I am a student majoring in polymer materials. I probably have learned what everyone said. Our professional teachers encourage us to learn independently, so I want to learn through multiple channels. In fact, what I want to understand is what I usually use when making materials. What are some of the additives and which additives have a more significant effect on which properties of the material are enhanced, thank you!

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1. Plasticizer (plasticizer)
Increase the plasticity of plastic.
Add a little plasticizer to PVC and it can be processed at 140 degrees.
2. Toughening agent
It is easy to be confused with plasticizers. Some plasticizers can indeed be used as toughening agents. At this time, the principle of both is usually to change the crystallinity of polymers.
3. Antioxidant
Plastic is an organic polymer, and the molecules are actually quite fragile. It is very dangerous if you encounter a rogue like oxygen at high temperature, just like a young girl in a simple dress walking on a quiet street in the middle of the night. We all know that oxygen is the culprit of certain things that shouldn’t happen, and it has nothing to do with the polymer itself, but the power of oxygen is so great that the earth cannot do without it, so we had to put more clothes on the polymer, that is, antioxidants. When you really encounter oxygen, take off your coat, and then Jin Chan escapes to avoid worse consequences.
4. Flame retardant
The role of flame retardants is to prevent the burning speed, many of which are phosphorus and chlorine-containing substances, which quickly generate free radicals, thereby preventing the spread of fire sources.
5. Coloring agent
The function is to color the plastic.
6. Reinforcing agent (reinforcing agent)
Most of the time, fillers referred to verbally also refer to enhancers, whose role is to increase the strength of plastics.
7. Crosslinking agent
The crosslinking agent can actually be called a reinforcing agent, because it has a similar effect on the final molded material.
But unlike general fillers, a chemical reaction occurs between the crosslinking agent and the polymer. Through chemical reactions such as cross-linking, the shaping of the plastic becomes more stable.
8. Light stabilizer
High-energy electromagnetic waves such as ultraviolet light can cause chain scission in many polymers, and light stabilizers are designed to deal with this problem.
9. Heat stabilizer
Similar to Article 8, except that the energy source of the chain scission reaction becomes high temperature.
10. Blowing agent
Generally, plastics are solid. If you want to make foamed plastics like steamed buns, you obviously cannot rely on yeast. For fear that yeast cannot survive in the plastic processing technology, the foaming agent acts as such a yeast. .
11. Lubricant
It is mainly used during processing, and is similar to plasticizers-plasticizers reduce the friction between molecules, and lubricants can not only reduce the friction between molecules, but also reduce the friction between molecules and the container.
12. Antistatic agent
In fact, it can be compared with flame retardants. The amount is not too large, but it is extremely important in special occasions, especially in electronic components. Its function is to reduce the accumulation of static electricity on the plastic surface.