Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā meaola biodegradable i loko o nā pōpō degradable bio-based a me nā aila degradable i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka ʻaila e like me ke kumu o kā lākou mea hana. Ua noi ʻia iā lākou i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me nā lako pākaukau kīnā ʻole, ʻūlū, nā mahiʻai, nā kaʻa, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea hana lole, a pēlā aku. Hoʻoikaika nā meaola biodegradable e hopu i nā manawa mākeke ma mua. No laila inā makemake kā mākou mau hoaaloha i ka ʻoihana Plastics e loaʻa kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻoihana meaola biodegradable, pehea mākou e holo ai? Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i waena o nā plastics degradable bio-based a me ka aila? ʻO nā mea hana a me nā ʻenehana i ka haʻina huahana ka kī nui, a ma lalo o nā ʻano hea e hiki ai i nā mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa ke hoʻopau a hiki i ke kūlana maʻamau ...

ʻO Polypropylene (Polypropylene) kahi mea polymer i hoʻohana ākea ʻia, i kapa ʻia ʻo PP, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka thermoplastic. Ma muli o kona waiwai ʻole ʻole, ʻaʻohe ʻaʻala a me nā mea ʻona ʻona ʻole, hoʻohana ʻia ia i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano he poʻokela manaʻo nui māmā. ʻO Polypropylene kahi hana maikaʻi loa, palekana a me nā mea ʻona ʻole, haʻahaʻa a me ka loaʻa maʻalahi o nā mea maka, a ʻo nā huahana i hoʻomākaukau ʻia he māmā a me nā mea pilikino. Ua hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻopili huahana, nā mea pono kemika, nā ʻāpana kaʻa, nā paipu kūkulu a me nā māla ʻē aʻe.

1. Hoʻolauna i ke kaʻina hana o nā huahana polypropylene

I nā makahiki 1950, ua hoʻomaka ka noiʻi ʻana ma ka ʻenehana synthephe polypropylene. Mai ke ʻano kuʻuna polymerization hoʻoheheʻe kuʻuna (i ʻike ʻia me ke ʻano o ka palolo) i kahi hana polymerization solution i hoʻonui ʻia i ka holomua, ua hoʻomohala ʻia i ka wai kahe o kēia wā ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka gas gas polymerization method. Me ka hoʻomau hoʻomau o ke kaʻina hana, ka polymerization hoʻoheheʻe ʻoi loa primitive ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia ke kānāwai i ka ʻoihana.

Ma loko o ka ʻenehana hana holomua o ka honua o polypropylene, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana ʻana o basell o polypropylene ma mua o 50% o ka huina huahana, ma ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ke kaʻina hana polymerization phase gas lua-Spheripol; i ka hoʻohui, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka syntherly Spherizone polypropylene synthesized e basell a hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hana. ʻO ka ʻenehana, ka Borstar polypropylene synthesness process i hoʻomohala ʻia a hoʻokomo ʻia e Borealis i hoʻohana ākea.

1.1 Ke kaʻina hana Spheripol

ʻO ka ʻenehana Spheripol lua-loop gas phase polypropylene ʻenehana i hoʻomohala ʻia a hoʻokomo ʻia e basell ke ʻano hou loa o ke kaʻina hana synthes polypropylene. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kaʻina hana kuʻuna, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka huahana polypropylene i hana ʻia a me nā huahana nui aku.

Ua hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia kahi hanauna ʻehā o nā catalist. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi reactor synthes polypropylene me kahi ʻano o ka loop-loop, a ua hana ʻia nā ʻano huahana polypropylene maikaʻi loa ma ke kumu o kēia kaʻina. Hiki i ke ʻano o ka paipu lua-loop ke loaʻa nā huahana polypropylene me ka maikaʻi o ka hana ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kaomi i ke kaʻina hana synthes, a ʻike i ke kaohi o ka nui o ka polypropylene macromolecules a me ka morphology o polypropylene macromolecules; ʻo ka catalyzed-ʻehā catalyst i loaʻa ma hope o nā hoʻomaikaʻi he nui, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka catalyzed polypropylene huahana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mīkini, a me nā kūpaʻa ʻaina kiʻekiʻe.

Ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka pālua pālua piʻipiʻi hopena hopena, hiki ke ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana; ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kaomi hana, no laila ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻike hydrogen i ke kaʻina hana holoʻokoʻa, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i nā waiwai like ʻole o nā huahana polypropylene i kekahi ʻano; i ka manawa like, e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka Tube Tube maikaʻi maikaʻi hiki ke hana i nā macromolecules ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe a me nā huahana polypropylene ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o ka laulā o ke kaupaona ʻana o nā huahana polypropylene i hana ʻia, a ua loaʻa ka polypropylene ʻoi aku ka like o nā huahana.

Hiki i kēia hoʻolālā ke hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻololi wela ma waena o nā mea hana. Inā hoʻohui ʻia me nā catalst metallocene holomua hou aʻe, e hoʻomākaukau nā huahana polypropylene me ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Hoʻonui ka hana o ka loop loop reactor i ka pono hana, hana i ke kaʻina hana i maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi, a i kekahi manawa e hoʻonui i ka hopena o nā huahana polypropylene.

1.2 Ke kaʻina Spherizone

Ma muli o ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka noi no ka bimodal polypropylene, ua hoʻomohala ʻo basell i kahi hana hana hou. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kaʻina Spherizone no ka hana ʻana i ka polypropylene bimodal. ʻO ka hana hou o ke kaʻina hana i loko o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe like, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mea hoʻoheheʻe, a me ke ana wela, kaomi a me ke kaomi hana i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ka hopena. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hydrogen konsentration i ka zone reaction me nā ʻano hana like ʻole a me nā ʻano hana i hiki ke mālama ʻia i ka ulu mau ʻana o ka polypropylene chain chain i ka synthesizing polypropylene. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, synthesized ka polypropylene bimodal me ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lōkahi o ka huahana polypropylene i loaʻa.

Nā hana 1.3 Borstar

Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kaʻina hana synthes Borstar polypropylene ma ke kaʻina hana polypropylene o basell Corporation na Borealis, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka reactor loop-loop, a ua hoʻopili ʻia ka reactor bed-fluid-gas-phase i ka moʻo i ka manawa like, no laila e hana ana i ka polypropylene me ka maikaʻi o ka hana. . huahana

Ma mua o kēia, ua kāohi ʻia nā kaʻina hana synthespine polypropylene āpau i ka mahana hana ma kahi o 70 ° C e hōʻalo ai i ka hanauna o nā huʻa i ke kaʻina hana a hana i nā huahana polypropylene ʻoi aku ka like. ʻO ke kaʻina Borstar i hoʻolālā ʻia e Borealis e ʻae i kahi mahana hana ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe, a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o ka waiwai koʻikoʻi o ka hana propylene. Hoʻonui pū ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mahana i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kaomi hana, a aneane ʻole nā huʻa i ke kaʻina hana, kahi ʻano o ka hana. ʻO kahi hana synthes polypropylene maikaʻi loa.

Hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā ʻano o ke kaʻina e like me kēia: ʻO ka mea, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka catalyst; ʻo ka lua, hoʻohui ʻia ka reactor phase gas i ka moʻo ma ke kumu o ka reactor tube loop, i hiki ke maʻalahi ke kaohi i ka nui mole a me ka morphology o ka macromolecule synthesized; ʻO ke kolu, ʻo kēlā me kēia piko i loaʻa i ka wā o ka hana ʻana o ka bimodal polypropylene hiki ke hoʻokō i kahi puʻupuʻu o ka nui o ka mole molaki, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka huahana bimodal; ʻehā, hoʻonui ʻia ka mahana hana, a pale ʻia nā mole polypropylene mai ka hoʻohemo ʻia ʻana i loko o ka hanana o propylene ʻaʻole e hoʻopili i nā huahana polypropylene i ka paia o ka reactor.

2. Ke holomua i ka noi ʻana o polypropylene

Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Polypropylene (Polypropylene) i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka hoʻopili huahana, nā hana pono o kēlā me kēia lā, ka hana kaʻa kaʻa, nā pono hale, nā lako olakino, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma muli o ke kaʻina hana makua, nā kumu kūʻai maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e loaʻa, palekana, ʻaʻole -o nā huahana Toxic a me ka pilina. Ma muli o ka ʻimi nei i ke ola ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā koi hou aku no ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ua hoʻololi ʻo polypropylene i nā mea he nui me ka ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi ʻole o ka nohona.

2.1 Hoʻolālā o nā huahana polypropylene no nā paipu

ʻO ka paipu copolymer polypropylene Random, i ʻike ʻia ʻo PPR, kekahi o nā huahana polypropylene i koi nui ʻia i kēia manawa. Loaʻa iā ia nā pono mechanical a me ka hopena kūpaʻa ikaika. ʻO ka paipu i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai iā ia ma ke ʻano he mea waiwai ka ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe, ka māmā māmā, a ʻaʻa i ke kūpale. Kūpaʻa a kūpono hoʻi no ka hana hou. No ka mea hiki iā ia ke kū i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana a me ka wai wela, he ola lōʻihi kona e pili ana i ka nānā pono ʻana, ka maikaʻi o ka huahana maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe, a ua hoʻohana ākea ʻia i ke kai anuanu a me ka wai wela.

Ma muli o kāna hana paʻa, ka palekana a me ka hilinaʻi, a me ke kumukūʻai kūpono, ua helu ʻia ʻo ia e like me nā mea pono e pono ai ka paipu e ka Kuhina o Kūkulu a me nā keʻena e pili ana. Pono ia e hoʻololi mālie i nā paipu kuʻuna me nā paipu pale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo e like me PPR. Ma lalo o ke kuhina nui o ke aupuni, ke kūkulu ʻia nei koʻu ʻāina i kēia manawa. Ma mua o 80% o nā noho e hoʻohana i nā paipu ʻōmaʻomaʻo PPR. Me ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana kūkulu hale o koʻu ʻāina, ke piʻi nei nō hoʻi ke koi no nā paipu PPR. Wahi a nā helu helu, ʻo ka averike koi o ka makahiki ma kahi o 200kt.

2.2 Hoʻonui i nā huahana polypropylene kiʻiʻoniʻoni

ʻO nā huahana kiʻi ʻoniʻoni kekahi o nā huahana polypropylene i makemake nui ʻia. ʻO ka hana ʻana i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni kahi ala nui no nā noi polypropylene. Wahi a nā helu helu, ma kahi o 20% o ka polypropylene i hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni. ʻOiai kūpaʻa a ʻoluʻolu ka pilina o ke kiʻi polypropylene, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano huahana like ʻole, e like me nā mea insulate i nā huahana kikoʻī, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā kahua he nui e like me nā mea kūkulu hale. ʻOi aku i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā mea hana kiʻi ʻoniʻoni polypropylene me ke kiʻekiʻe i hoʻonui ʻia. ʻO kahi laʻana, propylene-ethylene-1-butene ternary copolymer polypropylene film hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka papa hoʻohaʻahaʻa wela wela, kahi e nui ai ka noi o ka mākeke.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni wela e hoʻopaʻa i ka wela, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō i ka ikaika mechanical a me ka hopena kūʻē. Nui a hewahewa nā huahana kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, a ʻo nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e koi nui ʻia nei: ʻo ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo BOPP, he kiʻi polyPropylene CPP Film, hoʻohana ʻia ka kiʻi CPP no ka meaʻai a me nā huahana huahana lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻohana ʻia ka kiʻi BOPP no ka hoʻopili huahana a me ka iecaianoaaiiuo o nā huahana lina. Wahi a ka ʻikepili, pono e lawe mai ʻo Kina i kēia manawa e pili ana i 80kt o nā mea like me ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e like me nā kiʻi i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

2.3 Hoʻolālā o nā huahana polypropylene no nā kaʻa

Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻia ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana o nā mea polypropylene, kiʻekiʻe ikaika mechanical, a hiki ke mālama i ka hana maikaʻi ma hope o nā hopena he nui. Kūlike ia i ka manaʻo hoʻomohala o ka palekana a me ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni. No laila, ua hoʻohana ākea ia i ka māla kaʻa.

I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana polypropylene i nā ʻāpana kaʻa like ʻole e like me nā dashboard, nā mea o loko, a me nā puʻupuʻu. ʻO nā huahana polypropylene i hoʻololi ʻia i kēia manawa ua lilo i huahana plastik nui no nā ʻāpana kaʻa. ʻOi loa, aia kekahi āpau nui i nā mea pono o ka polypropylene kiʻekiʻe, a he manaʻolana nā manaʻolana ulu.

Me ka hoʻomaikaʻi mau o nā koi o Kina i kēia manawa no ka hana kaʻa a hoʻonui i ka ʻike no ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni i ke kahua o ka hana kaʻa, pono i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana kaʻa e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ka hana hou ʻana a hoʻohana hou i nā mea polypropylene no nā kaʻa. ʻO nā pilikia nui o nā huahana polypropylene i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana kaʻa ma muli o ka lako ʻole o nā huahana polypropylene kiʻekiʻe, koi ʻia nā huahana polypropylene e ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻoluʻolu i ke kaiapuni, ʻaʻohe haumia, loaʻa ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kūpale ʻana i ka wela, ka ikaika mīkini kiʻekiʻe a me ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka popopo kūpikū.

I ka makahiki 2020, e hoʻokō ʻo Kina i ke kūlana "National VI", a e hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā kaʻa māmā. Kūpono nā huahana Polypropylene a me ka māmā. E loaʻa iā lākou nā mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a e hoʻohana ākea ʻia i ka ʻoihana kaʻa.

2.4 Hoʻonui i nā huahana polypropylene olakino

Palekana a palekana ʻole ka mea ʻawahia i ka polypropylene synthetic material, a he haʻahaʻa koina hana, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaiapuni i ka hoʻohana. No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā huahana olakino disposable e like me ka ʻōpala lāʻau, nā syringes, nā ʻōmole infusion, nā mīkina lima, a me nā paipu aniani i nā pono lapaʻau. ʻO ke kūapo ʻana o nā mea aniani kuʻuna i loaʻa maʻamau.

Me nā koi e hoʻonui nei i ka lehulehu no nā kūlana olakino a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o Kina i ka noiʻi ʻepekema no nā pono lapaʻau, e hoʻonui loa ka ʻai ʻana o nā huahana polypropylene i ka mākeke lapaʻau. Ma waho aʻe o ka hana ʻana o nā huahana lapaʻau haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa, hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kiʻekiʻe e like me nā lole ulana ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā splint kidney synthetic.

3. Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo

ʻO Polypropylene kahi mea hoʻohana polymer i hoʻohana ākea ʻia me nā ʻenehana hana makua, nā mea waiwai maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e loaʻa, palekana, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawahia a me nā huahana pilikino. Ua hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻopili huahana, nā hana pono o kēlā me kēia lā, ka hana kaʻa, nā pono hana, nā pono olakino a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. .

I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā pono hana hana polypropylene, nā hana hana, a me nā catalist i Kina e hoʻohana mau nei i ka ʻenehana haole. Pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana e pili ana i nā pono hana polypropylene a me nā hana, a ma ke kumu o ke komo ʻana i ka ʻike maikaʻi loa, pono e hoʻolālā ʻia kahi kaʻina hana polypropylene maikaʻi. I ka manawa like, pono e hoʻonui i ka hoʻopukapuka i ka noiʻi ʻepekema, hoʻomohala i nā huahana polypropylene me ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka waiwai i hoʻonui ʻia, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻokūkū nui a Kina.

Kipaku ʻia e nā kulekele hoʻomalu kūlohelohe, ke noi ʻana i nā meaola biodegradable i ka papa ʻaina kīnā ʻole, ka hoʻopili ʻana, ka mahiʻai, nā kaʻa, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea ulana a me nā māla ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaka nei i nā manawa hou no ka hoʻomohala mākeke.