A duka gyare-gyaren inji ne mai roba aiki inji. Bayan an fesa roba mai ruwa, ana amfani da iskar da injin ya busa don busa jikin filastik din zuwa wani fasalin ramin mould don yin samfur. Wannan nau'in mashin din ana kiran shi da inji mai busawa. An narkar da filastik kuma an kirga shi da yawa a cikin abin cirewa, sannan a samar da shi ta hanyar fim din bakin, sannan kuma a sanyaya shi ta hanyar zoben iska, sannan a jawo tarakta a wani saurin, sai kuma winder din ta dauke shi cikin nadi.
Wanda aka ce masa: M hura gyaren inji
Sunan Turanci: busa gyaɗa
Blow gyare-gyare, wanda aka fi sani da gyare-gyaren rami mai raɗaɗi, hanya ce mai saurin haɓaka filastik mai tasowa. Ana sanya sinadarin filastik na tubular wanda aka samo shi ta hanyar extrusion ko inginin allura na resin thermoplastic a sanya shi a cikin tsaga mai yalwa yayin da yake da zafi (ko kuma mai ɗaci zuwa yanayin laushi). Bayan an rufe mol, ana shigar da iska mai matsewa a cikin parison don busa parison filastik Yana fadadawa kuma yana manne da bangon ciki na muddin, kuma bayan sanyaya da daddarewa, ana samun samfuran mabanbanta. Tsarin masana'antar finafinai da aka busa ya yi kama da juna sosai bisa ka'ida don busa kayan samfuran mara kyau, amma ba ya amfani da kyawu. Ta fuskar rarrabuwa da fasahar sarrafa filastik, yawan gyare-gyaren finafinan da aka busa galibi ana hada su a cikin extrusion. Anyi amfani da tsarin gyare-gyaren bugu don samar da gilashin polyethylene mara nauyi a lokacin yakin duniya na II. A ƙarshen 1950s, tare da haihuwar babban polyethylene mai girma da kuma ci gaban injin inji, ana amfani da fasahar kere kere. Ofarar jakar kwandon zai iya kaiwa dubban lita, kuma wasu abubuwan samarwa sun karɓi sarrafa kwamfuta. Plastics dace da duka gyare-gyare hada da polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyester, da dai sauransu Sakamakon sakamakon kwantena suna yadu amfani da matsayin masana'antu marufi kwantena.
Dangane da hanyar samar da parison, za'a iya raba gyararriyar daskarewa zuwa yaduwar extrusion da kuma allurar bugun jini. Sabon ɓullo da nau'in launuka da yawa da kuma shimfiɗa ƙwanƙwasawa.
Tasirin ceton makamashi
Ana iya raba ceton makamashi na injin busawa zuwa gida biyu: daya bangaren wutar ne dayan kuma bangaren dumama ne.
Adana makamashi a cikin ɓangaren wuta: Ana amfani da yawancin masu juyawa. Hanyar ceton kuzari shine adana ragowar makamashin motar. Misali, ainihin karfin motar 50Hz ne, kuma a zahiri kana bukatar 30Hz kawai a cikin samar don isa ga samarwa, kuma yawan amfani da makamashi ya zama a banza Idan aka barnata, mai juyawar shine ya canza karfin wutar da mota don cimma tasirin ceton makamashi.
Adana makamashi a ɓangaren dumama: Mafi yawan ceton makamashi a ɓangaren dumama shine amfani da wutar lantarki na lantarki, kuma ƙimar ajiyar kuzari ya kusan 30% -70% na tsohuwar ƙarfin juriya.
1. Idan aka kwatanta da dumama juriya, zafin wutar lantarki yana da ƙarin murfi na rufi, wanda ke ƙara yawan amfani da makamashin zafin rana.
2. Idan aka kwatanta da dumama juriya, wutar lantarki mai aiki da wutar lantarki kai tsaye tana aiki akan bututun abu don zafi, yana rage raunin zafi na canjin zafi.
3. Idan aka kwatanta da dumama juriya, saurin dumama zafin wutar lantarki ya fi saurin daya-hudu, wanda ke rage lokacin dumamawa.
4. Idan aka kwatanta da dumama juriya, saurin zafin wutar zafin lantarki ya fi sauri, kuma an inganta ingancin samarwa. Motar tana cikin yanayi mai ƙarancin yanayi, wanda ke rage asarar wutar lantarki da ƙarfin mai ƙarfi da ƙananan buƙata ke haifarwa.
Abubuwan da muka ambata a sama sune dalilan da yasa Feiru mai amfani da wutan lantarki zai iya ajiye makamashi har zuwa 30% -70% akan injin busawa.
Tsarin inji
Za'a iya raba injinan busawa zuwa gida uku: Injinan gyaran kayan extrusion, injin inji da allura da injina na musamman. Na'urorin gyare-gyaren busa na iya zama na kowane nau'ikan da ke sama. Extrusion duka gyare-gyaren inji ne mai hade da extruder, duka gyare-gyaren inji da kuma mold clamping inji, wanda aka hada da extruder, parison mutu, kumbura na'urar, mold clamping inji, parison kauri kula da tsarin da kuma watsa inji. Parison mutu yana ɗayan mahimman abubuwan da ke ƙayyade ingancin kayayyakin da aka ƙera. Yawancin lokaci yawancin abinci na gefe yana mutuwa kuma tsakiyar abinci suna mutuwa. Lokacin da aka busa samfura masu girman sikila, ana amfani da nau'in silinda na ajiya da yawa. Tankin ajiya yana da ƙaramin ƙara na 1kg da matsakaicin girman 240kg. Ana amfani da na'urar sarrafa kaurin parison don sarrafa kaurin bangon parison. Matakan sarrafawa na iya zama har zuwa maki 128, gaba ɗaya maki 20-30. Injin ƙwanƙwasawa mai ƙwanƙwasawa zai iya samar da samfuran rami tare da ƙarar daga 2.5ml zuwa 104l.
Alura busa gyare-gyaren inji ne mai hade da allura gyare-gyaren inji da kuma duka gyare-gyaren inji, ciki har da plasticizing inji, na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa tsarin, kula da lantarki kayan aiki da kuma sauran inji sassa. Common iri ne uku-tashar allura duka gyare-gyaren inji da hudu-tashar allura duka gyare gyare gyare-gyaren inji. Na'urar tashoshi uku tana da tashoshi uku: daidaitaccen yanki, hauhawar farashi da rage dimuwa, kowane tashar an rabu da 120 °. Na'urar tashoshi huɗu tana da tashar preforming guda ɗaya, kowane tasha tana da 90 ° baya. Kari akan wannan, akwai injin inji mai injin busawa mai inganci tare da rabuwa 180 ° tsakanin tashoshi. A roba roba samar da allura duka gyare-gyaren inji yana da madaidaitan girma da kuma ba ya bukatar sakandare aiki, amma mold kudin ne in mun gwada da high.
Kayan aiki na musamman wanda ake amfani da shi yana amfani da zanen gado, narkakken kayan narkakke da kuma bargo mai sanyi kamar parisons don busa gawarwakin mutane masu siffofi da amfani na musamman. Saboda siffofi daban-daban da bukatun kayayyakin da aka samar, tsarin injin zoben ma daban ne.
Fasali da fa'ida
1. Ana yin dunƙulen shaft da silinda na 38CrMoAlA chromium, molybdenum, gami na aluminium ta hanyar maganin nitrogen, wanda ke da fa'idodi na babban kauri, juriya ta lalata da kuma jure juriya.
2. Kan mutu yana da chrome-plated, kuma dunƙule dunƙule-dunƙule tsarin sa fitarwa ya zama daidai da kuma santsi, kuma mafi kyau kammala hura fim. Hadadden tsari na injin busa fim yana sa gas din fitarwa ya zama daidai. Theungiyar dagawa ta ɗauki tsarin dandamali na dandamali na murabba'i, kuma za a iya daidaita tsayin dagawa ta atomatik bisa ga bukatun fasaha daban-daban.
3. Kayan aikin sauke kayan yana amfani da kayan juyawa da kayan juyawa na tsakiya, kuma yana amfani da injin motsa jiki don daidaita lamuran fim, wanda yake da saukin aiki.
Bayanin Aiki / Takaitaccen Bayani:
A yayin aiwatar da finafinan da aka busa, daidaiton kaurin fim shine mai nuna alama. Za'a iya sarrafa daidaiton kaurin na tsawon lokaci ta hanyar kwanciyar hankali na extrusion da saurin gogayya, yayin da daidaiton nauyin kaurin fim ɗin gabaɗaya ya dogara da ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar mutuƙar. , Kuma canza tare da canji na sigogin aikin samarwa. Domin inganta daidaiton fim ɗin kawancen wucewa, dole ne a gabatar da tsarin sarrafa kauri mai wucewa ta atomatik. Hanyoyin sarrafawa gama gari sun haɗa da kai mai mutuƙar atomatik (ƙararrawar haɓaka ta thermal) da zoben iska ta atomatik Anan galibi muna gabatar da ƙa'idar zoben iska ta atomatik anda'ida da aikace-aikace.
Na asali
Tsarin zoben iska na atomatik yana amfani da hanyar fitarwa ta iska biyu, wanda a cikin sa adadin iska na ƙaramar iskar yake kiyayewa koyaushe, kuma an raba mafitar iska ta sama zuwa bututun iska da yawa. Kowane bututun iska yana dauke da dakunan iska, bawuloli, injina, da dai sauransu. Motar tana tuka bawul din domin daidaita bude kofar bututun iska Sarrafa karfin iska na kowane bututu.
A yayin aiwatar da sarrafawa, ana aika siginar kaurin fim da aka gano ta binciken auna kauri zuwa kwamfutar. Kwamfuta tana kwatancen siginar kauri tare da matsakaicin matsakaiciyar saiti, tana yin lissafi bisa karkatarwar kauri da yanayin canjin yanayin, kuma tana sarrafa motar don tuka bawul din don motsawa. Idan yayi sirara, sai motar ta ci gaba kuma sai tayuwar ta rufe; akasin haka, motar tana motsawa ta baya, kuma tuyere yana ƙaruwa. Ta canza ƙarar iska a kowane wuri kan kewayawar zoben iska, daidaita saurin sanyaya na kowane ma'ana don sarrafa karkatarwar kauri na fim ɗin a cikin kewayon manufa.
Tsarin sarrafawa
Zobewar iska ta atomatik tsarin sarrafawa ne na ainihi na kan layi. Abubuwan da aka sarrafa na tsarin injina ne da yawa da aka rarraba akan zoben iska. Ana rarraba kwararar iska mai sanyaya da fan ta aika zuwa kowane bututun iska bayan matsin lamba koyaushe a cikin dakin zobewar iska. Motar tana tuƙa bawul don buɗewa da rufewa don daidaita girman girman tuyere da ƙarar iska, kuma canza tasirin sanyaya fim ɗin ba komai a yayin fitowar ruwan. Domin sarrafa kaurin fim, daga mahallin tsarin sarrafawa, babu wata dangantaka bayyananniya tsakanin canjin kaurin fim da ƙimar sarrafa motar. Kaurin fim ɗin da matsayin bawul na canjin bawul da ƙimar sarrafawa ba layi ba ne kuma marasa tsari. Kowace lokacin da aka daidaita bawul Lokaci yana da tasiri sosai akan maki makwabta, kuma daidaitawar tana da hysteresis, don haka lokuta daban-daban suna da alaƙa da juna. Don irin wannan maras matsi, haɗuwa mai ƙarfi, sauye-sauye lokaci da sarrafa tsarin da ba shi da tabbas, ƙirar lissafinsa daidai yake kusan ba zai yiwu a kafa shi ba, koda kuwa za a iya kafa samfurin lissafi, yana da rikitarwa da wahalar warwarewa, don haka ba shi da m amfani. Ikon gargajiya yana da kyakkyawan tasirin sarrafawa akan ƙayyadadden tsarin sarrafawa, amma yana da tasirin sarrafa mara kyau akan rashin daidaito, rashin tabbas, da rikitaccen bayanin ra'ayoyi. Ko da mara karfi. Dangane da wannan, mun zaɓi algorithm mai rikitarwa. A lokaci guda, ana canza hanyar canza yanayin ƙididdiga mara nauyi don inganta mafi dacewa ga canjin sigogin tsarin.