Balaastiigyada la baabi'in karo ayaa loo kala qaybin karaa caagagga la baabi'in karo ee bio-ku-salka ah iyo balastarrada dillaaci kara ee ku saleysan batroolka iyadoo la raacayo isha ay ka kooban tahay. Waxaa laga dalbaday dhinacyo badan sida weelka miiska la tuuro, baakadaha, beeraha, gawaarida, daaweynta, dharka, iwm. Imika shirkadaha waaweyn ee adduunka soo saara ayaa geeyay. Balaastiigyada baabi'in kara waxay ku dadaalayaan inay fursadaha suuqa ka hor qabsadaan. Markaa haddii saaxiibbadeena ku jira warshadaha caagagga ay rabaan inay qayb ka helaan wax soosaarka qalabka wax baabiin kara, sidee u sii soconnaa? Sidee loo kala saaraa caagagga xaalufin kara bio-ku saleysan iyo baatroolka? Waa kuwee maaddooyinka iyo teknoolajiyada ku jirta qaaciddada wax soo saarka ayaa ah furaha, iyo shuruudo noocee ah ayaa waxyaabaha la xaalufiyaa u kala daadan karaan si ay u gaaraan heerka ...
Polypropylene (Polypropylene) waa shey si weyn loo isticmaalo polymer, oo loo yaqaan 'PP', oo leh sifooyin heerkulbeeg wanaagsan. Sababtoo ah astaamo aan lahayn midab, ur iyo waxyaabo aan sun ahayn, waxaa hadda loo isticmaalaa caag guud ahaan u-fudud. Polypropylene wuxuu leeyahay waxqabad aad u fiican, badbaado iyo sun la'aan, qiimo jaban oo si fudud loo heli karo alaabta ceeriin, iyo badeecooyinka la diyaariyey waa qalab fudud oo bey'adeed u fiican. Waxaa loo adeegsaday baakadaha wax soo saarka, alaabada ceyriinka kiimikada, qaybaha gawaarida, tuubooyinka dhismaha iyo beeraha kale.
1. Hordhaca habka wax soo saarka ee alaabada polypropylene
1950-yadii, cilmi-baaris ku saabsan tiknoolajiyadda isku-dhafka polypropylene-ka ayaa bilaabmay. Laga soo bilaabo habka ugu caansan ee polymerization polymerization (sidoo kale loo yaqaan habka dhoobada) illaa habka polymerization xalka horumarsan, waxay u soo baxday heerka wajiga dareeraha badan iyo habka gaaska gaaska wejiga gaaska. Iyada oo horumarka joogtada ah ee habka wax soo saarka, polymerization dareeraha ugu caansan Sharciga mar dambe looma isticmaalo warshadaha.
Dhamaan tiknoolajiyada wax soo saarka adduunka ee polypropylene, waxsoosaarka sanadlaha ah ee 'basell' ee polypropylene wuxuu ka badan yahay 50% wadarta wax soo saarka adduunka, badiyaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka polymerization ee wajiga gaaska ee Spheripol; intaa waxaa sii dheer, iskudhafka polypropylene-ka ee loo yaqaan 'Spherizone polypropylene synthesis' oo uu hormood ka yahay basell ayaa la sameeyay lana soo saaray wax soo saar. Tiknoolajiyadda, habka isku-dhafka Borstar polypropylene synthesis oo la soo saaray laguna soo saaray wax soo saar Borealis ayaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalay.
1.1 Nidaamka Spheripol
Tikniyoolajiyadda polypropylene polypropylene gaaska laba-looaban ee Spheripol ayaa la soo saaray oo la hawlgaliyay basell waa nooca ugu khibrad badan habka wax soo saarista polypropylene. Marka loo barbardhigo habka wax soo saar dhaqameedka, alaabada polypropylene ee la soo saaray waxay leeyihiin tayo wanaagsan iyo soo saar ballaaran.
Wadar ahaan afar jiil oo wax soo saar ayaa la hagaajiyay. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, fal-falanqeeye isku-dhaf ah oo loo yaqaan 'polypropylene synthesis reactor' oo leh qaab-dhismeed laba-laaban ayaa la sameeyay, waxaana la soo saaray noocyo kala duwan oo polypropylene aad u fiican ah iyadoo lagu saleynayo howshan. Qaab dhismeedka tuubbada laba-laab wuxuu heli karaa alaabada polypropylene-ka oo leh waxqabad wanaagsan iyadoo la beddelayo cadaadiska ku jira habka isku-dhafka, iyo in la ogaado sharciyeynta cufnaanta polypropylene macromolecules iyo qaab-dhismeedka polypropylene macromolecules; jiilka afraad ee jiheeyaha ah ee la helay ka dib hagaajinno badan, Wax soo saarka polypropylene ee kalluunka ayaa leh nadiif saa'id ah, sifooyin farsamo oo wanaagsan, iyo iska caabbinta sare.
Sababtoo ah isticmaalka qaab-dhismeedka falgalka tuubbada laba-giraanta ah, hawlgalka wax soo saarku wuxuu noqon karaa mid ku habboon; cadaadiska jawaab celinta waa la kordhiyay, sidaa darteed maadada haydrojiin ee ku jirta geedi socodka wax soo saarka oo dhan waa la kordhiyay, taasoo hagaajineysa sifooyinka kala duwan ee alaabada polypropylene ilaa xad; isla mar ahaantaana, oo ku saleysan qaab-dhismeedka tuubbada laba-giraanta ah ee ugu fiican Waxay awood u leedahay inay soo saarto macromolecules tayo sare leh iyo alaabooyin tayo sare leh oo polypropylene ah, sidaa darteed miisaanka loo qaybiyo culeyska alaabada ee alaabooyinka polypropylene-ka la soo saaray ayaa ka weyn, iyo polypropylene la helay alaabtu waa kuwo isku mid ah.
Qaab-dhismeedkani wuxuu si fiican u kobcin karaa wareejinta kuleylka ee u dhexeeya qalabka fal-celinta. Haddii lagu daro waxyaabaha kal-ka-dhiska birta ee horumarsan, alaabada polypropylene-ka oo leh waxqabad wanaagsan ayaa la diyaarin doonaa mustaqbalka. Qaab-dhismeedka fal-falanqeeyaha laba-laabka ah wuxuu hagaajiyaa wax-soo-saarka wax-soo-saarka, wuxuu ka dhigayaa habka wax-soo-saarka mid ku habboon oo dabacsan, iyo illaa xad si gaar ah ayuu u kordhiyaa wax soo saarka alaabada polypropylene.
1.2 Nidaamka Spherizone
Sababtoo ah baahida sii kordheysa ee hadda jirta ee loo yaqaan 'bimodal polypropylene', basell waxay soo saartay hanaan cusub oo wax soo saar. Nidaamka 'Spherizone' waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa soo-saarka bimodal polypropylene. Hal-abuurnimada ugu weyn ee habka wax soo saarku waa in isla falgalka, fal-qabeha la kala qaybiyo, heerkulka falcelinta, cadaadiska falcelinta iyo cadaadiska falcelinta ee aag kasta oo falcelin ah ayaa shaqsiyan loo xakameyn karaa. Isku-uruurinta hydrogen waxaa lagu wareejiyaa aagga falcelinta iyadoo leh xaalado wax soo saar oo kala duwan iyo xaaladaha wax soo saarka la xakameyn karo inta lagu jiro koritaanka joogtada ah ee silsiladda unugyada 'polypropylene molecular' marka la soosaarayo polypropylene. Dhinaca hal, bimodal polypropylene oo leh waxqabad wanaagsan ayaa la soosaarayaa. Dhanka kale, sheyga polypropylene-ka la helay wuxuu leeyahay isku mid ahaansho ka wanaagsan.
1.3 Nidaamka Borstar
Nidaamka isku-dhafka ee Borstar polypropylene wuxuu ku saleysan yahay habka isku-darka polypropylene-ka ee shirkadda basell ee shirkadda Borealis, oo ku saleysan fal-celinta qaab-dhismeedka laba-laaban, iyo fal-celinta sariirta dareeraha ah ee gaaska ku xiran waxay ku xiran tahay taxane isku mid ah, taas oo soo saareysa polypropylene oo leh waxqabad wanaagsan . alaabta
Tan ka hor, dhammaan hababka isku-dhafka polypropylene waxay xakameeyeen heerkulka falcelinta qiyaastii 70 ° C si looga fogaado jiilka goobooyin inta lagu jiro habka wax soo saarka iyo ka dhigista alaabada polypropylene mid isku mid ah. Nidaamka Borstar ee uu naqshadeeyay Borealis wuxuu oggol yahay heer-kulka hawlgalka oo sarreeya, oo xitaa dhaafi kara qiimaha muhiimka ah ee hawlgalka propylene Kordhinta heer-kulka ayaa sidoo kale kor u qaadeysa kororka cadaadiska hawlgalka, mana jiraan wax goobooyin ah oo ku jira geeddi-socodka, taas oo ah nooc ka mid ah waxqabadka. Waa geedi socod isku-dhafan polypropylene fiican.
Sifooyinka hadda jira ee geeddi-socodka ayaa lagu soo koobay sida soo socota: Marka hore, waxqabadka kicinta ayaa ka sarreeya; tan labaad, falgalaha wajiga gaaska wuxuu kuxiranyahay taxanaha asalka u ah falleyaha tuubbada loop-ka loop, oo sifiican uxakameynkarta cufka jirka iyo qaab-dhismeedka macromolecule-ka lasameeyay; Seddexaad, mid kasta oo sarre ah oo la helo inta lagu guda jiro soo saarida polypropylene-ka bimodal wuxuu gaari karaa qayb yar oo culeyskeedu kooban yahay, tayada tayada bimodalkuna waa ka fiican tahay; afraad, heerkulka hawlgalka waa la kordhiyaa, molekoolifiyadaha polypropylene-ka ayaa laga hortagayaa inay ku milmaan Dhacdada propylene ma keenayso in alaabada polypropylene ay ku dhegto darbiga gudaha ee fal-falaha.
2. Horumarka ku saabsan codsiga polypropylene
Polypropylene (Polypropylene) waxaa loo isticmaalay dhinacyo badan sida baakadaha wax soo saarka, soo saarida baahiyaha maalinlaha ah, soo saarida gawaarida, qalabka dhismaha, qalabka caafimaadka, iwm. waxyaabaha sunta leh iyo kuwa bey'adda u fiican. Raadinta hadda jirta ee nolosha cagaaran iyo shuruudo dheeri ah oo loogu talagalay ilaalinta deegaanka, polypropylene waxay ku bedeshay qalab badan saaxibtinimo deegaanka oo liidata.
2.1 Horumarinta alaabada polypropylene ee tuubooyinka
Biibiile polypropylene polypropylene Random, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan PPR, waa mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha loo baahan yahay polypropylene xilligan. Waxay leedahay sifooyin farsamo oo wanaagsan iyo iska caabin saameyn xoog leh. Dhuumaha laga diyaariyey iyada oo ah shey ceyriin ah wuxuu leeyahay awood farsamo sare, miisaan fudud, iyo iska caabin xirata. Daxalka u adkaysta oo ku habboon sii socodsiinta. Sababtoo ah waxay u adkeysan kartaa heerkulka sare iyo biyaha kulul, waxay leedahay nolol adeeg dheer oo ku saleysan kormeerka tayada, tayada wax soo saarka wanaagsan iyo xasiloonida sare, waxaana si weyn loogu isticmaalay gaadiidka qabow iyo kuwa kulul.
Waxqabadkeeda xasiloon awgood, nabadgelyadiisa iyo isku halaynteeda, iyo qiimaha macquulka ah, waxay u liis garaysaa inay tahay qalabka lagu taliyo tuubbada ee Wasaaradda Dhismaha iyo waaxaha kale ee la xiriira. Waa inay tartiib tartiib ugu bedeshaa tuubooyin dhaqameedka tuubbada ilaalinta deegaanka ee cagaaran sida PPR. Hindisaha dawladda, dalkaygu hadda wuu socdaa. In kabadan 80% deganaanshaha waxay isticmaalaan dhuumaha cagaaran ee PPR. Horumarka degdega ah ee warshadaha dhismaha dalkayga, baahida loo qabo dhuumaha PPR sidoo kale way sii kordhayaan. Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobyada, celceliska dalabka sanadlaha ahi waa ilaa 200kt.
2.2 Horumarinta alaabada polypropylene-ka filimka
Wax soo saarka filimku sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha loo baahan yahay alaabada polypropylene-ka badan. Soo-saarista filimku waa hab muhiim u ah codsiyada polypropylene. Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobyada, qiyaastii 20% polypropylene-ka la soo saaro sannad kasta ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro filim. Maaddaama filimka polypropylene uu yahay mid xasilloon oo bey'adeed u fiican, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa baakado kala duwan oo wax soo saar ah, sida maaddooyinka kala duwan ee dahaarka u leh waxyaabaha saxda ah, waxaana sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa dhinacyo badan sida qalabka dhismaha. Gaar ahaan sanadihii la soo dhaafay, waxyaabo badan oo filimada polypropylene ah oo qiime sare leh ayaa la soo saaray. Tusaale ahaan, propylene-ethylene-1-butene ternary copolymer polypropylene film ayaa loo isticmaali karaa lakabka heerkulka hooseeya ee kuleylka-daboolida, kaas oo leh baahi badan oo suuq ah.
Marka loo barbardhigo qalabka filimka nooca-kululaynta ah ee kuleylka, waxay sidoo kale ku guuleysan kartaa xoog farsamo wanaagsan iyo caabbinta saamaynta. Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo ah alaabada filimka, filimada matalaya ee baahi weyn loo qabayna waa: filimka BOPP ee u janjeedha dhanka galmada, filimka polypropylene ee loo yaqaan 'CPP Film', filimka CPP ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa cuntada iyo baakadaha wax soo saarka dawooyinka, filimka BOPP ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa baakadaha wax soo saarka soosaarka alaabada xabagta. Sida laga soo xigtay xogta, Shiinaha xilligan waxay u baahan tahay inay soo dejiso qiyaastii 80kt oo ah waxyaabo u eg filpropylene sanad walba.
2.3 Horumarinta alaabada polypropylene ee gawaarida
Ka dib markii wax laga beddelay, sheyga polypropylene wuxuu leeyahay sifooyin wax soo saar wanaagsan, awood farsamo sare, wuxuuna sii wadi karaa waxqabadka wanaagsan ka dib saameyn badan. Waxay u dhigantaa fikradda horumarinta ee badbaadada iyo ilaalinta deegaanka. Sidaa darteed, waxaa si ballaaran loogu isticmaalay qaybta gawaarida.
Waqtigaan la joogo, alaabada polypropylene-ka waxaa loo isticmaalaa qeybaha kala duwan ee gawaarida sida dashboodyada, qalabka gudaha, iyo bambooleyda. Waxyaabaha polypropylene-ka wax laga beddelay ayaa hadda noqday badeecooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee balaastigga ah ee loogu talagalay qaybaha baabuurta. Gaar ahaan, weli waxaa jira farqi weyn oo u dhexeeya qalabka sare ee polypropylene, iyo rajada horumarka ayaa rajo wanaagsan leh.
Iyada oo si joogto ah loo hagaajinayo shuruudaha Shiinaha ee hadda soo saarista baabuurta iyo kor u qaadista wacyiga ilaalinta deegaanka ee soo saarista baabuurta, horumarinta warshadaha baabuurta waa inay xalliyaan dhibaatada dib-u-warshadaynta iyo dib-u-isticmaalka qalabka polypropylene ee baabuurta. Dhibaatooyinka ugu waaweyn ee alaabada polypropylene ee loo isticmaalo warshadaha gawaarida Sababtoo ah la'aanta keenida alaabada polypropylene-dhamaadka sare, waxaa loo baahan yahay in alaabada polypropylene ay noqdaan kuwo cagaaran, bey'ada u fiican, wasakh la'aan ah, leh iska caabin kulul kuleylka, xoogga farsamada sare iyo adkaysiga daxalka kiimikada ee adag.
Sanadka 2020-ka, Shiinaha wuxuu hirgelin doonaa halbeegga "National VI", iyo horumarinta gawaarida miisaanka yar ayaa la hirgelin doonaa. Wax soo saarka Polypropylene waa mid qiimo jaban oo qafiif ah. Waxay yeelan doonaan faa'iidooyin badan waxaana si aad ah loogu isticmaali doonaa warshadaha baabuurta.
2.4 Horumarinta alaabada polypropylene caafimaad
Wax soosaarka Polypropylene ee loo yaqaan 'polypropylene synthetic' waa mid aamin ah oo aan sun lahayn, wuxuuna leeyahay kharash yar oo soosaarid ah, waana mid ku habboon deegaanka adeegsiga. Sidaa darteed, waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa diyaarinta alaabooyin caafimaad oo kaladuwan oo la tuuri karo sida baakadaha daroogada, cirbadaha, dhalooyinka faleebada, galoofyada, iyo tuubooyinka hufan ee qalabka caafimaadka. Beddelka qalabka quraaradaha dhaqameed asal ahaan waa la gaadhay.
Shuruudaha sii kordhaya ee bulshada guud ee xaaladaha caafimaad iyo maalgashiga sii kordhaya ee Shiinaha ee cilmi baarista sayniska ee qalabka caafimaadka, isticmaalka wax soo saarka polypropylene ee suuqa caafimaadka ayaa si weyn u kordhin doona. Soo saarista alaabooyinka caafimaad ee aadka u hooseeya, waxaa sidoo kale loo adeegsan karaa in lagu diyaariyo agab caafimaad oo heer sare ah sida dhar caafimaad oo aan tolmo lahayn iyo kilyaha aaladda macmalka ah.
3. Soo Koobid
Polypropylene waa qalab polymer si ballaaran loo isticmaalo oo leh tikniyoolajiyad wax soo saar qaan ah, alaab ceeriin ah oo raqiis ah oo si fudud lagu heli karo, alaabo aamin ah, aan sun lahayn oo deegaanka u wanaagsan. Waxaa loo adeegsaday baakadaha wax soo saarka, soo saarista baahiyaha maalinlaha ah, soo saarista baabuurta, qalabka dhismaha, qalabka caafimaadka iyo dhinacyada kale. .
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, inta badan qalabka wax soo saarka polypropylene, hababka wax soo saarka, iyo soosaarayaasha Shiinaha wali waxay adeegsadaan tikniyoolajiyad shisheeye. Cilmi-baarista ku saabsan qalabka wax soo saarka polypropylene iyo geeddi-socodka waa in la dedejiyaa, iyadoo lagu saleynayo soo-qaadashada khibrad aad u fiican, habka wax soo-saarka polypropylene ka fiican waa in loo qaabeeyaa. Isla mar ahaantaana, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la kordhiyo maalgashiga cilmi-baarista sayniska, horumarinta alaabada polypropylene oo leh waxqabad wanaagsan iyo qiime sare oo sare, iyo in la hagaajiyo tartanka asaasiga ah ee Shiinaha
Wadayaasha siyaasadaha ilaalinta deegaanka, ku adeegsiga caagagga wax baabi'in kara ee miisaska la tuuri karo, baakadaha, beeraha, gawaarida, daaweynta caafimaadka, dharka iyo qaybaha kale ayaa keenaya fursado cusub oo loogu talagalay horumarinta suuqa.
