Za'a iya raba robobin da za'a iya lalata su a cikin kwayoyi masu lalata halittu da kuma robobi masu lalata man fetur bisa ga tushen kayan aikin su. An yi amfani da su a fannoni da yawa kamar su tebur na yarwa, marufi, aikin gona, motoci, jiyya, masaku, da dai sauransu. Yanzu manyan masana'antun petrochemical na duniya sun tura. Robobi masu lalata halittu suna ƙoƙari su kame damar kasuwa a gaba. Don haka idan abokanmu a masana'antar filastik suna so su sami kaso na masana'antar kayan masarufi, yaya ya kamata mu ci gaba? Yaya za'a banbance tsakanin robobi masu lalacewa da suke lalata halittu? Wadanne sinadarai da fasaha a cikin samfurin samfurin sune mabuɗin, kuma a waɗanne yanayi ne ƙazantar kayan aiki zasu ruɓe don isa matsayin ...

Polypropylene (Polypropylene) abu ne wanda aka yi amfani da shi sosai, wanda ake kira da PP, wanda ke da kyawawan halaye na thermoplastic. Saboda launuka marasa launi, mara wari da kuma marasa cutarwa, a halin yanzu ana amfani dashi azaman filastik mai manufa-mai nauyi. Polypropylene yana da kyakyawan aiki, aminci da rashin cutarwa, ƙananan farashi da sauƙin samin kayan ɗanɗano, kuma samfuran da aka shirya sune haske da abubuwan da basu dace da muhalli. An yi amfani da shi a cikin marufi na samfura, albarkatun ƙasa na sinadarai, sassan motoci, bututun gini da sauran filayen.

1. Gabatarwa ga tsarin samar da kayayyakin polypropylene

A cikin shekarun 1950, bincike ya fara akan fasahar kirkirar polypropylene. Daga hanyar gargajiyar polymerization ta gargajiya da aka fi sani da ita (wanda aka fi sani da hanyar laka) zuwa ingantacciyar hanyar haɓaka polymerization, ya haɓaka zuwa yanayin ruwa na yanzu da yawa da kuma hanyar haɓakar iskar gas. Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka aikin sarrafawa, mafi ƙarancin narkewar polymerization Dokar ba a amfani da ita a cikin masana'antar.

Duk cikin fasahar samar da kayan zamani na polypropylene, samarwar da basell keyi shekara-shekara na polypropylene ya wuce kashi 50% na yawan kayan da ake fitarwa a duniya, akasari ta hanyar amfani da tsarin zamani na polymerization na Spheripol; bugu da kari, an kirkiro da Spherizone polypropylene kira da basell ya fara kuma aka samar dashi. Fasaha, tsarin hada roba na Borstar polypropylene an kirkireshi kuma Borealis ya samar dashi an yi amfani dashi sosai.

1.1 Tsarin Spheripol

Fasahar polypropylene mai Sipripol mai madaukai biyu wacce aka haɓaka kuma aka sanya ta cikin aiki ta hanyar basell ita ce mafi ƙarancin sabon tsarin aikin hada polypropylene. Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin samar da gargajiya, samfuran polypropylene da aka samar sunada inganci da ƙimar fitarwa.

Jimlar ƙarni huɗu na masu haɓaka sun inganta. A halin yanzu, an samar da mahada mai hada polypropylene tare da tsarin madauki biyu, kuma an samar da ire-iren kayayyakin polypropylene masu kyau bisa wannan tsari. Tsarin bututu mai madaukai biyu zai iya samun samfuran polypropylene tare da yin aiki mafi kyau ta hanyar canza matsin lamba a cikin tsarin hadawa, da kuma fahimtar ka'idojin yawan polypropylene macromolecules da tsarin halittar polypropylene macromolecules; mai haɓaka ƙarni na huɗu da aka samo bayan haɓakawa da yawa, Samfurin samfurin polypropylene wanda aka haɓaka yana da tsafta mafi girma, mafi ƙarancin kayan inji, da haɓakar lalacewa mafi girma.

Dangane da amfani da tsarin tasirin bututu mai zobba biyu, aikin samarwa zai iya zama mafi dacewa; an kara matsawar dauki, don haka sinadarin hydrogen a cikin dukkan aikin samarwa ya karu, wanda ke inganta kaddarorin kayayyakin polypropylene zuwa wani fanni; a lokaci guda, bisa kyakkyawan tsarin bututu mai zobba biyu Yana iya samar da ingancin macromolecules mafi ƙarancin inganci da samfuran polypropylene mai ƙarancin inganci, don haka nauyin kewayon kwayar nauyin kayan polypropylene da aka samar yafi girma, kuma polypropylene da aka samu kayayyakin sun fi kama.

Wannan tsarin zai iya inganta canjin zafi tsakanin kayan aikin. Idan aka haɗu tare da masu haɓaka ƙarfe na zamani, kayan polypropylene tare da ingantaccen aiki za'a shirya a nan gaba. Tsarin mai sarrafa madaukai biyu yana inganta ingancin samarwa, yana sanya aikin samarwa ya zama mai sauki da sassauci, kuma zuwa wani matakin yana kara fitowar kayayyakin polypropylene.

1.2 Spherizone tsari

Saboda karuwar bukatar bimodal polypropylene a yanzu, basell ya kirkiro sabon tsarin samarwa. Ana amfani da tsarin Spherizone mafi yawa don samar da polypropylene na bimodal. Babban bidi'a na aikin sarrafawa shine cewa a cikin wannan mai ba da amsa, an raba mai sarrafawa, kuma zazzabi mai saurin aiki, matsin lamba da matsa lamba a cikin kowane yanki mai juyawa ana iya sarrafa shi daban-daban. Circulaaƙƙarfan iskar hydrogen yana yawo a cikin yankin dauki tare da yanayi daban-daban na samarwa da yanayin samar da kayan sarrafawa yayin ci gaba da haɓakar ƙwayoyin polypropylene lokacin da ake hada polypropylene. A gefe guda, ana hada polypropylene ta bimodal tare da kyakkyawan aiki. A gefe guda, samfurin polypropylene da aka samo yana da daidaituwa mafi kyau.

1.3 Tsarin Borstar

Borstar polypropylene kira tsari yana dogara ne akan tsarin hada polypropylene na kamfanin basell Corporation ta Borealis, ya dogara ne akan mahadi mai tsari biyu, kuma an hada gadon mai ruwa mai hade da ruwa a jeri a lokaci guda, don haka samar da polypropylene tare da kyakkyawan aiki . samfurin.

Kafin wannan, duk hanyoyin kirkirar polypropylene suna sarrafa yanayin zafin jiki a kusan 70 ° C don kaucewa haifar da kumfa yayin aikin samarwa da sanya kayayyakin polypropylene su yi kama. Aikin Borstar wanda Borealis ya tsara yana ba da ƙimar zazzabi mafi girma, wanda har ma zai iya ƙimar mahimmancin aikin propylene. Inara yawan zafin jiki kuma yana haɓaka karuwar matsin aiki, kuma kusan babu wasu kumfa a cikin aikin, wanda shine nau'in aikin. Yana da kyakkyawan tsarin kirkirar polypropylene.

Halaye na halin yanzu na tsari an taƙaita su kamar haka: Na farko, aikin kara kuzari ya fi girma; na biyu, ana haɗa mahaɗan gas a jerin a bisa tushen mahaɗa bututu mai sarrafawa biyu, wanda zai iya dacewa da sauƙin sarrafa kwayar halitta da kuma ilimin halittar jikin macromolecule. Na uku, kowane kololuwar da aka samu yayin samar da polypropylene na bimodal na iya cimma matsattsan ƙwayar kwayar halitta, kuma ingancin samfurin bimodal ya fi kyau; na huɗu, yanayin aikin yana ƙaruwa, kuma ana hana ƙwayoyin halittar polypropylene narkewa a cikin Abin da ke faruwa na propylene ba zai haifar da kayayyakin polypropylene ɗin su manne da bangon ciki na reactor ba.

2. Ci gaba a aikace-aikacen polypropylene

An yi amfani da polypropylene (Polypropylene) a fannoni da yawa kamar su kayan marmari, samar da kayan masarufi na yau da kullun, masana'antar kera motoci, kayayyakin gini, kayan aikin likitanci, da sauransu saboda tsarin samfuran sa, kayan aiki masu sauki da sauki, mai sauki, mara inganci -kyakkyawan abubuwa masu haɗari da muhalli. Saboda neman koren rayuwa da akeyi da kuma karin bukatun kare muhalli, polypropylene ya maye gurbin kayan aiki da yawa tare da rashin kyakkyawar muhalli.

2.1 Ci gaban kayayyakin polypropylene don bututu

Random copolymer polypropylene pipe, wanda aka fi sani da PPR, yana ɗayan samfuran polypropylene da ake buƙata a yanzu. Yana da kyawawan kayan inji da ƙarfin juriya mai ƙarfi. Bututun da aka shirya daga gare shi azaman albarkatun ƙasa yana da ƙarfin ƙarfin inji, nauyi mai sauƙi, da juriya da lalacewa. Lalata juriya da kuma dace don kara aiki. Saboda yana iya tsayayya da zazzabi mai zafi da ruwan zafi, yana da tsawon rayuwar sabis bisa ƙimar dubawa, ƙirar samfuri mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali, kuma an yi amfani dashi ko'ina cikin jigilar ruwan sanyi da ruwan zafi.

Saboda daidaitaccen aikinsa, aminci da aminci, da farashi mai ma'ana, an lasafta shi azaman kayan haɗin bututun da aka ba da shawarar ta Ma'aikatar Gine-gine da sauran sassan da suka dace. Ya kamata a hankali ya maye gurbin bututun gargajiya da koren bututu na kare muhalli kamar PPR. A karkashin shirin gwamnati, a yanzu haka ana ci gaba da gina kasata. Fiye da 80% na gidajen suna amfani da koren bututun PPR. Tare da saurin bunkasuwar masana'antar gine-gine na kasar, bukatar bututun PPR shima yana karuwa. Dangane da ƙididdiga, matsakaiciyar buƙatun shekara-shekara kusan 200kt ne.

2.2 Ci gaban kayayyakin polypropylene

Kayayyakin fim suma suna ɗayan mafi yawan buƙatun samfuran polypropylene. Kirkirar fim wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen polypropylene. Dangane da kididdiga, ana amfani da kusan 20% na polypropylene da ake samarwa kowace shekara don samar da fina-finai. Kamar yadda fim din polypropylene ya kasance mai karko kuma mai kawancen muhalli, ana iya amfani dashi a cikin kayan kwalliya iri-iri, kamar kayan inshora iri iri a cikin samfuran daidaito, kuma ana iya amfani dashi a fannoni da yawa kamar kayan gini. Musamman a cikin recentan shekarun nan, an haɓaka kayayyakin fim na polypropylene mai ƙima mafi girma. Misali, ana iya amfani da propylene-ethylene-1-butene ternary copolymer polypropylene fim don yanayin sanyi mai ɗumi-zafin jiki, wanda ke da babbar kasuwa.

Idan aka kwatanta da kayan gargajiya na yau da kullun irin nau'in zinare mai ɗaukar zafi, hakanan zai iya samun ƙarfin inji da ƙarfin juriya. Akwai nau'ikan samfuran fim iri-iri, kuma finafinan wakilci waɗanda suke cikin buƙatun buƙata sune: fim ɗin BOPP mai daidaitaccen ra'ayi, fim ɗin polypropylene da aka yi amfani da shi, ana amfani da finafinan CPP ne don abinci da marufin kayayyakin magunguna, ana amfani da fim na BOPP mafi yawa don kwalliyar samfura samar da kayan kwalliya. Bayanai sun nuna cewa, a halin yanzu kasar Sin na bukatar shigo da kusan 80kt na kayan polypropylene mai kama da fim duk shekara.

2.3 Ci gaban kayayyakin polypropylene don ababen hawa

Bayan an canza shi, kayan polypropylene yana da kyawawan halaye masu sarrafawa, ƙarfin inji mai ƙarfi, kuma yana iya kiyaye aiki mai kyau bayan tasirin da yawa. Ya dace da batun ci gaba na aminci da kiyaye muhalli. Sabili da haka, an yi amfani dashi ko'ina cikin filin mota.

A halin yanzu, ana amfani da kayayyakin polypropylene a sassa daban-daban na motoci kamar su dashbod, kayan ciki, da kuma bumpers. Sababbin kayayyakin polypropylene da aka gyara yanzu sun zama manyan kayayyakin roba don sassan motoci. Musamman, har yanzu akwai babban rata a cikin kayan polypropylene masu ƙarancin ƙarfi, kuma abubuwan ci gaban suna da kyakkyawan fata.

Tare da ci gaba da inganta abubuwan da kasar Sin ke bukata a yanzu game da kera motoci da kuma kara wayar da kan jama'a game da kare muhalli a fannin kera motoci, dole ne ci gaban masana'antar kera motoci ya warware matsalar sake-sakewa da sake amfani da kayayyakin polypropylene don motoci. Manyan matsalolin kayayyakin polypropylene da ake amfani da su a masana'antar kera motoci Saboda rashin wadatattun kayan polypropylene masu inganci, ana bukatar kayayyakin polypropylene su zama kore, abokantaka da muhalli, mara gurbata muhalli, suna da karfin juriya mai zafi, karfin inji mai karfi da chemicalarfafa lalata lalata sinadarai.

A shekarar 2020, kasar Sin za ta aiwatar da ma'aunin "National VI", kuma za a aiwatar da ci gaban motoci masu nauyi. Abubuwan polypropylene suna da tsada da nauyi. Za su sami ƙarin fa'idodi kuma za a yi amfani da su sosai a masana'antar kera motoci.

2.4 Ci gaban kayayyakin polypropylene na likita

Polypropylene roba roba abu ne mai aminci kuma ba mai cutarwa ba, kuma yana da ƙimar kuɗin samarwa, kuma ya fi dacewa da muhalli da amfani. Sabili da haka, yawanci ana amfani dashi a cikin shirye-shiryen kayan aikin likita daban daban waɗanda za'a iya amfani dasu kamar su kayan kwalliyar magani, sirinji, kwalabe masu jiko, safofin hannu, da kuma buɗaɗɗen bututu a cikin kayan aikin likita. Sauya kayan kayan gilashi na gargajiya an samu nasara.

Tare da ƙarin buƙatun jama'a na yanayin kiwon lafiya da ƙara saka hannun jari na China a cikin binciken kimiyya don kayan aikin likitanci, yawan kayayyakin polypropylene a kasuwar likitanci zai ƙaru ƙwarai. Baya ga kera irin wadancan samfuran likitancin masu karancin karfi, ana iya Amfani da shi don shirya kayan koli na likitanci kamar su yadudduka wadanda ba a saka da kayan koda na wucin gadi.

3. Takaitawa

Polypropylene abu ne wanda aka yi amfani da polymer sosai tare da fasahar samar da balagagge, mai sauƙi da sauƙi don samun albarkatun ƙasa, amintattu, marasa guba da samfuran da ba sa tsabtace muhalli. An yi amfani da shi a cikin marufi na samfura, samar da buƙatun yau da kullun, masana'antar kera motoci, kayan gini, kayan aikin likita da sauran fannoni. .

A halin yanzu, yawancin kayan samar da polypropylene, hanyoyin samarwa, da masu kara kuzari a kasar Sin har yanzu suna amfani da fasahar kasashen waje. Ya kamata a hanzarta yin bincike kan kayan samar da polypropylene da tsari, kuma bisa la'akari da ƙwarewar ƙwarewa, ya kamata a tsara ingantaccen tsarin samar da polypropylene. A lokaci guda, ya zama dole a kara zuba jari a binciken kimiyya, bunkasa kayayyakin polypropylene tare da yin aiki mai kyau da karin darajar da aka kara, kuma a inganta ainihin gasa ta kasar Sin.

Manufofin manufofin kare muhalli, aikace-aikacen robobi masu lalacewa a cikin kayan tebur na yarwa, marufi, aikin gona, motoci, kula da lafiya, yadi da sauran fannoni na samar da sabbin damammaki na ci gaban kasuwa.