Galimoto yadzidzidzi yoyambira magetsi ndimagetsi onyamula ma multifunctional opangira okonda magalimoto ndi anthu amabizinesi omwe amayendetsa ndikuyenda. Ntchito yake ndikoyambitsa galimoto ikataya magetsi kapena singathe kuyendetsa galimoto pazifukwa zina. Nthawi yomweyo, mpope wa mpweya umaphatikizidwa ndi magetsi azadzidzidzi, kuyatsa panja ndi ntchito zina, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakayendera panja.
Galimoto yoyambira mwadzidzidzi: Kuyamba Galimoto Yoyambira
Mapulogalamu amoyo: magalimoto, mafoni, zolembera
Zochita pazinthu: muyezo wa LED yoyera yoyera yoyera
Ubwino: kutulutsa kwakukulu, kukonzanso, kunyamula
Mtundu wa batri: batri ya lead-acid, batri yoluka, batire ya lithiamu ion
Kuyambitsa mwachidule kwamagalimoto oyambira magetsi:
Lingaliro la kapangidwe ka magetsi mwadzidzidzi poyambira magetsi ndiyosavuta kuyigwiritsa ntchito, yosavuta kunyamula, komanso yokhoza kuthana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Pakadali pano pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu yamagetsi yoyambira mwadzidzidzi yamagalimoto pamsika, imodzi ndi mtundu wa batri wa lead-asidi, ndipo inayo ndi mtundu wa lithiamu polima.
Mtundu wa batri wa lead-asidi wamagalimoto oyambitsa magetsi mwadzidzidzi ndiwachikhalidwe.Amagwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lead-acid osasamalira, omwe ndi akulu mulingo ndi voliyumu, komanso mphamvu yolingana ndi batire ndi poyambira pano izikhala yayikulu kwambiri. Zogulitsa zotere nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mpope wa mpweya, komanso zimakhala ndi ntchito monga kuchulukitsitsa, kuchuluka kwambiri, kuchuluka kwambiri, ndikusintha chitetezo cholozera, chomwe chitha kulipira zinthu zamagetsi zosiyanasiyana, ndipo zinthu zina zimagwiranso ntchito monga ma inverters.
Lithium polymer mwadzidzidzi yoyambira magetsi yamagalimoto ndiyotsogola.Ndi chinthu chomwe chawonekera posachedwa.Ndicholemera mopepuka komanso kukula kwake ndipo chimatha kuyang'aniridwa ndi dzanja limodzi. Zogulitsa zamtunduwu nthawi zambiri sizikhala ndi mpope wamlengalenga, imakhala ndi ntchito yochulukitsa yowonjezera, ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu zowunikira, zomwe zimatha kupereka mphamvu zamagetsi osiyanasiyana. Kuunikira kwa malonda amtunduwu kumakhala ndi ntchito yowunikira kapena SOS yakutali yoyatsira magetsi opulumutsa, yomwe ndi yothandiza kwambiri.
Ntchito yamoyo:
1. Magalimoto: Pali mitundu yambiri yamagetsi oyambitsa mabatire a lead-acid, pafupifupi pafupifupi 350-1000 amperes, ndipo magalimoto oyambira a lithiamu polima akuyenera kukhala 300-400 amperes. Pofuna kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino, magetsi amayambira poyenda mwadzidzidzi ndi ophatikizika, osavuta kunyamula komanso olimba. Ndiwothandiza poyambira modzidzimutsa galimoto.Ingapereke mphamvu zoyambira pamagalimoto ambiri ndi zombo zochepa. kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magetsi onyamula 12V DC kukonzekera galimoto.Igwiritsidwe ntchito pakagwa zadzidzidzi.
2. Notebook: Ntchito yamagetsi yamagalimoto oyambira modzidzimutsa imakhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya 19V, yomwe imatha kupereka mphamvu yokhazikika yama bukhu kuti muwonetsetse kuti anthu ena amabizinesi atuluka.Batire ntchito yamakalata amachepetsa zomwe zimakhudza Nthawi zambiri, mabatire a 12000 mAh polima Ayenera kupereka mphindi 240 za batri la notebook.
3. Foni yam'manja: Mphamvu zoyambira zamagalimoto imapezekanso ndi magetsi a 5V, omwe amathandizira moyo wama batri ndi magetsi pazida zingapo zosangalatsa monga mafoni, PAD, MP3, ndi zina zambiri.
4. Kukwera kwamitengo: yokhala ndi mpope wa mpweya ndi mitundu itatu ya mipweya ya mpweya, yomwe imatha kukweza matayala amgalimoto, mavavu a inflation, ndi mipira yosiyanasiyana.
Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe:
Pakadali pano, mitundu yotsatirayi yamagetsi yoyambira mwadzidzidzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lapansi, koma ziribe kanthu mtundu wanji, zili ndi zofunika kwambiri pakutsikira. Mwachitsanzo, ma batri a lead-acid omwe alipo mu njinga zamagetsi ndi mabatire a lithiamu muma charger am'manja sangakwanitse kuyambitsa galimoto.
1. Asidi otsogolera:
a. Mabatire achikhalidwe otsogola otsogola: Ubwino wake ndi mtengo wotsika, kulimba kwambiri, chitetezo chambiri; zoyipa ndizochulukirapo, kuyimitsa pafupipafupi ndikukonza, kuchepetsa asidi wa sulfuric ndikosavuta kutayikira kapena kuuma, ndipo sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito pansipa 0 ° C .
b. Yoyala batri: Ubwino wake ndi wotchipa, wocheperako komanso wosavuta kunyamula, kutentha kwambiri, kutentha kotsika -10 ℃ itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kukonza kosavuta, moyo wautali; choyipa ndichakuti voliyumu ndi kulemera kwake kwa mabatire a lithiamu ndiochulukirapo, ndipo ntchitoyi ndi yochepera mabatire a lithiamu.
2. Lifiyamu ion:
a. Polymer lithiamu cobalt oxide batri: Ubwino wake ndi wawung'ono, wokongola, wosiyanasiyana, wotheka, komanso nthawi yayitali; zovuta ndizoti ziphulika kutentha kwambiri, sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutentha pang'ono, dera lotetezera ndilovuta, Sangathe kudzazidwa kwambiri, mphamvu ndizochepa, ndipo zinthu zabwino kwambiri ndizotsika mtengo.
b. Lifiyamu yachitsulo mankwala a batri: Ubwino wake ndi wawung'ono komanso wosavuta kunyamula, wokongola, nthawi yayitali yakudikirira, moyo wautali, kutentha kwambiri kuposa mabatire a polima, ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamazizira otsika -10 ° C; choyipa ndichakuti kutentha pamwamba 70 ° C ndiosatetezeka ndipo dera lotetezera ndilovuta.Mphamvu zake ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi mabatire amilonda ndipo mtengo wake ndiokwera mtengo kuposa mabatire a polima.
3. Otsatira:
Super capacitors: maubwino ndi ang'ono komanso osavuta kunyamula, zotulutsa zazikulu pakadali pano, kuthamanga kwachangu, komanso moyo wautali; zoyipa sizitetezedwa kutentha kwambiri kuposa 70 ℃, dera lovuta lotetezera, mphamvu zochepa, komanso okwera mtengo kwambiri.
mbali mankhwala:
1. Mphamvu yamagalimoto yoyambira mwadzidzidzi imatha kuyatsa magalimoto onse okhala ndi ma batri a 12V, koma zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito zamagalimoto omwe ali ndi mayendedwe osiyanasiyana azikhala osiyana, ndipo zitha kupereka ntchito monga kupulumutsa mwadzidzidzi kumunda;
2. Kuwala koyera koyera kwambiri, kuwala kochenjeza, ndi kuwala kwa SOS, mthandizi wabwino woyenda;
3. Mphamvu yamagalimoto yoyambira mwadzidzidzi sikuti imangothandiza kuyambitsa kwadzidzidzi kwamagalimoto, komanso imathandizira zotulutsa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zotulutsa za 5V (kuthandizira mitundu yonse yazogulitsa zam'manja monga mafoni), zotulutsa za 12V (zothandizira ma rauta ndi zinthu zina), 19V zotulutsa (zothandizira zinthu zambiri zapakompyuta)), kukulitsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'moyo;
4. Mphamvu yamagalimoto yoyambira mwadzidzidzi imakhala ndi batri yotsogola-asidi yokonzedweratu, komanso palinso batiri la polymer la lithiamu-ion, lokhala ndi zosankha zingapo;
5. Kuyambitsa magetsi mwadzidzidzi kwa lithiamu-ion kumayendetsa nthawi yayitali kumakhala ndi moyo wautali, kuyendetsa ndi kutulutsa zinthu kumatha kufikira nthawi zopitilira 500, ndipo imatha kuyendetsa galimoto nthawi 20 ikadzaza (batri imawonetsedwa mu 5 mipiringidzo) (wolemba amagwiritsa ntchito izi, osati mitundu yonse);
6. Mphamvu yoyambira mwadzidzidzi ya batri yotsogola imakhala ndi mpope wa mpweya wokhala ndi kuthamanga kwa 120PSI (chithunzi chojambulidwa), chomwe chitha kuthandizira kukwera kwamitengo.
7. Chidziwitso chapadera: Mulingo wabatire wa lithiamu-ion polima poyambira poyambira uyenera kukhala pamwamba pa mipiringidzo 3 galimoto isanayatseke, kuti isawotche oyendetsa galimoto mwadzidzidzi poyambira. Ingokumbukirani kulipiritsa.
Malangizo:
1. Kokani buleki lamanja, ikani zowalamulira mosalowerera ndale, yang'anani poyambira, iyenera kukhala pamalo OTHANDIZA.
2. Chonde ikani sitata yadzidzidzi pamalo okhazikika kapena papulatifomu yosasunthika, kutali ndi injini ndi malamba.
3. Lumikizani chojambula chofiyira chofiyira cha "emergency starter" ndi ma elekitirodi abwino a batri omwe alibe mphamvu. Ndipo onetsetsani kuti kulumikizana kuli kolimba.
4. Lumikizani chojambula chakuda chakuda (-) cha "choyambira mwadzidzidzi" kumtunda wagalimoto, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kulumikizana kuli kolimba.
5. onetsetsani kulondola ndi kulimba kwa kulumikizana.
6. Yambitsani galimoto (osapitilira masekondi 5) Ngati kuyambira sikukuyenda bwino, chonde dikirani masekondi opitilira 5.
7. Pambuyo pakupambana, chotsani chingwe cholakwika pamtengo.
8. Chotsani chithunzi chofiira chatsopano cha "emergency starter" (chotchedwa "Cross River Dragon") kuchokera pamalo abwino a batri.
9. Chonde perekani batri mutagwiritsa ntchito.
Yambani kulipira mphamvu:
Chonde gwiritsani ntchito chida chamagetsi chamagetsi kuti mulipire. Musanaigwiritse ntchito kwa nthawi yoyamba, chonde perekani chipangizocho kwa maola 12. Batiri ya polima ya lithiamu-ion nthawi zambiri imatha kulipidwa kwathunthu m'maola 4. Sizingatenge nthawi yayitali kuti ikunena kuti ndi yayitali kwambiri, ndiyabwino. Mabatire a lead-acid osasamalira nthawi yayitali amafunikira nthawi zosiyanasiyana kutengera kutengera kuchuluka kwa malonda, koma nthawi yolipiritsa nthawi zambiri imakhala yayitali kuposa mabatire a lithiamu polima.
Njira zowonjezera ma poliyamu:
1. Ikani pulagi yachikazi yolipira yomwe yaperekedwa mu "sitata yadzidzidzi" yolumikizira doko lolumikizira ndikutsimikizira kuti ndiyotetezeka.
2. Tsegulani mbali inayo ya chingwe chonyamula muzitsulo zazitsulo ndikutsimikizira kuti ndiyotetezeka. (220V)
3. Pakadali pano, chizindikiritso chonyamula chiziwala, kuwonetsa kuti kulipiritsa kukuchitika.
4. Kutsatsa kukamalizidwa, kuwala kwa chizindikiro kumazimitsidwa ndikusiyidwa kwa ola limodzi kuti muwone kuti batire yamagetsi ikufika pakufunikirako, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti idadzazidwa kwathunthu.
5. Nthawi yobweza sayenera kupitilira maola 24.
Njira zosamalira batri yotsogola-asidi pakukonzekera:
1. Ikani pulagi yachikazi yolipira yomwe yaperekedwa mu "sitata yadzidzidzi" yolumikizira doko lolumikizira ndikutsimikizira kuti ndiyotetezeka.
2. Tsegulani mbali inayo ya chingwe chonyamula muzitsulo zazitsulo ndikutsimikizira kuti ndiyotetezeka. (220V)
3. Pakadali pano, chizindikiritso chonyamula chiziwala, kuwonetsa kuti kulipiritsa kukuchitika.
4. Chizindikiro cha kuwala chikasanduka chobiriwira, zikutanthauza kuti kulipiritsa kwatha.
5. Pogwiritsa ntchito koyamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tilipire kwa nthawi yayitali.
konzanso:
Kuti mukwaniritse nthawi yayitali kwambiri yamagalimoto oyambira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti makina azisungika nthawi zonse.Ngati magetsi sangasungidwe okwanira, moyo wamagetsi ufupikitsidwa. mukugwiritsa ntchito, chonde onetsetsani kuti amalipiritsa ndikutulutsidwa miyezi itatu iliyonse.
Mfundo yayikulu:
Kapangidwe ka mphamvu zamagalimoto ambiri kamayenera kutsatira mfundo zoyambirira kwambiri pakupanga, koma siopanga onse omwe amamvetsetsa bwino izi. Izi ndi mfundo zisanu ndi chimodzi zomwe zikufunika kutsatidwa popanga kapangidwe ka mphamvu zamagalimoto.
1. Mphamvu yamagetsi yolowetsa VIN: kutalika kwakanthawi kwamphamvu yamagetsi ya 12V kumatsimikizira mtundu wamagetsi olowera kutembenuka kwa IC
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagalimoto yamagalimoto ndi 9V mpaka 16V. Injini ikazima, ma batire omwe amatchedwa batri yamagalimoto ndi 12V; pomwe injini ikugwira ntchito, batire yamagetsi ili mozungulira 14.4V. Komabe, pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyana, magetsi osakhalitsa amathanso kufikira ± 100V. Mulingo wamakampani a ISO7637-1 umafotokozera kusinthasintha kwamagetsi kwama mabatire agalimoto. Mafunde omwe akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1 ndi Chithunzi 2 ndi ena mwa mawonekedwe omwe amaperekedwa ndi muyezo wa ISO7637. Chiwerengerochi chikuwonetsa zovuta zomwe otembenuza magetsi amphamvu amayenera kukumana nazo. Kuphatikiza pa ISO7637-1, pali mitundu ina yama batire yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma gasi. Zambiri mwazinthu zatsopano zimaperekedwa ndi opanga osiyanasiyana a OEM ndipo sizimangotsata miyezo yamakampani. Komabe, mulingo wina uliwonse watsopano umafuna kuti dongosololi likhale ndi chitetezo chokwanira komanso chitetezo.
2. Kutentha kwanyengo: kutaya kwanyengo kumayenera kupangidwa molingana ndi kuthekera kotsika kwambiri kosintha kwa DC-DC
Pazomwe mungagwiritse ntchito poyenda ndi mpweya wopanda kapena osazungulira mpweya, ngati kutentha kozungulira ndikokwera (> 30 ° C) ndipo pali kotentha (> 1W) potsekerako, chipangizocho chimawotha (> 85 ° C) . Mwachitsanzo, zokuzira mawu zambiri zimayenera kukhazikitsidwa pazitsulo zotenthetsera ndipo zimafunikira kuyendetsa bwino mpweya kuti zitheke kutentha. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu za PCB ndi dera lina lokutidwa ndi mkuwa zimathandizira kukonza kukhathamiritsa kwa kutentha, kuti tikwaniritse bwino kutentha. Ngati sikutentha sikugwiritsidwe ntchito, kutaya kwanyumba kwa pedi phukusi kumangokhala 2W mpaka 3W (85 ° C). Kutentha kozungulira kumawonjezeka, kutaya kwanyengo kumachepa kwambiri.
Mphamvu yamagetsi ikasinthidwa kukhala yamagetsi ochepa (mwachitsanzo: kutulutsa kwa 3.3V), owongolera olumikizana amawononga 75% yamagetsi olowera, ndipo magwiridwe antchito ake ndi otsika kwambiri. Pofuna kupereka 1W mphamvu yotulutsa, 3W yamphamvu idzawonongedwa ngati kutentha. Kuchepetsedwa ndi kutentha kozungulira komanso kesi / mphambano ya matenthedwe, 1W mphamvu yayikulu yotulutsa idzachepetsedwa kwambiri. Pazosintha kwambiri zamagetsi DC-DC, pomwe zotulutsa zikupezeka pa 150mA mpaka 200mA, LDO imatha kupereka mtengo wokwera.
Kuti musinthe voliyumu yama batire kukhala yamagetsi otsika (mwachitsanzo: 3.3V), mphamvu ikafika pa 3W, chosinthira chomaliza chomaliza chikuyenera kusankhidwa, chomwe chitha kupereka mphamvu zopitilira 30W. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chake opanga magetsi nthawi zambiri amasankha njira zamagetsi ndikukana mapangidwe azikhalidwe za LDO.
3. Quiescent current (IQ) ndi kutseka kwamakono (ISD)
Ndi kuwonjezeka kwachulukidwe kwa mayunitsi azamagetsi zamagetsi (ECUs) zamagalimoto, zonse zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa batri yamagalimoto zikuwonjezeka. Ngakhale injini ikazimitsidwa ndipo batri itatha, mayunitsi ena a ECU akugwirabe ntchito. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti static yomwe ikugwira ntchito pakadali pano ili mkati mwa njira zowongolereka, opanga ambiri a OEM amayamba kuchepetsa IQ ya ECU iliyonse. Mwachitsanzo, chofunikira cha EU ndi: 100μA / ECU. Magulu ambiri aku EU amaganiza kuti kuchuluka kwa ECU IQ ndikotsika 100μA. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwirabe ntchito nthawi zonse, monga ma transceivers a CAN, mawotchi enieni, ndi ma microcontroller omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano ndizofunikira kwambiri pa ECU IQ, komanso kapangidwe ka magetsi akuyenera kulingalira za bajeti yocheperako ya IQ.
4. Kuwononga mtengo: Kukonzekera kwa opanga OEM pakati pa mtengo ndi malongosoledwe ndichinthu chofunikira chomwe chimakhudza mtengo wamagetsi wamagetsi
Pazinthu zopangidwa ndi misa, mtengo wake ndi chinthu chofunikira kulingaliridwa pakupanga. Mtundu wa PCB, kutaya kwa kutentha, zosankha phukusi ndi zovuta zina pakapangidwe zimangokhala zochepa ndi bajeti ya projekiti inayake. Mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito bolodi la 4-FR4 ndi bolodi limodzi-CM3, kutaya kwamphamvu kwa PCB kumasiyana kwambiri.
Bajeti ya projekitiyi itithandizanso kukhala cholepheretsa china. Ogwiritsa ntchito atha kuvomereza ma ECU okwera mtengo, koma sawononga nthawi ndi ndalama pakusintha mapangidwe amagetsi azikhalidwe. Kwa nsanja zina zotsika mtengo zachitukuko, opanga amangosintha pang'ono pamapangidwe amagetsi osasankhidwa.
5. Udindo / masanjidwe: PCB ndi kapangidwe kazinthu pakapangidwe kazipangizo zamagetsi zitha kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito amagetsi
Kapangidwe kapangidwe kake, kapangidwe ka bolodi la dera, kukhudzika kwa phokoso, zovuta zolumikizana zingapo, ndi zoletsa zina pakapangidwe kazilepheretsa kapangidwe kazipangizo zamagetsi zophatikizika zapamwamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yakukweza kuti ipange mphamvu zonse zofunikira kudzapangitsanso kukwera mtengo, ndipo sikokwanira kuphatikizira zinthu zambiri pa chip chimodzi. Okonza zamagetsi amafunika kuyendetsa bwino magwiridwe antchito, zovuta zama makina, ndi mtengo wake kutengera zofunikira zapulojekiti.
6. Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi
Mphamvu yamagetsi yosintha nthawi imatulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi. Mphamvu ya radiation imadalira pafupipafupi komanso matalikidwe a mundawo. Kulowererapo kwamagetsi komwe kumapangidwa ndi dera limodzi kumagwira ntchito kumakhudza dera lina. Mwachitsanzo, kusokonekera kwa mawayilesi kumatha kuchititsa kuti airbag iwonongeke. Pofuna kupewa zovuta izi, opanga ma OEM akhazikitsa malire azitsulo zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagulu a ECU.
Pofuna kusunga ma radiation yamagetsi (EMI) mkati mwazoyang'anira, mtundu, topology, kusankha kwa zotumphukira, masanjidwe oyang'anira madera ndi kutchinjiriza kwa DC-DC ndizofunikira kwambiri. Pambuyo pazaka zambiri, opanga ma IC apanga njira zosiyanasiyana zochepetsera EMI. Mgwirizano wamawonekedwe akunja, magwiridwe antchito pafupipafupi kuposa AM modulation frequency band, womangidwa mu MOSFET, ukadaulo wofewetsa, ukadaulo wofalikira, ndi zina zonse mayankho opondereza a EMI omwe adayambitsidwa mzaka zaposachedwa.