Pakutanga kwegore rino, Vietnam "haigone kumirira" kuzivisa mashandiro ayo ehupfumi gore rapfuura. 7.02% GDP yekukura mwero, 11.29% yekugadzira yekukura mwero ... Ukangotarisa iyo data, unogona kunzwa simba rakasimba reiyi nyika yekuSoutheast Asia iri kusimukira.

Zvakawanda uye zvirimwa zvekugadzira, zvinowedzera uye zvine mazita makuru kumhara, uye inoshingairira kusimudzira kusimudzira marongero ehurumende yeVietnam, zvishoma nezvishoma zvakaita Vietnam ive "fekitori yenyika" nyowani uye indasitiri yekugadzira epurasitiki nemaketani ane hukama. New base.

Inoshanda yekudyara uye yekushandisa dhiraivha mbiri-manhamba kukura mune epurasitiki indasitiri

Sekureva kwedata rakaburitswa kare neVietnam General Administration yeStatistics, kukura kweGDP kweVietnam mu2019 kwakasvika 7.02%, ichidarika 7% yegore rechipiri rakateedzana. Pakati pavo, kukura kwehuwandu hwekugadzirisa uye kugadzira kwakatungamira iwo maindasitiri makuru, iine huwandu hwekukura pagore hwe11.29%. Vakuru veVietnam vakataura kuti mwero wekukura weindasitiri yekugadzirisa neyokugadzira inosvika ku12% muna 2020.

Panyaya yezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, kunze kwenyika uye kutengeswa kwenyika kweVietnam kwegore rakapfuura US $ 500 bhiriyoni mucherechedzo kekutanga, ichisvika US $ 517 bhiriyoni, iyo yekutengesa yaisvika US $ 263.45 bhiriyoni, ichiwana huwandu hweUS $ 9.94 bhiriyoni. Vietnam's 2020 chinangwa ndechekusvika mazana matatu emamiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica mukutengesa kunze kwenyika.

Zvemumba kudiwa zvakare kwakasimba kwazvo, nekutengesa kwevatengesi zvinhu zvevatengi kuri kuwedzera ne11.8%, chikamu chepamusoro pakati pegore ra2016 na2019. Panyaya yekukwezva kudyara kwekunze, Vietnam yakwezva makumi matatu nemasere emadhora ekuAmerica emari yekune dzimwe nyika mukati megore rose, chikamu chepamusoro mumakore gumi. Iko kushandiswa chaiko kwemari yekune dzimwe nyika yaive 20.38 bhiriyoni emadhora eUS, rekodhi.

Mafambiro ese ehupenyu anosunungura mweya une hupenyu, pamwe nezvakanaka zvevashandi vepasi, ivhu nemitero, uye zvakanakira chiteshi, pamwe nemutemo wekuvhura kweVietnam (Vietnam nedzimwe nyika nematunhu dzakasaina zvibvumirano zvinopfuura gumi nemaviri zvemahara zvekutengeserana. ). Aya mamiriro akakurudzira Vietnam Ive chidimbu che "sweet potato" mumusika weSoutheast Asia.

Vazhinji vatengesi vekunze vachatarisa kuVietnam, inova nzvimbo inopisa yekudyara. Hofori dzemarudzi mazhinji dzakadai seNike, Adidas, Foxconn, Samsung, Canon, LG, uye Sony vapinda munyika ino.

Iko kushandira kwekudyara uye musika wevatengi kwakatungamira kusimudzira kwakasimba kwemaindasitiri akasiyana ekugadzira. Pakati pavo, mashandiro epurasitiki yekugadzira uye yekugadzira indasitiri inonyanya kuzivikanwa. Mumakore gumi apfuura, avhareji yegore yekukura kweiyo indasitiri yeVietnamese epurasitiki yakaramba iri panenge gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu muzana.

Yakakura yekuisa yekuda yezvinhu zvakagadzirwa uye hwokugadzira michina

Indasitiri iri kuwedzera yekuVietnam yaendesa kudiwa kukuru kwepurasitiki mbishi, asi kudiwa kweVietnam kwemuno mbishi kwezvinhu kune mashoma, saka zvinoenderana zvakanyanya nekutenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika. Sekureva kweVietnam Plastics Association (Vietnam Plastics Association), indasitiri yemapurasitiki emunyika inoda avhareji yemamiriyoni maviri kusvika ku2,5 ezvigadzirwa pagore, asi 75% kusvika 80% yezvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvinoenderana nekutenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika.

Panyaya yemidziyo yehunyanzvi, sezvo mazhinji emakambani epurasitiki epamhepo muVietnam ari madiki uye epakati-emabhizimusi emabhizinesi, vanovimbawo zvakanyanya nekutenga zvinhu maererano nehunyanzvi nemidziyo. Naizvozvo, pane musika wakakura wekuda kwehunyanzvi michina yekuisa.

Makambani mazhinji emuchina nemidziyo, akadai seChinese epurasitiki vagadziri vemuchina seHaiti, Yizumi, Bochuang, Jinwei, nezvimwewo, zvakateedzana kumisikidza zvigadziko zvekugadzira, matura ekuchengetera, makambani, uye epashure-pekutengesa masevhisi munzvimbo yemuno, kutora mukana zvemutengo wakaderera. Kune rimwe divi, inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemusika uri pedyo.

Iyo epurasitiki yekurongedza indasitiri inobereka yakakura mikana yebhizinesi

Vietnam ine zvakawanda zvakanakira mupurasitiki yekupakata indasitiri, senge yakasimba kutora chikamu kwekunze michina, zvishandiso uye zvigadzirwa vatengesi. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwekuwedzera kuri kuenderera kwemumwe munhu wepurasitiki anoshandiswa muVietnam, musika wepurasitiki wepurasitiki wemusika zvakare uri mukuda kukuru.

Parizvino, makambani anobva kuThailand, South Korea neJapan account ye90% yeVietnam yemapurasitiki ekupakisa musika. Ivo vane advanced tekinoroji, mutengo uye chigadzirwa kunze kwenyika zvakanakira. Panyaya iyi, maChinese ekurongedza makambani anofanirwa kubata zvizere mikana yemusika, kuvandudza tekinoroji uye mhando, uye kuyedza kuwana mugove weVietnamese kurongedza musika.

Panyaya yekupakira chigadzirwa kuburitsa, United States neJapan account ye60% uye 15% yeVietnam yepurasitiki yekuisa kunze kwenyika zvichiteerana. Naizvozvo, kupinda mumusika wekupakira weVietnam zvinoreva kuva nemukana wekupinda mupaketi yekutengesa sisitimu seUnited States neJapan.

Uye zvakare, makambani eVietnam emuno haana kukura zvakakwana muhutekinoroji tekinoroji kuzadzisa izvo zvinogara zvichiwedzera zvinodiwa nevatengi, saka pane musika wakakura wekuda kwekuisa kweyekutakura tekinoroji. Semuenzaniso, vatengi vari kuramba vachisarudza kusarudza yepamusoro uye yakawanda-inoshanda kurongedza kuchengetedza chikafu, asi makambani emuno mashoma ndiwo anogona kuita mhando iyi yekupakata zvigadzirwa.

Tora mukaka kurongedza semuenzaniso. Parizvino, inonyanya kupihwa nemakambani ekunze. Uye zvakare, Vietnam zvakare inowanzoenderana nemakambani ekunze mukugadzirwa kwemasaga emapepa ePE asingabvumike kana mabhegi e zipi. Aya ese mabudiro emakambani eChinese ekurongedza kucheka mumusika wepurasitiki weVietnam.

Panguva imwecheteyo, EU neJapan yekumisikidza kudhizaini ichiri yakakwira, uye vatengi vari kuwedzera kusarudza zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki kubva kuVietnam. Muna Chikumi 2019, Vietnam neEU vakasainirana chibvumirano chekudyidzana (EVFTA), ichivhurira nzira 99% yemitero pakati peEU nenyika dzekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia, izvo zvichagadzira mikana yekusimudzira kuendesa kunze kwepurasitiki kupurazi kumusika weEuropean.

Izvo zvakakoshawo kutaura kuti pasi peiyo nyowani nyowani yedenderedzwa hupfumi, ramangwana girazi rekurongedza matekinoroji, kunyanya simba rekuchengetedza uye emission kudzikisira matekinoroji, ichave inonyanya kufarirwa. Kune epurasitiki ekurongedza makambani, uyu mukana wakakura.

Kutakura marara kunova musika wekuvandudza

Vietnam inogadzira angangoita mamirioni gumi nematatu ematani emarara akasimba gore rega rega, uye iri imwe yenyika shanu inogadzira tsvina yakasimba. Sekureva kweVietnam Environmental Administration, huwandu hwenzvimbo yematunhu yakasimba inogadzirwa munyika iri kuwedzera ne10-16% gore rega rega.

Sezvo Vietnam ichimhanyisa maitiro ekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri pamwe nekugara mumadhorobha, pamwe nekuvaka zvisina kukodzera uye manejimendi yeVietnamese landfills, kugadzirwa kwemarara ane njodzi kwakasimba kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera. Parizvino, dzinosvika 85% yemarara eVietnam akavigwa zvakaringana munzvimbo dzekurasa marara pasina kurapwa, 80% yadzo isina hutsanana uye inokonzeresa kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Naizvozvo, Vietnam inokurumidza inoda inoshanda marara manejimendi. MuVietnam, kudyara muindasitiri yekuchengetedza marara kuri kuwedzera.

Saka, ndedzipi mikana dzebhizimusi idzo musika unoda yeVietnam indasitiri yekugadzirisa marara?

Kutanga, pane kudiwa kwekushandisa zvakare tekinoroji. Mazhinji emakambani emuno ekudzokorora uye ekudzokorora muVietnam mabhizimusi emhuri kana mabhizinesi madiki ane hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi. Parizvino, makambani mazhinji ehurumende anoshandisawo tekinoroji yekunze, uye mashoma chete makambani makuru epasi rese ane subsidiaries muVietnam vane hunyanzvi hwavo. Mazhinji matekinoroji ekuchengetedza matekinoroji anobva kuSingapore, China, United States nenyika dzeEurope.

Panguva imwecheteyo, mwero wekushandisa kwetekinoroji yekushandisa zvakare muVietnam ichiri yakaderera, kunyanya ichitarisa pazvigadzirwa zvehardware. Pane nzvimbo yakawanda yekutsvaga mumusika wekudzokorodza nekudzokorora wemamwe marudzi ezvigadzirwa.

Pamusoro pezvo, nekuwedzera kuri kuramba kuchiitika mune zvehupfumi pamwe nekurambidzwa kwemarara kweChina, Vietnam yazova mumwe wevatengesi vakuru vemarara epurasitiki muUnited States. Iyo hombe yakawanda yemarara epurasitiki inoda kugadziriswa, iyo inoda matekinoroji akasiyana ekugadzirisa.

Panyaya yemarara epurasitiki manejimendi, marara anoonekwa sechinhu chinokurumidza mukugadziriswa kwemarara muVietnam uye nesarudzo inoshanda yekudzora marara anopinda mumatope.

Hurumende yeVietnam inogamuchirawo akasiyana marara epurasitiki manejimendi zviitiko zvebhizinesi uye anoshingairira kutora chikamu mazviri. Hurumende iri kushingairira kuyedza nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekugadzirisa marara akasimba, sekukurudzira kutsvagisa nekusimudzira matekinoroji emagetsi kushandisa simba zvizere kushandisa marara nekuashandura kuita zviwanikwa, izvo zvinowedzera kusimudzira simba rekuchengetedza marara uye kugadzira mikana yebhizinesi yekudyara kwekunze.

Hurumende yeVietnamese zvakare inokurudzira kusimudzira marongero ekurasa marara. Semuenzaniso, kuumbwa kweNational Waste Management Strategy kunopa hwaro hwakadzama hwekugadzwa kwehupfumi hwedenderedzwa. Chinangwa ndechekuwana zvakakwana marara ekuunganidzwa na2025. Izvi zvinounza nhungamiro kumatongerwo emabhizimusi ekugadzirisazve uye kuatyaira. kuvandudzwa kwe.

Izvo zvakakoshawo kutaura kuti makuru makuru epasirese mabhurani akabatanawo nemauto kusimudzira kusimudzira kweedenderedzwa hupfumi muVietnam. Semuenzaniso, muna Chikumi 2019, makambani mapfumbamwe anozivikanwa muzvinhu zvevatengi uye maindasitiri ekuputira akaumba sangano rekurongedza zvakare (PRO Vietnam) muVietnam, vachida kusimudzira hupfumi hwedenderedzwa nekuvandudza iko kusimba uye kugadzikana kwekurongedza zvakare.

Nhengo pfumbamwe dzakavamba mubatanidzwa uyu ndiCoca-Cola, FrieslandCampina, La Vie, Nestle, NutiFood, Suntory Pepsi, Tetra Pak, TH Boka uye URC. PRO Vietnam inoratidza nguva yekutanga kuti makambani ezvezera iri vashande pamwe muVietnam uye vari kushanda pamwechete kugadzirisa nharaunda muVietnam.

Sangano rinokurudzira kudzokororazve kuburikidza nezviyero zvina zvakakura, senge kuwedzera ruzivo rwekushandisazve, kusimudzira marara ekuunganidza marara, kutsigira mapurojekiti ekushandisazve mapurosesa nevashandisi, uye kushanda pamwe nehurumende kusimudzira zviitiko zvekushandisazve, kugadzira post-mutengi kurongedza marasha mikana yebhizinesi kune vamwe vanhu uye makambani, nezvimwe.

VEMA nhengo dzeVietnam vanotarisira kuunganidza, kudzokororazve, uye kudzoreredza zvese zvigadzirwa zvekupakira izvo nhengo dzavo dzinoisa pamusika na2030.

Zvese zviri pamusoro zvaunza hutano kumarara epurasitiki manejimendi indasitiri, yakasimudzira kusimudzira, kuyera uye kuenderera kweindasitiri, uye nekudaro yakaunza mikana yekuvandudza mabhizinesi emakambani.

Chikamu cheruzivo muchinyorwa chino chakanyorwa kubva kuHong Kong Chamber of Commerce muVietnam.