Unikezelo lombane olungxamisekileyo lokuhambisa umbane sisibonelelo esisebenza ngombane esisebenza ngemithwalo esenzelwe abathandi bemoto kunye noosomashishini abaqhuba nabahambahambayo. Umsebenzi weempawu zayo kukuqalisa imoto xa iphulukana nombane okanye ingenakuyiqala imoto ngezinye izizathu. Kwangelo xesha, impompo yomoya idityaniswe nokunikezelwa kwamandla kaxakeka, ukukhanya kwangaphandle kunye neminye imisebenzi, eyenye yeemveliso ezibalulekileyo zohambo lwangaphandle.
Amandla okuqala okungxamisekileyo kwemoto: Ukuqala kweMoto
Izicelo zobomi: iimoto, iifowuni eziphathwayo, iincwadi zeencwadana
Iimpawu zemveliso: Ukukhanya okumhlophe okuqaqambileyo okumhlophe kwe-LED
Izinto eziluncedo: ukukhutshwa okuphezulu, ukurisayikilisha, ukuhambisa
Uhlobo lwebhetri: ibhetri ekhokelayo-asidi, ibhetri ejijekayo, ibhetri ye-lithium ion
Intshayelelo emfutshane yokuhanjiswa kwamandla emoto:
Umxholo woyilo lwezixhobo ezingxamisekileyo zokuhambisa umbane kulula ukusebenza, kulula ukuwuthwala, kwaye ukwazi ukuphendula kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zongxamiseko. Okwangoku, zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zokunikezelwa kwamandla okungxamisekileyo kweemoto kwimarike, enye iluhlobo lwebhetri ye-lead-acid, kwaye enye iluhlobo lwe-lithium polymer.
Uhlobo lwebhetri ye-asidi ekhokelayo yonikezelo lwamandla olungxamisekileyo lwemoto luqhelekile.Isebenzisa iibhetri ezinesondlo-ezingenasiphelo, ezinobukhulu obukhulu ngokomthamo kunye nomthamo, kunye namandla ebhetri ahambelanayo kunye nokuqala kwangoku kuya kuba nkulu kakhulu. Iimveliso ezinjalo zixhotyiswe ngempompo yomoya, kwaye zinemisebenzi enjengokugqithisa, ukugcwalisa ngaphezulu, ukugcwalisa ngaphezulu, kunye nokubuyisela umva kukhuseleko lokubonisa, olunokuthi lubize iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zekhompyuter, kwaye ezinye iimveliso zinemisebenzi efana ne-inverters.
I-lithium polymer engxamisekileyo yokuqalisa kokubonelela ngombane kweemoto zihamba kakuhle.Iyimveliso esele ivelile kutshanje.Iyakhanya ngokobunzima kwaye inobungakanani obukhulu kwaye inokulawulwa ngesandla esinye. Olu hlobo lwemveliso ngokubanzi aluxhotywanga ngempompo yomoya, inomsebenzi wokuvala umsebenzi ongaphezulu, kwaye inemisebenzi yokukhanyisa enamandla, enokubonelela ngombane kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo zombane. Ukukhanya kolu hlobo lwemveliso ngokubanzi kunomsebenzi wokudanyaza okanye ukukhanya kwe-SOS ekukukhanya komqondiso wokuhlangula we-LED, osebenza ngakumbi.
Isicelo sobomi:
1. Iimoto: Zininzi iindidi zamanzi aqala nge-lead-acid ukuqala kwemoto, uluhlu oluyi-350-1000 amperes, kwaye ubuninzi beemoto zokuqalisa ze-lithium polymer kufuneka zibe ngama-300-400 amperes. Ukubonelela ngokulula, unikezelo lombane olungxamisekileyo lwemoto luhlangene, luyaphatheka kwaye luhlala ixesha elide.Ngumncedisi olungileyo wokuqalisa okungxamisekileyo kwemoto.Lunokubonelela ngokuqalisa kwamandla okuncedisa kwizithuthi ezininzi kunye nenani elincinci leenqanawa. isetyenziswe njengombane ophathwayo we-12V DC ukulungiselela imoto. Isetyenziswa kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.
2. Incwadana yokubhalela: Ukubonelela ngombane wemoto ngemisebenzi engxamisekileyo kunombane we-19V, onokuthi ubonelele ngombane ozinzileyo wamandla kwincwadi yokubhalela ukuqinisekisa ukuba abanye abantu beshishini bayaphuma.Ubomi bebhetri umsebenzi wenqaku lencwadi unciphisa imeko echaphazela Ngokubanzi, iibhetri zepolymer ezingama-12000 mAh kufanelekile ukubonelela ngemizuzu engama-240 yobomi bebhetri kwincwadana yokubhalela.
3. Ifowuni ephathekayo: Ukunikezelwa kwamandla okuqala kwemoto kufakwe umbane we-5V, oxhasa ubomi bebhetri kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla kwizixhobo ezininzi zokuzonwabisa ezifana neefowuni eziphathwayo, iPAD, iMP3, njl.
4. Ixabiso lentengo: lixhotyiswe ngempompo yomoya kunye neentlobo ezintathu zemibhobho yomoya, enokunyusa amavili emoto, iivelufa zokunyuka kwamaxabiso, kunye neebhola ezahlukeneyo.
Iintlobo kunye neempawu:
Okwangoku, ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zemithombo engxamisekileyo yamandla zisetyenziswa ikakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa nokuba loluphi uhlobo, baneemfuno eziphezulu zokukhutshwa kwenqanaba. Umzekelo, ibhetri yangoku ye-lead-acid kwiibhayisikile zombane kunye neebhetri ze-lithium kwiishaja zefowuni eziphathwayo zikude kakhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuqala imoto.
1.I-asidi yelothe:
a. Iibhetri zemveli eziphambili ze-acid lead: Izinto eziluncedo ngamaxabiso asezantsi, ukuhlala ixesha elide, ukhuseleko oluphezulu lobushushu; izinto ezingalunganga zininzi, ukutshaja rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa, ukungxenga i-asidi ye-sulfuric acid kulula ukuvuza okanye ukoma, kwaye akunakusetyenziswa ngaphantsi kwe-0 ° C .
b. Ibhetri ebhijelweyo: Izibonelelo ngamaxabiso aphantsi, amancinci kwaye aphathwayo, ukhuseleko oluphezulu lobushushu, iqondo lobushushu eliphantsi elingaphantsi kwe -10 ℃ inokusetyenziswa, ulondolozo olulula, ubomi obude; kwaye imisebenzi ingaphantsi kweebhetri ze-lithium.
2.Iithiyithi ion:
a. I-Polymer lithium cobalt oxide ibhetri: Izinto eziluncedo zincinci, zintle, zinemisebenzi emininzi, ziyaphatheka, kwaye zilindile ixesha elide; ukungalunganga kukuba iya kuqhuma kubushushu obuphezulu, ayinakusetyenziswa kubushushu obuphantsi, isekethe yokhuseleko inzima, ayinakulayishwa kakhulu, amandla amancinci, kwaye iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziyabiza.
b. Ibhetri ye-lithium yentsimbi ye-phosphate: Izibonelelo zincinci kwaye ziyaphatheka, zintle, ixesha elide lokulinda, ubomi obude, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kuneebhetri zepolymer, kwaye zinokusetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi angaphantsi kwe -10 ° C; I-70 ° C ayikhuselekanga kwaye isekethe yokukhusela inzima.Umthamo mncinci kunebhetri zenxeba kwaye ixabiso libiza kakhulu kuneebhetri zepolymer.
3. Abaphathi bezikhundla:
I-Super capacitors: izibonelelo zincinci kwaye ziyaphatheka, ukukhutshwa okukhulu ngoku, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kunye nobomi obude; izinto ezingalunganga azikhuselekanga kubushushu obuphezulu ngaphezu kwe-70 ℃, isekethe enzima yokukhuselwa, amandla asezantsi, kwaye zibiza kakhulu.
Imveliso:
1. Amandla ombane angxamisekileyo okuqala ombane anokutshisa zonke iimoto ngokuveliswa kwebhetri eyi-12V, kodwa uluhlu lwemveliso olusebenzayo lweemoto ezinokufuduka okwahlukileyo ziya kwahluka, kwaye inokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezinje ngokuhlangula imeko kaxakeka
2. Ukukhanya okumhlophe okuqaqambileyo okumhlophe kwe-LED, ukukhanya kwesilumkiso, kunye nokukhanya kwesiginali ye-SOS, umncedisi olungileyo wokuhamba;
3. Umbane wemoto oqalisa ngongxamiseko awuxhasi nje kuphela ukuqala okungxamisekileyo kwemoto, kodwa ikwaxhasa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukuphuma kwe-5V (ukuxhasa zonke iintlobo zeemveliso eziphathwayo ezinje ngeefowuni eziphathwayo), imveliso ye-12V (ukuxhasa imizila kunye nezinye iimveliso), 19V imveliso (exhasa uninzi lweemveliso zelaptop)), ukwandisa uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ebomini;
4. Ukuqala kwamandla ombane wemoto kunendawo yokugcina ibhetri ekhokelayo ene-asidi eyakhiweyo, kwaye kukho nebhetri ephezulu ye-lithium-ion, eneendlela ezininzi onokukhetha kuzo;
5. Ukubonelelwa ngombane ngexesha lesimo esingxamisekileyo seLithium-ion polymer kunobomi benkonzo ende, ukutshaja nokukhupha imijikelezo kunokufikelela ngaphezulu kwamaxesha e-500, kwaye ingaqala imoto amaxesha angama-20 xa igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo (ibhetri iboniswe kwi-5 imivalo) (umbhali usebenzisa oku, ayizizo zonke iimveliso);
6. Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kwebhetri ye-lead-acid engxamisekileyo kufakelwe impompo yomoya ngoxinzelelo lwe-120PSI (imodeli ebonisiweyo), enokuthi iququzelele ukunyuka kwamaxabiso.
7. Inqaku elikhethekileyo: Inqanaba lebhetri ye-lithium-ion polymer engxamisekileyo yokuhambisa umbane kufuneka ibe ngaphezulu kwe-3 bar ngaphambi kokuba imoto itshiswe, ukuze ingatshisi umbane wemoto engxamisekileyo. Khumbula nje ukuyibiza.
Imiyalelo:
1. Tsala i-brake yemanyuwali, beka i-clutch ngokungathathi hlangothi, jonga iswitshi yokuqalisa, kufanele ukuba ikwindawo ye-OFF.
2. Nceda ubeke i-starter engxamisekileyo kumhlaba ozinzileyo okanye iqonga elingahambiyo, kude ne-injini namabhanti.
3. Qhagamshela ikliphu ebomvu ebomvu (+) ye "starter engxamisekileyo" kwi-electrode elungileyo yebhetri engenamandla. Kwaye qinisekisa ukuba unxibelelwano luqinile.
4. Qhagamshela ikliphu yesincedisi esimnyama (-) se "starter engxamisekileyo" kwipali yomhlaba yemoto, kwaye uqiniseke ukuba uqhagamshelo luqinile.
5. Jonga ukuchaneka nokuqina konxibelelwano.
6.Qalisa imoto (engekho ngaphezulu kwemizuzwana emi-5) Ukuba ukuqala akuphumelelanga, nceda ulinde ngaphezulu kwemizuzwana emi-5.
7. Emva kwempumelelo, susa uqinisa olubi kwisibonda somhlaba.
8. Susa i-clip ebomvu ebomvu "ye-starter engxamisekileyo" (eyaziwa njenge "Cross River Dragon") kwisiphelo esifanelekileyo sebhetri.
9. Nceda ugcwalise ibhetri emva kokuyisebenzisa.
Qalisa ukutshaja amandla:
Nceda usebenzise umbane onikezelweyo okhethekileyo xa utshaja. Ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa okokuqala, nceda ubize isixhobo iiyure ezili-12. Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion polymer ihlala ihlawuliswa ngokupheleleyo kwiiyure ezingama-4. Akude kube kudala kusithiwa kukude, kubangcono. Ukugcinwa kwe-asidi ye-asidi engenasondlo ifuna amaxesha ahlukeneyo okutshaja ngokuxhomekeka kumthamo wemveliso, kodwa ixesha lokutshaja lihlala lide kuneloo bhetri ye-lithium polymer.
Amanyathelo okutshaja kweLithium polymer:
1. Faka iplagi yabasetyhini etshajayo ebonelelweyo kwi "starter engxamisekileyo" yokutshaja izibuko lonxibelelwano kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ikhuselekile.
2. Xhuma elinye icala lentambo yokutshaja kwisiseko sombane kwaye uqinisekise ukuba likhuselekile. (220V)
3. Ngeli xesha, isikhombisi sokutshaja siyakukhanya, sibonakalise ukuba ukutshaja kuyaqhubeka.
4. Emva kokuba ukutshaja kugqityiwe, ukukhanya kwesikhombisi kucinyiwe kwaye kushiywe iyure e-1 ukubona ukuba ivolthi yebhetri ifikelela kwimfuno, okuthetha ukuba igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo.
5. Ixesha lokutshaja akufuneki libe ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-24.
Amanyathelo okutshaja ibhetri ekhokelela kwi-acid.
1. Faka iplagi yabasetyhini etshajayo ebonelelweyo kwi "starter engxamisekileyo" yokutshaja izibuko lonxibelelwano kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ikhuselekile.
2. Xhuma elinye icala lentambo yokutshaja kwisiseko sombane kwaye uqinisekise ukuba likhuselekile. (220V)
3. Ngeli xesha, isikhombisi sokutshaja siyakukhanya, sibonakalise ukuba ukutshaja kuyaqhubeka.
4. Emva kokuba isibonakaliso sesibane sijika siluhlaza, oko kuthetha ukuba ukutshaja kugqityiwe.
5. Ukusetyenziswa kokuqala, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubize ixesha elide.
phinda usebenzise:
Ukuze ufikelele kubomi obuphezulu benkonzo yamandla okuqalisa kwamandla emoto, kuyacetyiswa ukugcina umatshini ugcwele ngokupheleleyo ngawo onke amaxesha.Ukuba umbane awugcinwanga ugcwele ngokupheleleyo, ubomi bonikezelo lwamandla luya kufutshane.Ukuba akunjalo iyasetyenziswa, nceda uqinisekise ukuba iyabizwa kwaye iyakhululwa kwinyanga nganye ezi-3.
Umgaqo osisiseko:
Uyilo lwamandla eemoto ezininzi kufuneka lulandele eyona migaqo isisiseko xa kuyilwa, kodwa ayizizo zonke izinto eziyiliweyo eziqonda kakuhle le migaqo. Oku kulandelayo yimigaqo esisiseko esithandathu ekufuneka ilandelwe xa kuyilwa uyilo lwamandla ezithuthi.
1. Igalelo levolthi yokufaka: uluhlu lwexeshana lwevolthi yebhetri ye-12V emisela uluhlu lwevolthi yokuguqula amandla IC
Uluhlu lwevolthi yebhetri yemoto eyi-9V ukuya kwi-16V.Xa injini icinyiwe, ombane ngegama ibhetri yeemoto yi-12V; xa injini isebenza, umbane webhetri ujikeleze i-14.4V. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo, umbane wethutyana unokufikelela kwi-100V. Umgangatho wecandelo le-ISO7637-1 uchaza ukuhla kwamandla ombane weebhetri zemoto. Iifomathi ezibonisiweyo kuMzobo 1 kunye noMzobo 2 ziyinxalenye yeefomathi ezinikwe ngumgangatho we-ISO7637. Eli nani libonisa iimeko ezinzima ekufuneka zifezekiswe ngabaguquli bamandla ezithuthi abakwizinga eliphezulu. Ukongeza kwi-ISO7637-1, kukho iindawo ezithile zokusebenza kwebhetri kunye nemeko ezichazwe kwiinjini zegesi. Uninzi lweenkcukacha ezintsha zicetyiswa ngabavelisi abahlukeneyo be-OEM kwaye ayilandeli imigangatho yemizi-mveliso. Nangona kunjalo, nayiphi na imigangatho emitsha ifuna ukuba inkqubo ibe ne-overvoltage kunye nokhuseleko lokungabikho kwamandla.
2. Ukutshiswa kobushushu: ukusasaza ubushushu kufuneka kuyilwe ngokokusebenza okusezantsi kwesiguquli seDC-DC
Ukusetyenziswa kokujikeleza komoya okungalunganga okanye ngaphandle kokuhamba komoya, ukuba ubushushu bemo ephezulu buphezulu (> 30 ° C) kwaye kukho umthombo wobushushu (> 1W) kwindawo ebiyelweyo, isixhobo siya kukhawuleza shushu (> 85 ° C) . Umzekelo, uninzi lwezandisi-lizwi kufuneka zifakelwe kwiindawo zokufudumeza ubushushu kwaye kufuneka zibonelele ngemeko efanelekileyo yokujikeleza komoya ukukhupha ubushushu. Ukongeza, izinto zePCB kunye nendawo ethile enxibe ubhedu inceda ekuphuculeni ubushushu bokuhambisa ubushushu, ukuze kufikelelwe kwezona meko zibalaseleyo zokuchithwa kobushushu. Ukuba isinki yobushushu ayisetyenziswanga, amandla okusasaza ubushushu kwiphedi eveziweyo kwiphakheji inqunyelwe kwi-2W ukuya kwi-3W (85 ° C). Njengoko ubushushu bemo yokuma benyuka, ubushushu bokusasazeka kwamandla buya kuncipha kakhulu.
Xa umbane webhetri uguqulwa ube ngumbane ophantsi (umzekelo: ukuphuma kwe-3.3V), umlawuli olawulayo uya kudla i-75% yamandla okufaka, kwaye ukusebenza kwawo kuphantsi kakhulu. Ukubonelela nge-1W yamandla okuphuma, i-3W yamandla iya kusetyenziswa njengobushushu. Inikwe umda bubushushu obugcweleyo kunye necala / indawo yokudibana, amandla e-1W aphezulu okuphuma kwamandla aya kuncitshiswa kakhulu. Uninzi lwabaguquli bevolthi ephezulu ye-DC-DC, xa iziphumo ezikhoyo zikuluhlu lwe-150mA ukuya kwi-200mA, i-LDO inokubonelela ngokusebenza kweendleko eziphezulu.
Ukuguqula umbane webhetri ube ngumbane ophantsi (umzekelo: 3.3V), xa amandla efikelela kwi-3W, isiphelo esiguquliweyo sokutshintsha kufuneka sikhethwe, esinokunika amandla okuphuma ngaphezulu kwe-30W. Esi sesona sizathu sokuba abavelisi bamandla eemoto bahlala bekhetha ukutshintsha izisombululo zonikezelo lwamandla kunye nokwala ubugcisa obusekwe kwi-LDO.
I-Quiescent yangoku (IQ) kunye nokucinywa kwangoku (ISD)
Ngokunyuka okukhawulezayo kwenani leeyunithi zolawulo lwe-elektroniki (ii-ECUs) kwiimoto, inani elipheleleyo elisetyenzisiweyo kwibhetri yemoto nalo liyanda. Nokuba injini icinyiwe kwaye ibhetri iphelile, ezinye iiyunithi ze-ECU zisasebenza. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-IQ esebenzayo yangoku ikuluhlu olulawulwayo, uninzi lwabenzi be-OEM baqala ukunciphisa i-IQ ye-ECU nganye. Umzekelo, imfuno ye-EU yile: 100μA / ECU. Uninzi lwemigangatho yeemoto ze-EU ichaza ukuba ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-ECU IQ lingaphantsi kwe-100μA. Izixhobo ezihlala zihlala zisebenza, ezinje nge-CAN transceivers, iiwotshi zexesha lokwenyani, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-microcontroller ngoku zizinto eziphambili ze-ECU IQ, kunye noyilo lokuhambisa umbane kufuneka luqwalasele ubuncinci bebhajethi ye-IQ.
4. Ulawulo lweendleko: Ukuyekethisa kwabavelisi be-OEM phakathi kweendleko kunye nokubalulwa yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kwezixhobo
Kwiimveliso eziveliswe ngobuninzi, indleko yinto ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kuyilo. Uhlobo lwePCB, amandla okusasaza ubushushu, ukhetho lweephakeji kunye nezinye izithintelo zoyilo eneneni zinqunyelwe kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lweprojekthi ethile. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa i-4-layer board FR4 kunye nebhodi yomaleko omnye we-CM3, amandla okusasaza ubushushu bePCB aya kwahluka kakhulu.
Uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lweprojekthi luza kukhokelela kwesinye isithintelo.Abasebenzisi banokwamkela iindleko eziphezulu ze-ECU, kodwa abayi kuchitha ixesha nemali ekuguquleni uyilo lwesiko lokuhambisa umbane. Kumaqonga amatsha ophuhliso anexabiso eliphezulu, abayili benza uhlengahlengiso olulula kuyilo lwamandla emveli olungenakulinganiswa.
5. Ubume / ubeko: I-PCB kunye nolwakhiwo lwecandelo kuyilo lonikezelo lwamandla luya kunciphisa ukusebenza ngokubanzi kombane
Uyilo lolwakhiwo, ubeko lwebhodi yesekethe, ubuntununtunu bengxolo, imiba emininzi yokudibanisa ibhodi, kunye nezinye izithintelo zoyilo ziya kuthintela uyilo lwezixhobo zombane ezihlangeneyo eziphezulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okupakisha umthwalo wokuvelisa onke amandla ayimfuneko kuya kukhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu, kwaye ayilunganga ukudibanisa izinto ezininzi kwi-chip enye. Abaqulunqi bamandla okuhambisa umbane kufuneka balungelelanise ukusebenza kwenkqubo yonke, imiqobo yoomatshini, kunye neendleko ngokweemfuno ezithile zeprojekthi.
6. Imitha yombane
Indawo eyahluka-hlukeneyo yombane iya kuvelisa imitha ye-electromagnetic radiation.Ubungqingqwa bemitha buxhomekeke kubude nobungakanani bentsimi.Ukuphazanyiswa kombane okwenziwe yisekethe enye kuya kuchaphazela ngqo enye isekethe. Umzekelo, ukuphazamiseka kwamajelo kanomathotholo kunokubangela ukuba i-airbag ingasebenzi kakuhle Ukuze kuthintelwe ezi ziphumo zingalunganga, abavelisi be-OEM bamisele ubuninzi bemida ye-electromagnetic radiation yeeyunithi ze-ECU.
Ukugcina i-electromagnetic radiation (EMI) kuluhlu olulawulwayo, uhlobo, itopology, ukhetho lwezinto zecandelo, ubeko lwebhodi yesekethe kunye nokukhusela isiguquli seDC-DC kubaluleke kakhulu. Emva kweminyaka yokuqokelelana, abaqulunqi bamandla e-IC baphuhlise iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunciphisa i-EMI. Ungqamaniso lwewotshi lwangaphandle, ukusebenza kwamaxesha aphezulu kunebhendi yokumodareyitha ye-AM, eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi kwi-MOSFET, itekhnoloji yokutshintsha ethambileyo, ukusasaza itekhnoloji ye-spectrum, njl.njl.