuza kwasayansi, kupanga mankhwala a polypropylene okhala ndi magwiridwe antchito komanso phindu lowonjezera, ndikukonzanso mpikisano wapakati pa China.
Poyendetsedwa ndi ndondomeko zachitetezo cha chilengedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki omwe amatha kuwonongeka m'mapaketi oyikapo, kulongedza, ulimi, magalimoto, chithandizo chamankhwala, nsalu ndi zina zikuyambitsa mwayi watsopano wamsika.
