1. Igisobanuro cya plastiki:

Plastike ni ibikoresho bifite polymer ndende nkibice byingenzi. Igizwe na resinike yubukorikori hamwe nuwuzuza, plasitike, stabilisateur, amavuta, pigment nibindi byongerwaho. Ari mumazi mugihe cyo gukora no gutunganya kugirango byoroherezwe kwerekana, Itanga imiterere ihamye mugihe gutunganya birangiye. Ibintu nyamukuru bigize plastike ni resinike. "Resin" bivuga polymer-molekile nyinshi itavanze ninyongeramusaruro zitandukanye. Ibisigarira bingana na 40% kugeza 100% byuburemere bwa plastiki. Ibintu byibanze bya plastiki bigenwa cyane cyane nimiterere ya resin, ariko inyongeramusaruro nazo zigira uruhare runini.

2. Impamvu zo guhindura plastike:

Ibyo bita "guhindura plastike" bivuga uburyo bwo kongeramo kimwe cyangwa byinshi mubindi bikoresho bya plastiki kugirango uhindure imikorere yumwimerere, utezimbere kimwe cyangwa byinshi, bityo ugere ku ntego yo kwagura ibikorwa byayo. Ibikoresho bya pulasitike byahinduwe byitwa "plastiki yahinduwe".

Guhindura plastike bivuga guhindura imiterere yibikoresho bya pulasitike mu cyerekezo giteganijwe n'abantu binyuze mumubiri, imiti cyangwa uburyo bwombi, cyangwa kugabanya cyane ibiciro, cyangwa kunoza imitungo runaka, cyangwa gutanga plastike Imikorere mishya yibikoresho. Igikorwa cyo guhindura gishobora kubaho mugihe cya polymerizasique ya resinike ya sintetike, ni ukuvuga guhindura imiti, nka copolymerisation, gushushanya, guhuza, nibindi, birashobora kandi gukorwa mugihe cyo gutunganya resinike ya sintetike, ni ukuvuga guhindura umubiri, nka kuzuza no gufatanya na polymerizasiyo. Kuvanga, kuzamura, nibindi.

3. Ubwoko bwuburyo bwo guhindura plastike:

1) Gushimangira: Intego yo kongera ubukana nimbaraga zibikoresho bigerwaho hiyongereyeho fibrous cyangwa flake yuzuza nka fibre yikirahure, fibre karubone, nifu ya mika, nka fibre fibre ikomeza nylon ikoreshwa mubikoresho byamashanyarazi.

2) Gukomera: Intego yo kunoza ubukana ningaruka zingaruka za plastike igerwaho hiyongereyeho reberi, thermoplastique elastomer nibindi bintu kuri plastiki, nka polypropilene ikaze ikoreshwa mumamodoka, ibikoresho byo murugo no gukoresha inganda.

3) Kuvanga: kuvanga kimwe ibikoresho bibiri cyangwa byinshi bituzuye byuzuye bya polymer mubikoresho bya macro-bihuza na micro-fase yatandukanijwe kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa bimwe mubijyanye numubiri wumubiri nubukanishi, ibintu bya optique, hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya. Uburyo bukenewe.

4) Kuzuza: Intego yo kuzamura imiterere yumubiri nubukanishi cyangwa kugabanya ibiciro bigerwaho hongerwaho ibyuzuye muri plastiki.

5) Ibindi byahinduwe: nko gukoresha ibyuma byuzuza ibintu kugirango ugabanye amashanyarazi ya plastike; kongeramo antioxydants na stabilisateur yumucyo kugirango irusheho guhangana nikirere cyibikoresho; kongeramo pigment n'amabara kugirango uhindure ibara ryibikoresho; kongeramo amavuta yimbere ninyuma yo gukora ibikoresho Imikorere yo gutunganya igice cya kirisiti ya kirisiti iratera imbere; nucleating agent ikoreshwa muguhindura ibiranga kristaliste ya kimwe cya kabiri cya kirisiti kugirango itezimbere imiterere ya optique.