1. Inkomoko y'ijambo "resin"

Plastike ni ibikoresho bifite polymer ndende nkibice byingenzi. Igizwe na resinike yubukorikori hamwe nuwuzuza, plasitike, stabilisateur, amavuta, pigment nibindi byongerwaho. Ari mumazi mugihe cyo gukora no gutunganya kugirango byoroherezwe kwerekana, Itanga imiterere ihamye mugihe gutunganya birangiye. Ibintu nyamukuru bigize plastike ni resinike. Ibisigarira byitirirwa lipide isohorwa ninyamaswa n'ibimera, nka rosine, shellac, nibindi. Ibisigarira bya sintetike (rimwe na rimwe byitwa "resin") bivuga polimeri-molekile nyinshi itavanze ninyongeramusaruro zitandukanye. Ibisigarira bingana na 40% kugeza 100% byuburemere bwa plastiki. Ibintu byibanze bya plastiki bigenwa cyane cyane nimiterere ya resin, ariko inyongeramusaruro nazo zigira uruhare runini.

2. Kuki plastiki igomba guhinduka?

Ibyo bita "guhindura plastike" bivuga uburyo bwo kongeramo kimwe cyangwa byinshi mubindi bikoresho bya plastiki kugirango uhindure imikorere yumwimerere, utezimbere kimwe cyangwa byinshi, bityo ugere ku ntego yo kwagura ibikorwa byayo. Ibikoresho bya pulasitike byahinduwe byitwa "plastiki yahinduwe".

Kugeza ubu, ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’inganda z’imiti ya plastiki byahujije ibikoresho ibihumbi bya polymer, muri byo birenga 100 gusa bifite agaciro k’inganda. Kurenga 90% byibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mubikoresho bya plastiki byibanda mubisigazwa bitanu rusange (PE, PP, PVC, PS, ABS) Kugeza ubu, biragoye cyane gukomeza guhuza umubare munini wibikoresho bishya bya polymer, bikaba bidafite ubukungu cyangwa ibintu bifatika.

Kubwibyo, ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwerekana isano iri hagati yimiterere ya polymer, imiterere nimikorere, no guhindura plastiki zihari hashingiwe kuri ibyo, kugirango habeho ibikoresho bishya bya pulasitiki, byabaye bumwe muburyo bwiza bwo guteza imbere inganda za plastiki. Inganda za plastiki zishingiye ku mibonano mpuzabitsina nazo zageze ku iterambere ryinshi mu myaka yashize.

Guhindura plastike bivuga guhindura imiterere yibikoresho bya pulasitike mu cyerekezo giteganijwe n'abantu binyuze mumubiri, imiti cyangwa uburyo bwombi, cyangwa kugabanya cyane ibiciro, cyangwa kunoza imitungo runaka, cyangwa gutanga plastike Imikorere mishya yibikoresho. Igikorwa cyo guhindura gishobora kubaho mugihe cya polymerizasique ya resinike ya sintetike, ni ukuvuga guhindura imiti, nka copolymerisation, gushushanya, guhuza, nibindi, birashobora kandi gukorwa mugihe cyo gutunganya resinike ya sintetike, ni ukuvuga guhindura umubiri, nka kuzuza no gufatanya na polymerizasiyo. Kuvanga, kuzamura, nibindi. Subiza kuri "plastike yahinduwe" kugirango ubone byinshi

3. Ni ubuhe buryo bwo guhindura plastike?

1. Hariho uburyo bukurikira bwo guhindura plastike:

1) Gushimangira: Intego yo kongera ubukana nimbaraga zibikoresho bigerwaho hiyongereyeho fibrous cyangwa flake yuzuza nka fibre yikirahure, fibre karubone, nifu ya mika, nka fibre fibre ikomeza nylon ikoreshwa mubikoresho byamashanyarazi.

2) Gukomera: Intego yo kunoza ubukana / ingaruka zingufu za plastike igerwaho hiyongereyeho reberi, elastomeri ya thermoplastique nibindi bintu kuri plastiki, nka polypropilene ikaze ikoreshwa mumamodoka, ibikoresho byo murugo no gukoresha inganda.

3) Kuvanga: kuvanga kimwe ibikoresho bibiri cyangwa byinshi bituzuye byuzuye bya polymer mubikoresho bya macro-bihuza na micro-fase yatandukanijwe kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa bimwe mubijyanye numubiri wumubiri nubukanishi, ibintu bya optique, hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya. Uburyo bukenewe.

4) Amavuta: asa no kuvanga, ariko hamwe no guhuza neza hagati yibigize, biroroshye gukora sisitemu imwe, kandi imitungo imwe nimwe idashobora kugerwaho nigice kimwe, nka PC / ABS alloy, cyangwa PS yahinduwe PPO, irashobora kuba yabonetse.

5) Kuzuza: Intego yo kuzamura imiterere yumubiri nubukanishi cyangwa kugabanya ibiciro bigerwaho hongerwaho ibyuzuye muri plastiki.

6) Ibindi byahinduwe: nko gukoresha ibyuma byuzuza kugirango bigabanye amashanyarazi ya plastike; kongeramo antioxydants / stabilisateur yumucyo kugirango irusheho guhangana nikirere cyibikoresho; kongeramo pigment / amarangi kugirango uhindure ibara ryibikoresho, no kongeramo amavuta yimbere / yo hanze kugirango akore ibikoresho Gutunganya imikorere ya plastike ya kirisiti ya kirisiti iratera imbere, agent nucleating ikoreshwa muguhindura ibiranga kristaline ya igice cya kirisiti ya kirisiti kugirango itezimbere imiterere ya optique, nibindi.

Usibye uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru bwo guhindura umubiri, hari nuburyo bwo guhindura plastike hakoreshejwe imiti kugirango ibone ibintu byihariye, nka anhydride ya manicide ya polyolefin, guhuza polyethylene, no gukoresha peroxide mu nganda z’imyenda. Gutesha agaciro resin kugirango utezimbere ibintu bya fibre / fibre-fibre, nibindi. . Hariho ibintu byinshi bitandukanye.

Inganda zikunze gukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo guhindura hamwe, nko kongeramo reberi nizindi mikorere ikaze mugikorwa cyo guhindura plastike yo kongera imbaraga kugirango idatakaza imbaraga zingaruka nyinshi; cyangwa kuvanga kumubiri mubikorwa bya thermoplastique vulcanizates (TPV) Kandi imiti ihuza imiti, nibindi ...

Mubyukuri, ibikoresho byose bya pulasitiki birimo byibuze igice runaka cya stabilisateur iyo kiva muruganda kugirango birinde kwangirika mugihe cyo kubika, gutwara no gutunganya. Kubwibyo, "plastiki idahinduwe" muburyo bukomeye ntabwo ibaho. Nyamara, mu nganda, ibisigazwa by’ibanze bikorerwa mu bimera by’imiti bakunze kwita "plastiki idahinduwe" cyangwa "resin nziza."