1. Ma'anar filastik:

Filastik abu ne mai ɗauke da babban polymer azaman babban ɓangaren. Ya ƙunshi kwalliyar roba da filler, masu sanya robobi, masu daidaitawa, man shafawa, launuka masu ƙayatarwa da sauran abubuwan ƙari. Yana cikin yanayin ruwa yayin masana'antu da sarrafawa don sauƙaƙa samfurin, Yana gabatar da cikakkiyar sifa idan aikin ya kammala. Babban kayan aikin filastik shine guduro na roba. "Gudura" tana nufin babban kwayar polymer wacce ba a cakuda ta da wasu abubuwan karawa ba. Gudun yana ɗaukar kimanin 40% zuwa 100% na nauyin nauyin filastik. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na robobi sune ƙayyadaddun abubuwan resin, amma ƙari kuma yana da muhimmiyar rawa.

2. Dalilan gyaran filastik:

Abin da ake kira "gyarar filastik" yana nufin hanyar ƙara ɗaya ko fiye da wasu abubuwa a cikin resin filastik don canza aikinta na asali, inganta ɗayan ko fiye da haka, don haka cimma burin faɗaɗa girman aikinsa. Ana kiran kayan roba da aka gyara gaba ɗaya a matsayin "gyararren robobi".

Gyaran filastik yana nufin canza kaddarorin kayan aikin filastik ta hanyar da mutane ke tsammani ta hanyoyin jiki, na sinadarai ko na duka hanyoyin biyu, ko don rage farashin sosai, ko inganta wasu kaddarorin, ko ba da robobi Sabon aikin kayan. Hakanan za'a iya aiwatar da gyare-gyare yayin aikin polymerization na resin roba, wato, gyare-gyaren sinadarai, kamar copolymerization, grafting, crosslinking, da sauransu. cikawa da haɗin polymerization. Haɗawa, haɓakawa, da dai sauransu.

3. Nau'ikan hanyoyin gyara filastik:

1) inarfafawa: Dalilin ƙaruwa da ƙarfi na kayan abu ana samun su ta hanyar ƙara ƙoshin fibrous ko flake kamar fiber gilashi, fiber carbon, da mica foda, kamar gilashin ƙarafan fiber da aka yi amfani da shi a kayan aikin wuta.

2) ugara ƙarfi: Dalilin inganta ƙarfi da tasirin tasirin filastik ana samun sa ne ta hanyar ƙara roba, elastomer na thermoplastic da sauran abubuwa a cikin filastik, kamar su polypropylene mai tsauri da aka saba amfani da shi a cikin motoci, kayan aikin gida da aikace-aikacen masana'antu.

3) Haɗuwa: haɗuwa gaba ɗaya kayan aikin polymer guda biyu ko waɗanda basu dace ba cikin macro-mai jituwa da ƙananan-matsakaiciyar cakuda don saduwa da wasu buƙatu dangane da kayan aikin jiki da na inji, kayan kimiyyar gani, da kayan sarrafawa. Hanyar da ake buƙata.

4) Ciko: Dalilin inganta kayan aiki na jiki da na inji ko rage tsada ana cin nasara ta hanyar ƙara masu cika filastik.

5) Sauran gyare-gyare: kamar amfani da fillan gudanarwa don rage ƙarfin lantarki na filastik; Bugu da ƙari na antioxidants da masu daidaita haske don inganta haɓakar yanayin kayan; ƙari na launuka da launuka don canza launin kayan; Bugu da ƙari na man shafawa na ciki da na waje don yin abu Ana inganta aikin aiki na filastik ɗin ƙarfe-crystalline; ana amfani da wakili mai jujjuyawa don canza halayen kristal na filastik mai ƙaran-ƙarfe don inganta kayan aikin injiniya da kayan gani.