A farkon wannan shekarar, Vietnam “ba za ta iya jira ba” don ba da sanarwar tattalin arzikinta a bara. Kimanin kashi 7.02% na GDP, 11.29% na haɓakar ƙera masana'antu ... Idan aka duba bayanan, zaku iya jin ƙarfin ƙarfin wannan ƙasa mai tasowa ta kudu maso gabashin Asiya.

Plantsarin tsire-tsire masu ƙera masana'antu, saukowar manyan sunaye, da manufofin haɓaka saka hannun jari na gwamnatin Vietnamese, a hankali sun sanya Vietnam sabuwar "masana'antar duniya" da ma masana'antar sarrafa roba da sarƙoƙin masana'antu masu alaƙa. Sabon tushe.

Zuba jari mai amfani da amfani yana haɓaka haɓakar lambobi biyu a masana'antar robobi

Dangane da bayanan da Hukumar Kula da Kididdiga ta Vietnam ta fitar a baya, ci gaban GDP na Vietnam a shekarar 2019 ya kai 7.02%, sama da 7% a shekara ta biyu a jere. Daga cikin su, haɓakar haɓaka aiki da ƙera masana'antu ya jagoranci manyan masana'antu, tare da haɓakar haɓakar shekara 11.29%. Mahukuntan Vietnam sun bayyana cewa haɓakar masana'antar sarrafawa da masana'antu za ta kai 12% a cikin 2020.

Dangane da shigowa da fitarwa, jimillar shigowa da fitarwa ta Vietnam a shekara ta wuce alamar dala biliyan 500 a karo na farko, ta kai dala biliyan 517, wanda fitar da ita ta kai dala biliyan 263.45, ta samu rarar dala biliyan 9.94. Burin Vietnam na 2020 shine ya kai dala biliyan 300 a cikin jimlar fitarwa.

Bukatar cikin gida tana da ƙarfi ƙwarai, tare da yawan tallace-tallace na kayan masarufi da ya karu da 11.8%, matakin mafi girma tsakanin 2016 da 2019. Dangane da jawo hankalin masu saka jari daga ƙasashen waje, Vietnam ta jawo dala biliyan 38 na babban birnin waje a duk shekara, matakin mafi girma a cikin shekaru 10. Ainihin amfani da kuɗin ƙasashen waje ya kai dala biliyan 20.38, rikodin.

Dukkanin rayuwa suna sakin yanayi mai daɗi, haɗe da fa'idodi na ƙarancin aiki na gari, ƙasa da haraji, da fa'idodi tashar jiragen ruwa, gami da manufofin buɗe Vietnam (Vietnam da sauran ƙasashe da yankuna sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin kasuwanci sama da goma. ). Waɗannan sharuɗɗan sun sa Vietnam ta zama yanki na "ɗankalin turawa mai dadi" a kasuwar Kasashen Kudu maso Gabas

Yawancin masu saka hannun jari na ƙasashen waje za su mai da hankali kan Vietnam, wanda shine wuri mai zafi don saka hannun jari. Manyan kasashe kamar Nike, Adidas, Foxconn, Samsung, Canon, LG, da Sony sun shigo wannan kasar.

Kasuwancin saka jari da kasuwar masu amfani sun haifar da ci gaba mai ƙarfi na masana'antun masana'antu daban-daban. Daga cikinsu, wasan kwaikwayon masana'antar filastik da masana'antun masana'antu shine sananne musamman. A cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, matsakaicin ci gaban shekara-shekara na masana'antar robobi na Vietnam ya kasance kusan 10-15%.

Babban buƙatar shigarwa don albarkatun ƙasa da kayan aikin fasaha

Masana'antar masana'antu ta Vietnam tana haɓaka babbar buƙata don albarkatun roba, amma buƙatun ɗanyen Vietnam na cikin gida yana da iyaka, saboda haka ya dogara da yawa daga shigo da kayayyaki. A cewar Associationungiyar Plastics ta Vietnam (Pungiyar Plastics ta Vietnam), masana'antun robobi na ƙasar suna buƙatar matsakaicin kayan albarkatu zuwa miliyan 2 zuwa 2.5 a kowace shekara, amma kashi 75% zuwa 80% na albarkatun sun dogara ga shigo da kayayyaki.

Dangane da kayan aikin fasaha, tunda yawancin kamfanonin robobi na gida a Vietnam ƙananan masana'antu ne masu matsakaita, suna kuma dogaro musamman kan shigo da kayayyaki ta fuskar fasaha da kayan aiki. Saboda haka, akwai babbar kasuwa don shigar da kayan aikin fasaha.

Yawancin kamfanonin injuna da kayan aiki, kamar su masana'antun kera injuna na filastik kamar Haitian, Yizumi, Bochuang, Jinwei, da sauransu, a jere suna kafa wuraren samar da kayayyaki, rumbunan adana kayayyaki, rassa, da wuraren hidimar bayan-tallace-tallace a cikin yankin, suna cin riba. na karamin farashi. A gefe guda, zai iya biyan bukatun kasuwar gida na kusa.

Masana'antar kwalliyar roba na haifar da babbar damar kasuwanci

Vietnam tana da fa'idodi da yawa a cikin masana'antun masana'antun filastik, kamar ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na injunan ƙasashen waje, kayan aiki da masu samar da kayayyaki. A lokaci guda, saboda ci gaba da yawan amfani da filastik a kowace rana a cikin Vietnam, kasuwar marufin filastik ta cikin gida ita ma ana da buƙata.

A halin yanzu, kamfanoni daga Thailand, Koriya ta Kudu da Japan suna da kashi 90% na kasuwar tallan filastik ta Vietnam. Suna da fasaha mai ci gaba, tsada da fa'idodin kasuwar fitarwa ta samfura. Dangane da wannan, kamfanonin hada-hadar kwalliya na kasar Sin suna bukatar fahimtar cikakkun damarmakin kasuwa, da inganta fasahohi da inganci, da kuma kokarin samun kaso daga kasuwar kayan kwalliyar Vietnam.

Dangane da fitowar kayan marufi, Amurka da Japan suna da kashi 60% da 15% na fitattun kwantena filastik na Vietnam bi da bi. Sabili da haka, shiga kasuwar kwastomomi ta Vietnam yana nufin samun damar shiga tsarin masu samar da marufi kamar Amurka da Japan.

Bugu da kari, kamfanonin Vietnamese na cikin gida ba su balaga ba a cikin fasahar kwalliya don saduwa da karuwar bukatun masu amfani da su, don haka akwai babbar kasuwa don shigar da kayan kwalliyar. Misali, masu saye sun fi son zaɓar kwalliya mai inganci da aiki da yawa don adana abinci, amma companiesan ƙananan kamfanonin cikin gida ne kawai zasu iya yin irin waɗannan kayayyakin kayayyakin.

Dauki kwalin madara a matsayin misali. A halin yanzu, kamfanonin ƙasar waje ne ke ba da shi. Bugu da kari, Vietnam ma ta dogara ne da kamfanonin kasashen waje wajen kera jakunkuna na PE wadanda ba za a iya lalata su ba. Waɗannan duk nasarori ne ga kamfanonin kwalliyar Sinawa don yankewa cikin kasuwar filastik ta Vietnam.

A lokaci guda, EU da Japan na buƙatar shigar da filastik har yanzu yana da yawa, kuma abokan ciniki suna ƙara zaɓar samfuran filastik daga Vietnam. A watan Yunin 2019, Vietnam da EU sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar cinikayya maras shinge (EVFTA), tare da share fagen rage harajin 99% tsakanin EU da kasashen Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, wanda zai samar da dama don inganta fitar da kwalin roba zuwa kasuwar Turai.

Hakanan yana da kyau a faɗi cewa a ƙarƙashin sabon yanayin tattalin arziƙin, fasahohin marufi na kore masu zuwa, musamman fasahar keɓe makamashi da rage fitarwa, zai zama sananne. Ga kamfanonin kwalliyar filastik, wannan babbar dama ce.

Kula da sharar gida ya zama babbar hanyar ci gaba

Vietnam tana samar da tan miliyan 13 na ƙazamar shara a kowace shekara, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe biyar da ke samar da mafi ƙazantar shara. Dangane da Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Vietnam, adadin shara na birni da aka samar a cikin ƙasar yana ƙaruwa da 10-16% kowace shekara.

Yayin da Vietnam ke hanzarta aiwatar da masana'antu da biranen birni, haɗe da gine-ginen da ba su dace ba da kula da wuraren zubar da shara na Vietnam, samar da ƙazamar ƙazamar ƙazamar ci gaba yana ƙaruwa. A halin yanzu, kusan kashi 85% na ɓarnar Vietnam an binne kai tsaye a wuraren shara ba tare da magani ba, 80% daga cikinsu ba su da tsabta kuma suna haifar da gurɓatar muhalli. Saboda haka, Vietnam cikin gaggawa tana buƙatar ingantaccen kula da sharar gida. A Vietnam, saka hannun jari a cikin masana'antar sarrafa shara yana ƙaruwa.

Don haka, wace damar kasuwanci masana'antar masana'antar sarrafa shara ta Vietnam ta ƙunsa?

Na farko, akwai buƙatar sake amfani da fasaha. Yawancin kamfanonin sake sarrafawa da sake yin amfani da su a cikin Vietnam kasuwancin dangi ne ko ƙananan kamfanoni masu fasahar zamani. A halin yanzu, yawancin kamfanoni mallakar ƙasa suma suna amfani da fasahar ƙasashen waje, kuma ƙananan companiesan manyan kamfanonin ƙasa da ke da rassa a Vietnam suna da nasu fasaha. Yawancin masu samar da fasahar sarrafa shara sun fito ne daga Singapore, China, Amurka da kasashen Turai.

A lokaci guda, yawan amfani da fasahar sake amfani da su a Vietnam har yanzu yana ƙasa, galibi yana mai da hankali kan samfuran kayan masarufi. Akwai wuri da yawa don bincike a cikin kasuwar sake amfani da ita da sauran nau'ikan samfuran.

Bugu da kari, tare da ci gaba da karuwa a cikin ayyukan tattalin arziki da haramcin barnatar da kasar Sin, Vietnam ta zama daya daga cikin manyan kasashe hudu da ke fitar da shara a Amurka. Ana buƙatar sarrafa babban adadin shara na filastik, wanda ke buƙatar fasahohin gudanarwa masu tasiri.

Dangane da kula da filastik na shara, sake amfani da shi azaman buƙata ce ta gaggawa a cikin kulawar ɓarnar Vietnam kuma ingantaccen zaɓi don rage sharar shigar da shara.

Hakanan gwamnatin Vietnamese tana maraba da ayyukan kasuwanci na sarrafa filastik iri-iri kuma tana taka rawa a ciki. Gwamnati tana yin gwaji sosai tare da sabbin dabaru iri daban-daban na sarrafa shara, kamar karfafa bincike da bunkasa fasahohin da ke amfani da kuzari don yin amfani da shara da canza shi zuwa albarkatu masu amfani, wanda ke kara inganta mahimmancin kula da shara da kuma kirkira damar kasuwanci don saka jari na waje.

Hakanan gwamnatin Vietnamese tana haɓaka manufofin kula da sharar gida. Misali, kirkirar Dabarun Gudanar da Sharar Kasa na samar da cikakken tsarin kafa tattalin arzikin mai zagaye. Manufar ita ce a cimma cikakkiyar tarin shara a shekara ta 2025. Wannan zai kawo jagorancin manufofi ga masana'antar sake sarrafawa da kuma kore ta. cin gaban.

Har ila yau, ya kamata a faɗi cewa manyan kamfanonin duniya suma sun haɗa ƙarfi don inganta ci gaban tattalin arziƙin Vietnam. Misali, a watan Yunin 2019, sanannun kamfanoni tara a cikin kayayyakin masarufi da masana'antun marufi sun kirkiro kungiyar sake sarrafa buhu (PRO Vietnam) a Vietnam, da niyyar inganta tattalin arzikin mai zagaye da inganta dacewa da dorewar sake yin kwalliyar.

Membobi tara na wannan kawancen sune Coca-Cola, FrieslandCampina, La Vie, Nestle, NutiFood, Suntory Pepsi, Tetra Pak, TH Group da URC. PRO Vietnam shine farkon lokacin da waɗannan kamfanonin takwarorinsu suka haɗa kai a Vietnam kuma suna aiki tare don inganta yanayin Vietnam.

Organizationungiyar ta inganta sake amfani da abubuwa ta hanyar manyan matakai guda huɗu, kamar faɗakar da wayar da kai game da sake amfani da su, inganta haɓakar yanayin tattara kayan shara, tallafawa ayyukan sake sarrafa abubuwa na sarrafawa da sarrafawa, da kuma haɗa kai da gwamnati don inganta ayyukan sake amfani da kayayyaki, ƙirƙirar marufin mabukata sake kasuwancin kasuwanci ga mutane da kamfanoni, da dai sauransu.

Membobin PRO Vietnam suna fatan tattarawa, sake sarrafawa, da sake amfani da duk kayan marufin da membobinsu suka sanya a kasuwa kafin 2030.

Dukkanin abubuwan da ke sama sun kawo mahimmanci ga masana'antar sarrafa filastik sharar gida, sun inganta daidaito, sikeli da dorewar masana'antar, don haka sun kawo damar bunkasa kasuwanci ga masana'antu.

Wani ɓangare na bayanan da ke cikin wannan labarin an tattara su daga Hongungiyar Kasuwanci na Hong Kong a Vietnam.